Contrasting behavior of covalent and molecular carbon allotropes exposed to extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray free-electron laser radiation
Abstract
All carbon materials, e.g., amorphous carbon (a-C) coatings and C 60 fullerene thin films, play an important role in short-wavelength free-electron laser (FEL) research motivated by FEL optics development and prospective nanotechnology applications. We investigate responses of a-C and C 60 layers to the extreme ultraviolet (SPring-8 Compact SASE Source in Japan) and soft x-ray (free-electron laser in Hamburg) free-electron laser radiation by Raman spectroscopy, differential interference contrast, and atomic force microscopy. A remarkable difference in the behavior of covalent (a-C) and molecular ( C 60 ) carbonaceous solids is demonstrated under these irradiation conditions. Low thresholds for ablation of a fullerene crystal (estimated to be around 0.15 eV/atom for C 60 vs 0.9 eV/atom for a-C in terms of the absorbed dose) are caused by a low cohesive energy of fullerene crystals. An efficient mechanism of the removal of intact C 60 molecules from the irradiated crystal due to Coulomb repulsion of fullerene-cage cation radicals formed by the ionizing radiation is revealed by a detailed modeling.
- Authors:
-
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Prague (Czech Republic). Inst. of Physics; Czech Technical Univ., Prague (Czech Republic)
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Prague (Czech Republic). Inst. of Physics
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Prague (Czech Republic). Inst. of Physics; Charles Univ., Prague (Czech Republic)
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Prague (Czech Republic). Nuclear Physics Inst.
- Univ. of Bordeaux, Talence (France). CELIA Lab.
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Prague (Czech Republic). Inst. of Physics, Inst. of Plasma Physics
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany). Center for Free Electron Laser Science; Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Krakow (Poland). Inst. of Nuclear Physics
- RIKEN, Hyogo (Japan). Harima Inst.
- Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Warsaw (Poland). Inst. of Physics
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL), Schenefeld (Germany)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), (Germany)
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Prague (Czech Republic). Inst. of Plasma Physics
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1417299
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-76SF00515; 14-29772S; LM2015083; CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001552; LG15013
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review B
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 96; Journal Issue: 21; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9950
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Citation Formats
Toufarová, M., Hájková, V., Chalupský, J., Burian, T., Vacík, J., Vorlíček, V., Vyšín, L., Gaudin, J., Medvedev, N., Ziaja, B., Nagasono, M., Yabashi, M., Sobierajski, R., Krzywinski, J., Sinn, H., Störmer, M., Koláček, K., Tiedtke, K., Toleikis, S., and Juha, L. Contrasting behavior of covalent and molecular carbon allotropes exposed to extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray free-electron laser radiation. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1103/physrevb.96.214101.
Toufarová, M., Hájková, V., Chalupský, J., Burian, T., Vacík, J., Vorlíček, V., Vyšín, L., Gaudin, J., Medvedev, N., Ziaja, B., Nagasono, M., Yabashi, M., Sobierajski, R., Krzywinski, J., Sinn, H., Störmer, M., Koláček, K., Tiedtke, K., Toleikis, S., & Juha, L. Contrasting behavior of covalent and molecular carbon allotropes exposed to extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray free-electron laser radiation. United States. doi:10.1103/physrevb.96.214101.
Toufarová, M., Hájková, V., Chalupský, J., Burian, T., Vacík, J., Vorlíček, V., Vyšín, L., Gaudin, J., Medvedev, N., Ziaja, B., Nagasono, M., Yabashi, M., Sobierajski, R., Krzywinski, J., Sinn, H., Störmer, M., Koláček, K., Tiedtke, K., Toleikis, S., and Juha, L. Mon .
"Contrasting behavior of covalent and molecular carbon allotropes exposed to extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray free-electron laser radiation". United States. doi:10.1103/physrevb.96.214101. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1417299.
