Response to marine cloud brightening in a multi-model ensemble
Abstract
In this paper we show results from Earth system model simulations from the marine cloud brightening experiment G4cdnc of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP). The nine contributing models prescribe a 50 % increase in the cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) of low clouds over the global oceans in an experiment dubbed G4cdnc, with the purpose of counteracting the radiative forcing due to anthropogenic greenhouse gases under the RCP4.5 scenario. The model ensemble median effective radiative forcing (ERF) amounts to –1.9 Wm–2, with a substantial inter-model spread of –0.6 to –2.5 Wm–2. The large spread is partly related to the considerable differences in clouds and their representation between the models, with an underestimation of low clouds in several of the models. All models predict a statistically significant temperature decrease with a median of (for years 2020–2069) –0.96 [–0.17 to –1.21] K relative to the RCP4.5 scenario, with particularly strong cooling over low-latitude continents. Globally averaged there is a weak but significant precipitation decrease of –2.35 [–0.57 to –2.96]% due to a colder climate, but at low latitudes there is a 1.19 % increase over land. This increase is part of a circulation change where a strong negative top-of-atmosphere (TOA) shortwavemore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[4];
[8];
[12];
- CICERO Center for International Climate and Environmental Research Oslo, Oslo (Norway); Univ. of Oslo, Oslo (Norway)
- Univ. of Oslo, Oslo (Norway)
- Univ. of Oslo, Oslo (Norway); Stockholm Univ., Stockholm (Sweden)
- Stockholm Univ., Stockholm (Sweden)
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Victoria (Canada)
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing (China)
- Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter (United Kingdom)
- Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart (Australia)
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing (China); Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing (China); Univ. of Lapland, Rovaniemi (Finland)
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg (Germany)
- Univ. of Tasmania, Hobart (Australia)
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama (Japan)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1418330
- Report Number(s):
- PNNL-SA-127576
Journal ID: ISSN 1680-7324
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-76RL01830
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online); Journal Volume: 18; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1680-7324
- Publisher:
- European Geosciences Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Citation Formats
Stjern, Camilla W., Muri, Helene, Ahlm, Lars, Boucher, Olivier, Cole, Jason N. S., Ji, Duoying, Jones, Andy, Haywood, Jim, Kravitz, Ben, Lenton, Andrew, Moore, John C., Niemeier, Ulrike, Phipps, Steven J., Schmidt, Hauke, Watanabe, Shingo, and Kristjansson, Jon Egill. Response to marine cloud brightening in a multi-model ensemble. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.5194/acp-18-621-2018.
Stjern, Camilla W., Muri, Helene, Ahlm, Lars, Boucher, Olivier, Cole, Jason N. S., Ji, Duoying, Jones, Andy, Haywood, Jim, Kravitz, Ben, Lenton, Andrew, Moore, John C., Niemeier, Ulrike, Phipps, Steven J., Schmidt, Hauke, Watanabe, Shingo, & Kristjansson, Jon Egill. Response to marine cloud brightening in a multi-model ensemble. United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-621-2018
Stjern, Camilla W., Muri, Helene, Ahlm, Lars, Boucher, Olivier, Cole, Jason N. S., Ji, Duoying, Jones, Andy, Haywood, Jim, Kravitz, Ben, Lenton, Andrew, Moore, John C., Niemeier, Ulrike, Phipps, Steven J., Schmidt, Hauke, Watanabe, Shingo, and Kristjansson, Jon Egill. Fri .
"Response to marine cloud brightening in a multi-model ensemble". United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-621-2018. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1418330.
@article{osti_1418330,
title = {Response to marine cloud brightening in a multi-model ensemble},
author = {Stjern, Camilla W. and Muri, Helene and Ahlm, Lars and Boucher, Olivier and Cole, Jason N. S. and Ji, Duoying and Jones, Andy and Haywood, Jim and Kravitz, Ben and Lenton, Andrew and Moore, John C. and Niemeier, Ulrike and Phipps, Steven J. and Schmidt, Hauke and Watanabe, Shingo and Kristjansson, Jon Egill},
abstractNote = {In this paper we show results from Earth system model simulations from the marine cloud brightening experiment G4cdnc of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP). The nine contributing models prescribe a 50 % increase in the cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) of low clouds over the global oceans in an experiment dubbed G4cdnc, with the purpose of counteracting the radiative forcing due to anthropogenic greenhouse gases under the RCP4.5 scenario. The model ensemble median effective radiative forcing (ERF) amounts to –1.9 Wm–2, with a substantial inter-model spread of –0.6 to –2.5 Wm–2. The large spread is partly related to the considerable differences in clouds and their representation between the models, with an underestimation of low clouds in several of the models. All models predict a statistically significant temperature decrease with a median of (for years 2020–2069) –0.96 [–0.17 to –1.21] K relative to the RCP4.5 scenario, with particularly strong cooling over low-latitude continents. Globally averaged there is a weak but significant precipitation decrease of –2.35 [–0.57 to –2.96]% due to a colder climate, but at low latitudes there is a 1.19 % increase over land. This increase is part of a circulation change where a strong negative top-of-atmosphere (TOA) shortwave forcing over subtropical oceans, caused by increased albedo associated with the increasing CDNC, is compensated for by rising motion and positive TOA longwave signals over adjacent land regions.},
doi = {10.5194/acp-18-621-2018},
journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)},
number = 2,
volume = 18,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Jan 19 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Fri Jan 19 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}
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