Contrasting behavior of covalent and molecular carbon allotropes exposed to extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray free-electron laser radiation

doi:10.1103/physrevb.96.214101

Title: Contrasting behavior of covalent and molecular carbon allotropes exposed to extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray free-electron laser radiation

Abstract

All carbon materials, e.g., amorphous carbon (a-C) coatings and C ₆₀ fullerene thin films, play an important role in short-wavelength free-electron laser (FEL) research motivated by FEL optics development and prospective nanotechnology applications. We investigate responses of a-C and C ₆₀ layers to the extreme ultraviolet (SPring-8 Compact SASE Source in Japan) and soft x-ray (free-electron laser in Hamburg) free-electron laser radiation by Raman spectroscopy, differential interference contrast, and atomic force microscopy. A remarkable difference in the behavior of covalent (a-C) and molecular ( C ₆₀ ) carbonaceous solids is demonstrated under these irradiation conditions. Low thresholds for ablation of a fullerene crystal (estimated to be around 0.15 eV/atom for C ₆₀ vs 0.9 eV/atom for a-C in terms of the absorbed dose) are caused by a low cohesive energy of fullerene crystals. An efficient mechanism of the removal of intact C ₆₀ molecules from the irradiated crystal due to Coulomb repulsion of fullerene-cage cation radicals formed by the ionizing radiation is revealed by a detailed modeling.

Authors:

Toufarová, M. ^[1]; Hájková, V. ^[2]; Chalupský, J. ^[2]; Burian, T. ^[3]; Vacík, J. ^[4]; Vorlíček, V. ^[2]; Vyšín, L. ^[1]; Gaudin, J. ^[5]; Medvedev, N. ^[6]; Ziaja, B. ^[7]; Nagasono, M. ^[8]; Yabashi, M. ^[8]; Sobierajski, R. ^[9]; Krzywinski, J. ^[10]; Sinn, H. ^[11]; Störmer, M. ^[12]; Koláček, K. ^[13]; Tiedtke, K. ^[14]; Toleikis, S. ^[14]; Juha, L. ^[6]

Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Prague (Czech Republic). Inst. of Physics; Czech Technical Univ., Prague (Czech Republic)
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Prague (Czech Republic). Inst. of Physics
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Prague (Czech Republic). Inst. of Physics; Charles Univ., Prague (Czech Republic)
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Prague (Czech Republic). Nuclear Physics Inst.
Univ. of Bordeaux, Talence (France). CELIA Lab.
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Prague (Czech Republic). Inst. of Physics, Inst. of Plasma Physics
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany). Center for Free Electron Laser Science; Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Krakow (Poland). Inst. of Nuclear Physics
RIKEN, Hyogo (Japan). Harima Inst.
Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Warsaw (Poland). Inst. of Physics
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL), Schenefeld (Germany)
Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), (Germany)
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Prague (Czech Republic). Inst. of Plasma Physics
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)

Publication Date:: 2017-12-04

Research Org.:: SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1417299

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; 14-29772S; LM2015083; CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001552; LG15013

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review B

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 96; Journal Issue: 21; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9950

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats


                    Toufarová, M., Hájková, V., Chalupský, J., Burian, T., Vacík, J., Vorlíček, V., Vyšín, L., Gaudin, J., Medvedev, N., Ziaja, B., Nagasono, M., Yabashi, M., Sobierajski, R., Krzywinski, J., Sinn, H., Störmer, M., Koláček, K., Tiedtke, K., Toleikis, S., and Juha, L. Contrasting behavior of covalent and molecular carbon allotropes exposed to extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray free-electron laser radiation.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
        Web.  doi:10.1103/physrevb.96.214101.