@article{osti_1417299,
title = {Contrasting behavior of covalent and molecular carbon allotropes exposed to extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray free-electron laser radiation},
author = {Toufarová, M. and Hájková, V. and Chalupský, J. and Burian, T. and Vacík, J. and Vorlíček, V. and Vyšín, L. and Gaudin, J. and Medvedev, N. and Ziaja, B. and Nagasono, M. and Yabashi, M. and Sobierajski, R. and Krzywinski, J. and Sinn, H. and Störmer, M. and Koláček, K. and Tiedtke, K. and Toleikis, S. and Juha, L.},
abstractNote = {All carbon materials, e.g., amorphous carbon (a-C) coatings and C 60 fullerene thin films, play an important role in short-wavelength free-electron laser (FEL) research motivated by FEL optics development and prospective nanotechnology applications. We investigate responses of a-C and C 60 layers to the extreme ultraviolet (SPring-8 Compact SASE Source in Japan) and soft x-ray (free-electron laser in Hamburg) free-electron laser radiation by Raman spectroscopy, differential interference contrast, and atomic force microscopy. A remarkable difference in the behavior of covalent (a-C) and molecular ( C 60 ) carbonaceous solids is demonstrated under these irradiation conditions. Low thresholds for ablation of a fullerene crystal (estimated to be around 0.15 eV/atom for C 60 vs 0.9 eV/atom for a-C in terms of the absorbed dose) are caused by a low cohesive energy of fullerene crystals. An efficient mechanism of the removal of intact C 60 molecules from the irradiated crystal due to Coulomb repulsion of fullerene-cage cation radicals formed by the ionizing radiation is revealed by a detailed modeling.},
doi = {10.1103/physrevb.96.214101},
journal = {Physical Review B},
number = 21,
volume = 96,
place = {United States},
year = {2017},
month = {12}
}
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Works referenced in this record:
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journal, June 2014
- Murphy, B. F.; Osipov, T.; Jurek, Z.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Nonthermal phase transitions in semiconductors induced by a femtosecond extreme ultraviolet laser pulse
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- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 1
Operation of a free-electron laser from the extreme ultraviolet to the water window
journal, June 2007
- Ackermann, W.; Asova, G.; Ayvazyan, V.
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 1, Issue 6
Damage of amorphous carbon induced by soft x-ray femtosecond pulses above and below the critical angle
journal, July 2009
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- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 95, Issue 3
A transferable tight-binding potential for carbon
journal, July 1992
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Spontaneous and artificial direct nanostructuring of solid surface by extreme ultraviolet laser with nanosecond pulses
journal, November 2015
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- Laser and Particle Beams, Vol. 34, Issue 1
Electron-ion coupling in semiconductors beyond Fermi's golden rule
journal, January 2017
- Medvedev, Nikita; Li, Zheng; Tkachenko, Victor
- Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 1
Inverse bremsstrahlung cross section estimated within evolving plasmas using effective ion potentials
journal, June 2009
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- Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 75, Issue 3
Excimer-laser-induced electric conductivity in thin-film C60
journal, July 1993
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- Applied Physics A Solids and Surfaces, Vol. 57, Issue 1
Single-shot soft x-ray laser-induced ablative microstructuring of organic polymer with demagnifying projection
journal, January 2008
- Mocek, T.; Rus, B.; Kozlová, M.
- Optics Letters, Vol. 33, Issue 10
Experimental set-up and procedures for the investigation of XUV free electron laser interactions with solids
journal, February 2013
- Sobierajski, R.; Jurek, M.; Chalupský, J.
- Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 8, Issue 02
Crystal structure and bonding of ordered C60
journal, September 1991
- David, William I. F.; Ibberson, Richard M.; Matthewman, Judy C.
- Nature, Vol. 353, Issue 6340
Amorphous to crystalline phase transition in carbon induced by intense femtosecond x-ray free-electron laser pulses
journal, July 2012
- Gaudin, J.; Peyrusse, O.; Chalupský, J.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 86, Issue 2
Non-thermal desorption/ablation of molecular solids induced by ultra-short soft x-ray pulses
journal, December 2008
- Chalupský, J.; Juha, L.; Hájková, V.
- Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 1
X-Ray Interactions: Photoabsorption, Scattering, Transmission, and Reflection at E = 50-30,000 eV, Z = 1-92
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- Henke, B. L.; Gullikson, E. M.; Davis, J. C.
