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Title: Tree Mortality Decreases Water Availability and Ecosystem Resilience to Drought in Piñon-Juniper Woodlands in the Southwestern U.S.

Abstract

Climate-driven tree mortality has increased globally in response to warmer temperature and more severe drought. To examine how tree mortality in semiarid biomes impacts surface water balance, we experimentally manipulated a piñon-juniper (PJ) woodland by girdling all adult piñon trees in a 4 ha area, decreasing piñon basal area by ~65%. Over 3.5 years (2009–2013), we compared water flux measurements from this girdled site with those from a nearby intact PJ woodland. Before and after girdling, the ratio of evapotranspiration (ET) to incoming precipitation was similar between the two sites. Girdling altered the partitioning of ET such that the contribution of canopy transpiration to ET decreased 9–14% over the study period, relative to the intact control, while noncanopy ET increased. We attributed the elevated noncanopy ET in the girdled site each year to winter increases in sublimation and summer increases in both soil evaporation and below-canopy transpiration. Although we expected that mortality of a canopy dominant would increase the availability of water and other resources to surviving vegetation, we observed a decrease in both soil volumetric water content and sap flow rates in the remaining trees at the girdled site, relative to the control. Furthermore, this postgirdling decrease in themore » performance of the remaining trees occurred during the severe 2011–2012 drought, suggesting that piñon mortality may trigger feedback mechanisms that leave PJ woodlands drier relative to undisturbed sites and potentially more vulnerable to drought.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [6]; ORCiD logo [2]
  1. Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States); Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada)
  2. Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
  3. Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  4. Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
  5. Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
  6. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1417176
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-17-31286
Journal ID: ISSN 2169-8953; TRN: US1801005
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-06NA25396
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 122; Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-8953
Publisher:
American Geophysical Union
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
58 GEOSCIENCES; 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Earth Sciences

Citation Formats

Morillas, Laura, Pangle, Robert E., Maurer, Gregory E., Pockman, William T., McDowell, Nathan, Huang, Cheng -Wei, Krofcheck, Daniel J., Fox, Andrew M., Sinsabaugh, Robert L., Rahn, Thomas A., and Litvak, Marcy E. Tree Mortality Decreases Water Availability and Ecosystem Resilience to Drought in Piñon-Juniper Woodlands in the Southwestern U.S.. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1002/2017JG004095.
Morillas, Laura, Pangle, Robert E., Maurer, Gregory E., Pockman, William T., McDowell, Nathan, Huang, Cheng -Wei, Krofcheck, Daniel J., Fox, Andrew M., Sinsabaugh, Robert L., Rahn, Thomas A., & Litvak, Marcy E. Tree Mortality Decreases Water Availability and Ecosystem Resilience to Drought in Piñon-Juniper Woodlands in the Southwestern U.S.. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004095
Morillas, Laura, Pangle, Robert E., Maurer, Gregory E., Pockman, William T., McDowell, Nathan, Huang, Cheng -Wei, Krofcheck, Daniel J., Fox, Andrew M., Sinsabaugh, Robert L., Rahn, Thomas A., and Litvak, Marcy E. Fri . "Tree Mortality Decreases Water Availability and Ecosystem Resilience to Drought in Piñon-Juniper Woodlands in the Southwestern U.S.". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004095. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1417176.
@article{osti_1417176,
title = {Tree Mortality Decreases Water Availability and Ecosystem Resilience to Drought in Piñon-Juniper Woodlands in the Southwestern U.S.},
author = {Morillas, Laura and Pangle, Robert E. and Maurer, Gregory E. and Pockman, William T. and McDowell, Nathan and Huang, Cheng -Wei and Krofcheck, Daniel J. and Fox, Andrew M. and Sinsabaugh, Robert L. and Rahn, Thomas A. and Litvak, Marcy E.},
abstractNote = {Climate-driven tree mortality has increased globally in response to warmer temperature and more severe drought. To examine how tree mortality in semiarid biomes impacts surface water balance, we experimentally manipulated a piñon-juniper (PJ) woodland by girdling all adult piñon trees in a 4 ha area, decreasing piñon basal area by ~65%. Over 3.5 years (2009–2013), we compared water flux measurements from this girdled site with those from a nearby intact PJ woodland. Before and after girdling, the ratio of evapotranspiration (ET) to incoming precipitation was similar between the two sites. Girdling altered the partitioning of ET such that the contribution of canopy transpiration to ET decreased 9–14% over the study period, relative to the intact control, while noncanopy ET increased. We attributed the elevated noncanopy ET in the girdled site each year to winter increases in sublimation and summer increases in both soil evaporation and below-canopy transpiration. Although we expected that mortality of a canopy dominant would increase the availability of water and other resources to surviving vegetation, we observed a decrease in both soil volumetric water content and sap flow rates in the remaining trees at the girdled site, relative to the control. Furthermore, this postgirdling decrease in the performance of the remaining trees occurred during the severe 2011–2012 drought, suggesting that piñon mortality may trigger feedback mechanisms that leave PJ woodlands drier relative to undisturbed sites and potentially more vulnerable to drought.},
doi = {10.1002/2017JG004095},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences},
number = 12,
volume = 122,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Nov 17 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Fri Nov 17 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}

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Aridity drives spatiotemporal patterns of masting across the latitudinal range of a dryland conifer
journal, April 2020

  • Wion, Andreas P.; Weisberg, Peter J.; Pearse, Ian S.
  • Ecography, Vol. 43, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1111/ecog.04856

Dead or dying? Quantifying the point of no return from hydraulic failure in drought‐induced tree mortality
journal, April 2019

  • Hammond, William M.; Yu, Kailiang; Wilson, Luke A.
  • New Phytologist, Vol. 223, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1111/nph.15922

Coupling between the terrestrial carbon and water cycles-a review
text, January 2019