Copy to clipboard


                    Toufarová, M., Hájková, V., Chalupský, J., Burian, T., Vacík, J., Vorlíček, V., Vyšín, L., Gaudin, J., Medvedev, N., Ziaja, B., Nagasono, M., Yabashi, M., Sobierajski, R., Krzywinski, J., Sinn, H., Störmer, M., Koláček, K., Tiedtke, K., Toleikis, S., & Juha, L. Contrasting behavior of covalent and molecular carbon allotropes exposed to extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray free-electron laser radiation.  United States.  doi:10.1103/physrevb.96.214101.

Copy to clipboard


                    Toufarová, M., Hájková, V., Chalupský, J., Burian, T., Vacík, J., Vorlíček, V., Vyšín, L., Gaudin, J., Medvedev, N., Ziaja, B., Nagasono, M., Yabashi, M., Sobierajski, R., Krzywinski, J., Sinn, H., Störmer, M., Koláček, K., Tiedtke, K., Toleikis, S., and Juha, L. Mon .  
        "Contrasting behavior of covalent and molecular carbon allotropes exposed to extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray free-electron laser radiation".  United States.  doi:10.1103/physrevb.96.214101.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1417299.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1417299,

  title        = {Contrasting behavior of covalent and molecular carbon allotropes exposed to extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray free-electron laser radiation},

  author       = {Toufarová, M. and Hájková, V. and Chalupský, J. and Burian, T. and Vacík, J. and Vorlíček, V. and Vyšín, L. and Gaudin, J. and Medvedev, N. and Ziaja, B. and Nagasono, M. and Yabashi, M. and Sobierajski, R. and Krzywinski, J. and Sinn, H. and Störmer, M. and Koláček, K. and Tiedtke, K. and Toleikis, S. and Juha, L.},

  abstractNote = {All carbon materials, e.g., amorphous carbon (a-C) coatings and C 60 fullerene thin films, play an important role in short-wavelength free-electron laser (FEL) research motivated by FEL optics development and prospective nanotechnology applications. We investigate responses of a-C and C 60 layers to the extreme ultraviolet (SPring-8 Compact SASE Source in Japan) and soft x-ray (free-electron laser in Hamburg) free-electron laser radiation by Raman spectroscopy, differential interference contrast, and atomic force microscopy. A remarkable difference in the behavior of covalent (a-C) and molecular ( C 60 ) carbonaceous solids is demonstrated under these irradiation conditions. Low thresholds for ablation of a fullerene crystal (estimated to be around 0.15 eV/atom for C 60 vs 0.9 eV/atom for a-C in terms of the absorbed dose) are caused by a low cohesive energy of fullerene crystals. An efficient mechanism of the removal of intact C 60 molecules from the irradiated crystal due to Coulomb repulsion of fullerene-cage cation radicals formed by the ionizing radiation is revealed by a detailed modeling.},

  doi          = {10.1103/physrevb.96.214101},

  journal      = {Physical Review B},

  number       = 21,

  volume       = 96,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2017},

  month        = {12}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.96.214101

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 1 work

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

X-Ray Interactions: Photoabsorption, Scattering, Transmission, and Reflection at E = 50-30,000 eV, Z = 1-92
journal, July 1993

Henke, B. L.; Gullikson, E. M.; Davis, J. C.
Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, Vol. 54, Issue 2, p. 181-342
DOI: 10.1006/adnd.1993.1013

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Two-photon absorption of soft X-ray free electron laser radiation by graphite near the carbon K-absorption edge

Journal Article Lam, Royce K. ; Raj, Sumana L. ; Pascal, Tod A. ; ... - Chemical Physics Letters

We have examined the transmission of soft X-ray pulses from the FERMI free electron laser through carbon films of varying thickness, quantifying nonlinear effects of pulses above and below the carbon K-edge. At typical of soft X-ray free electron laser intensities, pulses exhibit linear absorption at photon energies above and below the K-edge, ~308 and ~260 eV, respectively; whereas two-photon absorption becomes significant slightly below the K-edge, ~284.2 eV. The measured two-photon absorption cross section at 284.18 eV (~6 × 10-48cm4s) is 7 orders of magnitude above what is expected from a simple theory based on hydrogen-like atoms - amore » result of resonance effects.« less
DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.05.021