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Exponential Gain and Saturation of a Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission Free-Electron Laser
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A compact free-electron laser for generating coherent radiation in the extreme ultraviolet region
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Extended tight-binding potential for modelling intertube interactions in carbon nanotubes
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- Nanotechnology, Vol. 18, Issue 6
Investigations on the behaviour of C60 as a resist in X-ray lithography
journal, January 2005
- Klesper, H.; Baumann, R.; Bargon, J.
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Review of x-ray free-electron laser theory
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- Huang, Zhirong; Kim, Kwang-Je
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Raman spectroscopy of the effect of reactor neutron irradiation on the structure of polycrystalline C60
journal, January 2005
- Braun, Tibor; Rausch, Henrik; Mink, János
- Carbon, Vol. 43, Issue 4
Femtosecond X-ray induced electron kinetics in dielectrics: application for FEL-pulse-duration monitor
journal, January 2015
- Medvedev, Nikita
- Applied Physics B, Vol. 118, Issue 3
Ground state and phase transitions in solid
journal, March 1992
- Lu, Jian Ping; Li, X. -P.; Martin, Richard M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 68, Issue 10
Total reflection amorphous carbon mirrors for vacuum ultraviolet free electron lasers
journal, February 2004
- Steeg, B.; Juha, L.; Feldhaus, J.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 84, Issue 5
Fluence scan: an unexplored property of a laser beam
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- Chalupský, Jaromír; Burian, Tomáš; Hájková, Věra
- Optics Express, Vol. 21, Issue 22
Spot size characterization of focused non-Gaussian X-ray laser beams
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Thermal stability of solid
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- Physical Review B, Vol. 55, Issue 1
Preservation of far-UV aluminum reflectance by means of overcoating with C_60 films
journal, January 2000
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- Applied Optics, Vol. 39, Issue 1
Works referencing / citing this record:
X-Ray Interactions: Photoabsorption, Scattering, Transmission, and Reflection at E = 50-30,000 eV, Z = 1-92
journal, July 1993
- Henke, B. L.; Gullikson, E. M.; Davis, J. C.
- Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, Vol. 54, Issue 2, p. 181-342
Excimer-laser-induced electric conductivity in thin-film C60
journal, July 1993
- Phillips, H. M.; Sarkar, D.; Halas, N. J.
- Applied Physics A Solids and Surfaces, Vol. 57, Issue 1
Investigations on the behaviour of C60 as a resist in X-ray lithography
journal, January 2005
- Klesper, H.; Baumann, R.; Bargon, J.
- Applied Physics A, Vol. 80, Issue 7
Femtosecond X-ray induced electron kinetics in dielectrics: application for FEL-pulse-duration monitor
journal, January 2015
- Medvedev, Nikita
- Applied Physics B, Vol. 118, Issue 3
Raman spectroscopy of the effect of reactor neutron irradiation on the structure of polycrystalline C60
journal, January 2005
- Braun, Tibor; Rausch, Henrik; Mink, János
- Carbon, Vol. 43, Issue 4
Inverse bremsstrahlung cross section estimated within evolving plasmas using effective ion potentials
journal, June 2009
- Wang, F.; Weckert, E.; Ziaja, B.
- Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 75, Issue 3
Spontaneous and artificial direct nanostructuring of solid surface by extreme ultraviolet laser with nanosecond pulses
journal, November 2015
- Kolacek, K.; Schmidt, J.; Straus, J.
- Laser and Particle Beams, Vol. 34, Issue 1
Crystal structure and bonding of ordered C60
journal, September 1991
- David, William I. F.; Ibberson, Richard M.; Matthewman, Judy C.
- Nature, Vol. 353, Issue 6340
Femtosecond X-ray-induced explosion of C60 at extreme intensity
journal, June 2014
- Murphy, B. F.; Osipov, T.; Jurek, Z.
- Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Operation of a free-electron laser from the extreme ultraviolet to the water window
journal, June 2007
- Ackermann, W.; Asova, G.; Ayvazyan, V.
