Isolated Spin Qubits in SiC with a High-Fidelity Infrared Spin-to-Photon Interface
Abstract
The divacancies in SiC are a family of paramagnetic defects that show promise for quantum communication technologies due to their long-lived electron spin coherence and their optical addressability at near-telecom wavelengths. Nonetheless, a high-fidelity spin-photon interface, which is a crucial prerequisite for such technologies, has not yet been demonstrated. Here, we demonstrate that such an interface exists in isolated divacancies in epitaxial films of 3C-SiC and 4H-SiC. Our data show that divacancies in 4H-SiC have minimal undesirable spin mixing, and that the optical linewidths in our current sample are already similar to those of recent remote entanglement demonstrations in other systems. Moreover, we find that 3C-SiC divacancies have a millisecond Hahn-echo spin coherence time, which is among the longest measured in a naturally isotopic solid. The presence of defects with these properties in a commercial semiconductor that can be heteroepitaxially grown as a thin film on Si shows promise for future quantum networks based on SiC defects.
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States); Linköping Univ. (Sweden); National Inst. for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki (Japan)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; US Army Research Office (ARO); US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); National Science Foundation (NSF); Swedish Research Council (SRC); ÅForsk Foundation (Sweden); Carl-Trygger Foundation for Scientific Research (Sweden); Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (Sweden); Swedish Energy Agency; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1366341
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1418623
- Grant/Contract Number:
- W911NF-15-2-0058; FA9550-15-1-0029; FA9550-14-1-0231; DMR-1420709; 621-2014-5825; 2016-04068; 16-576; CTS 15:339; KAW 2013.0300; 43611-1; 26286047
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review. X
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Physical Review. X Journal Volume: 7 Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2160-3308
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; color centers; defects; quantum control; quantum information with solid state qubits; spintronics
Citation Formats
Christle, David J., Klimov, Paul V., de las Casas, Charles F., Szász, Krisztián, Ivády, Viktor, Jokubavicius, Valdas, Ul Hassan, Jawad, Syväjärvi, Mikael, Koehl, William F., Ohshima, Takeshi, Son, Nguyen T., Janzén, Erik, Gali, Ádám, and Awschalom, David D. Isolated Spin Qubits in SiC with a High-Fidelity Infrared Spin-to-Photon Interface. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.7.021046.
Christle, David J., Klimov, Paul V., de las Casas, Charles F., Szász, Krisztián, Ivády, Viktor, Jokubavicius, Valdas, Ul Hassan, Jawad, Syväjärvi, Mikael, Koehl, William F., Ohshima, Takeshi, Son, Nguyen T., Janzén, Erik, Gali, Ádám, & Awschalom, David D. Isolated Spin Qubits in SiC with a High-Fidelity Infrared Spin-to-Photon Interface. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.7.021046
Christle, David J., Klimov, Paul V., de las Casas, Charles F., Szász, Krisztián, Ivády, Viktor, Jokubavicius, Valdas, Ul Hassan, Jawad, Syväjärvi, Mikael, Koehl, William F., Ohshima, Takeshi, Son, Nguyen T., Janzén, Erik, Gali, Ádám, and Awschalom, David D. Fri .
"Isolated Spin Qubits in SiC with a High-Fidelity Infrared Spin-to-Photon Interface". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.7.021046.
@article{osti_1366341,
title = {Isolated Spin Qubits in SiC with a High-Fidelity Infrared Spin-to-Photon Interface},
author = {Christle, David J. and Klimov, Paul V. and de las Casas, Charles F. and Szász, Krisztián and Ivády, Viktor and Jokubavicius, Valdas and Ul Hassan, Jawad and Syväjärvi, Mikael and Koehl, William F. and Ohshima, Takeshi and Son, Nguyen T. and Janzén, Erik and Gali, Ádám and Awschalom, David D.},
abstractNote = {The divacancies in SiC are a family of paramagnetic defects that show promise for quantum communication technologies due to their long-lived electron spin coherence and their optical addressability at near-telecom wavelengths. Nonetheless, a high-fidelity spin-photon interface, which is a crucial prerequisite for such technologies, has not yet been demonstrated. Here, we demonstrate that such an interface exists in isolated divacancies in epitaxial films of 3C-SiC and 4H-SiC. Our data show that divacancies in 4H-SiC have minimal undesirable spin mixing, and that the optical linewidths in our current sample are already similar to those of recent remote entanglement demonstrations in other systems. Moreover, we find that 3C-SiC divacancies have a millisecond Hahn-echo spin coherence time, which is among the longest measured in a naturally isotopic solid. The presence of defects with these properties in a commercial semiconductor that can be heteroepitaxially grown as a thin film on Si shows promise for future quantum networks based on SiC defects.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevX.7.021046},
journal = {Physical Review. X},
number = 2,
volume = 7,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Jun 23 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Fri Jun 23 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.7.021046
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.7.021046
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 148 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Spin-flip and spin-conserving optical transitions of the nitrogen-vacancy centre in diamond
journal, April 2008
- Tamarat, Ph; Manson, N. B.; Harrison, J. P.
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 4
Nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond: Model of the electronic structure and associated dynamics
journal, September 2006
- Manson, N. B.; Harrison, J. P.; Sellars, M. J.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 74, Issue 10
Projector augmented-wave method
journal, December 1994
- Blöchl, P. E.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 50, Issue 24, p. 17953-17979
Monocrystalline silicon carbide nanoelectromechanical systems
journal, January 2001
- Yang, Y. T.; Ekinci, K. L.; Huang, X. M. H.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 78, Issue 2
Unconditional quantum teleportation between distant solid-state quantum bits
journal, May 2014
- Pfaff, W.; Hensen, B. J.; Bernien, H.
- Science, Vol. 345, Issue 6196
Photonic quantum technologies
journal, December 2009
- O'Brien, Jeremy L.; Furusawa, Akira; Vučković, Jelena
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 3, Issue 12
Resonant optical spectroscopy and coherent control of spin ensembles in SiC and GaN
journal, January 2017
- Koehl, William F.; Diler, Berk; Whiteley, Samuel J.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 3
Silicon carbide photonic crystal cavities with integrated color centers
journal, July 2014
- Calusine, Greg; Politi, Alberto; Awschalom, David D.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 1
Optically detected magnetic resonance studies of defects in electron-irradiated 3C SiC layers
journal, February 1997
- Son, N. T.; Sörman, E.; Chen, W. M.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 55, Issue 5
All-optical coherent population trapping with defect spin ensembles in silicon carbide
journal, June 2015
- Zwier, Olger V.; O’Shea, Danny; Onur, Alexander R.
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Spin-Light Coherence for Single-Spin Measurement and Control in Diamond
journal, October 2010
- Buckley, B. B.; Fuchs, G. D.; Bassett, L. C.
- Science, Vol. 330, Issue 6008
Stark Shift Control of Single Optical Centers in Diamond
journal, August 2006
- Tamarat, Ph.; Gaebel, T.; Rabeau, J. R.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 8
Quantum entanglement at ambient conditions in a macroscopic solid-state spin ensemble
journal, November 2015
- Klimov, Paul V.; Falk, Abram L.; Christle, David J.
- Science Advances, Vol. 1, Issue 10
Issues concerning the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond
journal, November 2007
- Manson, N. B.; McMurtrie, R. L.
- Journal of Luminescence, Vol. 127, Issue 1
Defects as qubits in and
journal, July 2015
- Gordon, L.; Janotti, A.; Van de Walle, C. G.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 92, Issue 4
Fabrication of single nickel-nitrogen defects in diamond by chemical vapor deposition
journal, March 2005
- Rabeau, J. R.; Chin, Y. L.; Prawer, S.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 86, Issue 13
Single spin states in a defect center resolved by optical spectroscopy
journal, September 2002
- Jelezko, F.; Popa, I.; Gruber, A.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 81, Issue 12
High-Q silicon carbide photonic-crystal cavities
journal, January 2015
- Lee, Jonathan Y.; Lu, Xiyuan; Lin, Qiang
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 4
Cavity-Enhanced Measurements of Defect Spins in Silicon Carbide
journal, July 2016
- Calusine, Greg; Politi, Alberto; Awschalom, David D.
- Physical Review Applied, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Loophole-free Bell inequality violation using electron spins separated by 1.3 kilometres
journal, October 2015
- Hensen, B.; Bernien, H.; Dréau, A. E.
- Nature, Vol. 526, Issue 7575
A silicon carbide room-temperature single-photon source
journal, November 2013
- Castelletto, S.; Johnson, B. C.; Ivády, V.
- Nature Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 2
Laser writing of coherent colour centres in diamond
journal, December 2016
- Chen, Yu-Chen; Salter, Patrick S.; Knauer, Sebastian
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 11, Issue 2
Epitaxial growth of 3C–SiC films on 4 in. diam (100) silicon wafers by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition
journal, October 1995
- Zorman, Christian A.; Fleischman, Aaron J.; Dewa, Andrew S.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 78, Issue 8
Linewidth and Temperature Shift of the R Lines in Ruby
journal, June 1963
- McCumber, D. E.; Sturge, M. D.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 34, Issue 6
Measurement of the Ultrafast Spectral Diffusion of the Optical Transition of Nitrogen Vacancy Centers in Nano-Size Diamond Using Correlation Interferometry
journal, January 2013
- Wolters, Janik; Sadzak, Nikola; Schell, Andreas W.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 2
On-axis homoepitaxial growth on Si-face 4H–SiC substrates
journal, October 2008
- Hassan, J.; Bergman, J. P.; Henry, A.
- Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 310, Issue 20
Dynamic Stabilization of the Optical Resonances of Single Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
journal, May 2012
- Acosta, V. M.; Santori, C.; Faraon, A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 20
Theory of Neutral Divacancy in SiC: A Defect for Spintronics
journal, April 2010
- Gali, Adam; Gällström, Andreas; Son, Nguyen Tien
- Materials Science Forum, Vol. 645-648
Temporal Coherence of Photons Emitted by Single Nitrogen-Vacancy Defect Centers in Diamond Using Optical Rabi-Oscillations
journal, February 2008
- Batalov, A.; Zierl, C.; Gaebel, T.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 7
Time-dependent density functional study on the excitation spectrum of point defects in semiconductors
journal, September 2010
- Gali, Adam
- physica status solidi (b), Vol. 248, Issue 6
Single Domain 3C-SiC Growth on Off-Oriented 4H-SiC Substrates
journal, May 2015
- Jokubavicius, Valdas; Yazdi, Gholam R.; Liljedahl, Rickard
- Crystal Growth & Design, Vol. 15, Issue 6
Polytype control of spin qubits in silicon carbide
journal, May 2013
- Falk, Abram L.; Buckley, Bob B.; Calusine, Greg
- Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Low Temperature Studies of the Excited-State Structure of Negatively Charged Nitrogen-Vacancy Color Centers in Diamond
journal, May 2009
- Batalov, A.; Jacques, V.; Kaiser, F.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 19
Demonstration of two-dimensional photonic crystals based on silicon carbide
journal, January 2011
- Song, Bong-Shik; Yamada, Shota; Asano, Takashi
- Optics Express, Vol. 19, Issue 12
EPR identification of the triplet ground state and photoinduced population inversion for a Si-C divacancy in silicon carbide
journal, October 2005
- Baranov, P. G.; Il’in, I. V.; Mokhov, E. N.
- Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters, Vol. 82, Issue 7
Observation of the Dynamic Jahn-Teller Effect in the Excited States of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
journal, December 2009
- Fu, Kai-Mei C.; Santori, Charles; Barclay, Paul E.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 25
Isolated electron spins in silicon carbide with millisecond coherence times
journal, December 2014
- Christle, David J.; Falk, Abram L.; Andrich, Paolo
- Nature Materials, Vol. 14, Issue 2
Coherent control of single spins in silicon carbide at room temperature
journal, December 2014
- Widmann, Matthias; Lee, Sang-Yun; Rendler, Torsten
- Nature Materials, Vol. 14, Issue 2
Divacancy in 4H-SiC
journal, February 2006
- Son, N. T.; Carlsson, P.; ul Hassan, J.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 5
Hyperfine coupling of point defects in semiconductors by hybrid density functional calculations: The role of core spin polarization
journal, August 2013
- Szász, Krisztián; Hornos, Tamás; Marsman, Martijn
- Physical Review B, Vol. 88, Issue 7
Phonon-Induced Population Dynamics and Intersystem Crossing in Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers
journal, April 2015
- Goldman, M. L.; Sipahigil, A.; Doherty, M. W.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 14
A new spin one defect in cubic SiC
journal, December 2009
- Bratus’, V. Ya.; Melnik, R. S.; Okulov, S. M.
- Physica B: Condensed Matter, Vol. 404, Issue 23-24
Measurement and Control of Single Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Spins above 600 K
journal, July 2012
- Toyli, D. M.; Christle, D. J.; Alkauskas, A.
- Physical Review X, Vol. 2, Issue 3
Spin dynamics in the optical cycle of single nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond
journal, February 2011
- Robledo, Lucio; Bernien, Hannes; Sar, Toeno van der
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 2
Two-Photon Quantum Interference from Separate Nitrogen Vacancy Centers in Diamond
journal, January 2012
- Bernien, Hannes; Childress, Lilian; Robledo, Lucio
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 4
All-Optical Initialization, Readout, and Coherent Preparation of Single Silicon-Vacancy Spins in Diamond
journal, December 2014
- Rogers, Lachlan J.; Jahnke, Kay D.; Metsch, Mathias H.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 26
Silicon vacancy in SiC as a promising quantum system for single-defect and single-photon spectroscopy
journal, March 2011
- Baranov, Pavel G.; Bundakova, Anna P.; Soltamova, Alexandra A.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 83, Issue 12
Coherent manipulation, measurement and entanglement of individual solid-state spins using optical fields
journal, May 2015
- Gao, W. B.; Imamoglu, A.; Bernien, H.
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 9, Issue 6
Heralded entanglement between solid-state qubits separated by three metres
journal, April 2013
- Bernien, H.; Hensen, B.; Pfaff, W.
- Nature, Vol. 497, Issue 7447
Diamond photonics
journal, June 2011
- Aharonovich, Igor; Greentree, Andrew D.; Prawer, Steven
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 5, Issue 7
The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centre in diamond: the electronic solution
journal, February 2011
- Doherty, M. W.; Manson, N. B.; Delaney, P.
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 2
Quantum computing with defects
journal, April 2010
- Weber, J. R.; Koehl, W. F.; Varley, J. B.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 107, Issue 19
Demonstration of entanglement-by-measurement of solid-state qubits
journal, October 2012
- Pfaff, Wolfgang; Taminiau, Tim H.; Robledo, Lucio
- Nature Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Electrically Driven Spin Resonance in Silicon Carbide Color Centers
journal, February 2014
- Klimov, P. V.; Falk, A. L.; Buckley, B. B.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 8
Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set
journal, October 1996
- Kresse, G.; Furthmüller, J.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 54, Issue 16, p. 11169-11186
Quantum entanglement between an optical photon and a solid-state spin qubit
journal, August 2010
- Togan, E.; Chu, Y.; Trifonov, A. S.
- Nature, Vol. 466, Issue 7307
Multiatom and transit-time effects on photon-correlation measurements in resonance fluorescence
journal, July 1978
- Kimble, H. J.; Dagenais, M.; Mandel, L.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 18, Issue 1
Quantum Interference of Tunably Indistinguishable Photons from Remote Organic Molecules
journal, March 2010
- Lettow, R.; Rezus, Y. L. A.; Renn, A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 12
Quantum decoherence dynamics of divacancy spins in silicon carbide
journal, September 2016
- Seo, Hosung; Falk, Abram L.; Klimov, Paul V.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Atoms, molecules, solids, and surfaces: Applications of the generalized gradient approximation for exchange and correlation
journal, September 1992
- Perdew, John P.; Chevary, J. A.; Vosko, S. H.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 46, Issue 11
Electron spin decoherence in silicon carbide nuclear spin bath
journal, December 2014
- Yang, Li-Ping; Burk, Christian; Widmann, Matthias
- Physical Review B, Vol. 90, Issue 24
High-fidelity projective read-out of a solid-state spin quantum register
journal, September 2011
- Robledo, Lucio; Childress, Lilian; Bernien, Hannes
- Nature, Vol. 477, Issue 7366
Coherent Optical Transitions in Implanted Nitrogen Vacancy Centers
journal, March 2014
- Chu, Y.; de Leon, N. P.; Shields, B. J.
- Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 4
Room-temperature quantum microwave emitters based on spin defects in silicon carbide
journal, December 2013
- Kraus, H.; Soltamov, V. A.; Riedel, D.
- Nature Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 2
High Q SiC microresonators
journal, January 2013
- Cardenas, Jaime; Zhang, Mian; Phare, Christopher T.
- Optics Express, Vol. 21, Issue 14
Properties of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond: the group theoretic approach
journal, February 2011
- Maze, J. R.; Gali, A.; Togan, E.
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 2
Room temperature coherent control of defect spin qubits in silicon carbide
journal, November 2011
- Koehl, William F.; Buckley, Bob B.; Heremans, F. Joseph
- Nature, Vol. 479, Issue 7371
Electrically and Mechanically Tunable Electron Spins in Silicon Carbide Color Centers
journal, May 2014
- Falk, Abram L.; Klimov, Paul V.; Buckley, Bob B.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 18
Theoretical model of dynamic spin polarization of nuclei coupled to paramagnetic point defects in diamond and silicon carbide
journal, September 2015
- Ivády, Viktor; Szász, Krisztián; Falk, Abram L.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 92, Issue 11
Visible Photoluminescence from Cubic (3C) Silicon Carbide Microdisks Coupled to High Quality Whispering Gallery Modes
journal, December 2014
- Radulaski, Marina; Babinec, Thomas M.; Müller, Kai
- ACS Photonics, Vol. 2, Issue 1
Coherent properties of single rare-earth spin qubits
journal, May 2014
- Siyushev, P.; Xia, K.; Reuter, R.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1
A T 5 spin–lattice relaxation rate for non-Kramers ions
journal, June 1968
- Walker, M. B.
- Canadian Journal of Physics, Vol. 46, Issue 11
Electronic structure of the N- V center in diamond: Theory
journal, May 1996
- Lenef, A.; Rand, S. C.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 53, Issue 20
Optical detection of a single rare-earth ion in a crystal
journal, January 2012
- Kolesov, R.; Xia, K.; Reuter, R.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Fabrication of thin diamond membranes for photonic applications
journal, March 2013
- Lee, Jonathan C.; Magyar, Andrew P.; Bracher, David O.
- Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 33
Bulk Growth of Large Area SiC Crystals
journal, May 2016
- Powell, Adrian R.; Sumakeris, Joseph J.; Khlebnikov, Yuri
- Materials Science Forum, Vol. 858
Coherence of nitrogen-vacancy electronic spin ensembles in diamond
journal, November 2010
- Stanwix, P. L.; Pham, L. M.; Maze, J. R.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 82, Issue 20