Full Text Available
Two-photon absorption of soft X-ray free electron laser radiation by graphite near the carbon K-absorption edge

Journal Article Lam, Royce K. ; Raj, Sumana L. ; Pascal, Tod A. ; ... - Chemical Physics Letters

Here, we have examined the transmission of soft X-ray pulses from the FERMI free electron laser through carbon films of varying thickness, quantifying nonlinear effects of pulses above and below the carbon K-edge. At typical of soft X-ray free electron laser intensities, pulses exhibit linear absorption at photon energies above and below the K-edge, ~308 and ~260 eV, respectively; whereas two-photon absorption becomes significant slightly below the K-edge, ~284.2 eV. The measured two-photon absorption cross section at 284.18 eV (~6 × 10 ^–48 cm ⁴ s) is 7 orders of magnitude above what is expected from a simple theory basedmore »« less
DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.05.021

Full Text Available
Saturation of a Ce:Y ₃Al ₅O ₁₂ scintillator response to ultra-short pulses of extreme ultraviolet soft X-ray and X-ray laser radiation

Journal Article Krzywinski, J. ; Andrejczuk, A. ; Bionta, R. M. ; ... - Optical Materials Express

Investigations of radioluminescence saturation in monocrystalline cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Ce:YAG) exposed to intense extreme ultraviolet (XUV), soft X-ray and X-ray radiation delivered from three free-electron lasers are described in this article. The measurements were performed with wavelengths of 98, 25.6, 13.5 and 0.15 nm. We have found that saturation of the photon yield occurs at an excitation level of 2.0 x 10 ²⁰ eV/cm ³ resulting in an emission of 1.5 x 10 ¹⁸ visible photons per cubic centimeter. This number is much smaller than the concentration of Ce3+ in the scintillator that was equal to 2 xmore »« less
DOI: 10.1364/OME.7.000665

Full Text Available
Extreme ultraviolet resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) at a seeded free-electron laser

Journal Article Dell’Angela, M. ; Hieke, F. ; Malvestuto, M. ; ... - Scientific Reports

In the past few years, we have been witnessing an increased interest for studying materials properties under non-equilibrium conditions. Several well established spectroscopies for experiments in the energy domain have been successfully adapted to the time domain with sub-picosecond time resolution. Here we show the realization of high resolution resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) with a stable ultrashort X-ray source such as an externally seeded free electron laser (FEL). We have designed and constructed a RIXS experimental endstation that allowed us to successfully measure the d-d excitations in KCoF 3 single crystals at the cobalt M 2,3-edge at FERMI FELmore »« less
Cited by 5
DOI: 10.1038/srep38796

Full Text Available
X-ray absorption spectroscopy using a self-seeded soft X-ray free-electron laser

Journal Article Kroll, Thomas ; Kern, Jan ; Kubin, Markus ; ... - Optics Express

X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) enable unprecedented new ways to study the electronic structure and dynamics of transition metal systems. L-edge absorption spectroscopy is a powerful technique for such studies and the feasibility of this method at XFELs for solutions and solids has been demonstrated. But, the required x-ray bandwidth is an order of magnitude narrower than that of self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE), and additional monochromatization is needed. We compare L-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of a prototypical transition metal system based on monochromatizing the SASE radiation of the linac coherent light source (LCLS) with a new technique based onmore »« less
Cited by 4
DOI: 10.1364/OE.24.022469

Full Text Available

Similar Records

Title: Contrasting behavior of covalent and molecular carbon allotropes exposed to extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray free-electron laser radiation

Abstract

Citation Formats

X-Ray Interactions: Photoabsorption, Scattering, Transmission, and Reflection at E = 50-30,000 eV, Z = 1-92 journal, July 1993

X-Ray Interactions: Photoabsorption, Scattering, Transmission, and Reflection at E = 50-30,000 eV, Z = 1-92
journal, July 1993