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 1, Issue 6
A compact free-electron laser for generating coherent radiation in the extreme ultraviolet region
journal, July 2008
- Shintake, Tsumoru; Tanaka, Hitoshi; Hara, Toru
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 2, Issue 9
Total reflection amorphous carbon mirrors for vacuum ultraviolet free electron lasers
journal, February 2004
- Steeg, B.; Juha, L.; Feldhaus, J.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 84, Issue 5
Damage of amorphous carbon induced by soft x-ray femtosecond pulses above and below the critical angle
journal, July 2009
- Chalupský, J.; Hájková, V.; Altapova, V.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 95, Issue 3
A transferable tight-binding potential for carbon
journal, July 1992
- Xu, C. H.; Wang, C. Z.; Chan, C. T.
- Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 4, Issue 28
Extended tight-binding potential for modelling intertube interactions in carbon nanotubes
journal, January 2007
- Carlson, A.; Dumitrică, T.
- Nanotechnology, Vol. 18, Issue 6
Nonthermal phase transitions in semiconductors induced by a femtosecond extreme ultraviolet laser pulse
journal, January 2013
- Medvedev, Nikita; Jeschke, Harald O.; Ziaja, Beata
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 1
Experimental set-up and procedures for the investigation of XUV free electron laser interactions with solids
journal, February 2013
- Sobierajski, R.; Jurek, M.; Chalupský, J.
- Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 8, Issue 02
Thermal stability of solid
journal, January 1997
- Stetzer, M. R.; Heiney, P. A.; Fischer, J. E.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 55, Issue 1
Amorphous to crystalline phase transition in carbon induced by intense femtosecond x-ray free-electron laser pulses
journal, July 2012
- Gaudin, J.; Peyrusse, O.; Chalupský, J.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 86, Issue 2
Electron-ion coupling in semiconductors beyond Fermi's golden rule
journal, January 2017
- Medvedev, Nikita; Li, Zheng; Tkachenko, Victor
- Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 1
Ground state and phase transitions in solid
journal, March 1992
- Lu, Jian Ping; Li, X. -P.; Martin, Richard M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 68, Issue 10
Review of x-ray free-electron laser theory
journal, March 2007
- Huang, Zhirong; Kim, Kwang-Je
- Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 10, Issue 3
Exponential Gain and Saturation of a Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission Free-Electron Laser
journal, May 2001
- Milton, S. V.
- Science, Vol. 292, Issue 5524
Preservation of far-UV aluminum reflectance by means of overcoating with C_60 films
journal, January 2000
- Méndez, José A.; Larruquert, Juan I.; Aznárez, José A.
- Applied Optics, Vol. 39, Issue 1
Non-thermal desorption/ablation of molecular solids induced by ultra-short soft x-ray pulses
journal, December 2008
- Chalupský, J.; Juha, L.; Hájková, V.
- Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 1
Spot size characterization of focused non-Gaussian X-ray laser beams
journal, January 2010
- Chalupský, J.; Krzywinski, J.; Juha, L.
- Optics Express, Vol. 18, Issue 26
Fluence scan: an unexplored property of a laser beam
journal, January 2013
- Chalupský, Jaromír; Burian, Tomáš; Hájková, Věra
- Optics Express, Vol. 21, Issue 22
Single-shot soft x-ray laser-induced ablative microstructuring of organic polymer with demagnifying projection
journal, January 2008
- Mocek, T.; Rus, B.; Kozlová, M.
- Optics Letters, Vol. 33, Issue 10
Contrasting behavior of covalent and molecular carbon allotropes exposed to extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray free-electron laser radiation
text, January 2017
- Toufarová, M.; Hájková, V.; Chalupský, J.
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Controlled strong excitation of silicon as a step towards processing materials at sub-nanometer precision
journal, November 2019
- Dinh, Thanh-Hung; Medvedev, Nikita; Ishino, Masahiko
- Communications Physics, Vol. 2, Issue 1
Controlled strong excitation of silicon as a step towards processing materials at sub-nanometer precision
journal, November 2019
- Dinh, Thanh-Hung; Medvedev, Nikita; Ishino, Masahiko
- Communications Physics, Vol. 2, Issue 1
Thermal and nonthermal melting of III-V compound semiconductors
journal, April 2019
- Medvedev, Nikita; Fang, Zhaoji; Xia, Chenyi
- Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 14
Various damage mechanisms in carbon and silicon materials under femtosecond X-ray irradiation
text, January 2018
- Medvedev, Nikita; Tkachenko, Viktor; Lipp, Vladimir
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg