DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy of metalloproteins and high-valent metal-complexes at room temperature using free-electron lasers

Abstract

X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the L-edge of 3d transition metals provides unique information on the local metal charge and spin states by directly probing 3d-derived molecular orbitals through 2p-3d transitions. But, this soft x-ray technique has been rarely used at synchrotron facilities for mechanistic studies of metalloenzymes due to the difficulties of x-ray-induced sample damage and strong background signals from light elements that can dominate the low metal signal. Here, we combine femtosecond soft x-ray pulses from a free-electron laser with a novel x-ray fluorescence-yield spectrometer to overcome these difficulties. We present L-edge absorption spectra of inorganic high-valent Mn complexes (Mn ~ 6-15 mmol/l) with no visible effects of radiation damage. We then present the first L-edge absorption spectra of the oxygen evolving complex (Mn 4 CaO 5 ) in Photosystem II (Mn < 1 mmol/l) at room temperature, measured under similar conditions. Our approach opens new ways to study metalloenzymes under functional conditions.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [3];  [5];  [3];  [6];  [1];  [1];  [5];  [5];  [7];  [8];  [6];  [4];  [9];  [6];  [6];  [6] more »;  [6];  [6];  [6];  [10];  [11];  [12];  [12];  [12];  [12];  [13];  [13];  [13];  [12];  [14];  [5];  [15];  [7];  [1];  [3];  [3];  [1] « less
  1. Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin for Materials and Energy, Berlin (Germany). Inst. for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research
  2. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  3. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  4. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
  5. Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin for Materials and Energy, Berlin (Germany). Inst. for Nanometre Optics and Technology
  6. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source
  7. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford PULSE Inst.
  8. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source, Stanford PULSE Inst.
  9. Synchrotron SOLEIL, St. Aubin (France)
  10. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford PULSE Inst.; Umea Univ. (Sweden). Inst. for Chemistry, Chemical Biological Center
  11. Umea Univ. (Sweden). Inst. for Chemistry, Chemical Biological Center
  12. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
  13. Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
  14. Umea Univ. (Sweden). Inst. of Chemistry, Centre for Biological Chemistry; Uppsala Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Chemistry, Molecular Biomimetics
  15. Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin for Materials and Energy, Berlin (Germany). Inst. for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research; Univ. of Potsdam (Germany). Inst. for Physics and Astronomy
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
OSTI Identifier:
1416916
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1378120
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Structural Dynamics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 4; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 2329-7778
Publisher:
American Crystallographic Association/AIP
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Citation Formats

Kubin, Markus, Kern, Jan, Gul, Sheraz, Kroll, Thomas, Chatterjee, Ruchira, Löchel, Heike, Fuller, Franklin D., Sierra, Raymond G., Quevedo, Wilson, Weniger, Christian, Rehanek, Jens, Firsov, Anatoly, Laksmono, Hartawan, Weninger, Clemens, Alonso-Mori, Roberto, Nordlund, Dennis L., Lassalle-Kaiser, Benedikt, Glownia, James M., Krzywinski, Jacek, Moeller, Stefan, Turner, Joshua J., Minitti, Michael P., Dakovski, Georgi L., Koroidov, Sergey, Kawde, Anurag, Kanady, Jacob S., Tsui, Emily Y., Suseno, Sandy, Han, Zhiji, Hill, Ethan, Taguchi, Taketo, Borovik, Andrew S., Agapie, Theodor, Messinger, Johannes, Erko, Alexei, Föhlisch, Alexander, Bergmann, Uwe, Mitzner, Rolf, Yachandra, Vittal K., Yano, Junko, and Wernet, Philippe. Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy of metalloproteins and high-valent metal-complexes at room temperature using free-electron lasers. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1063/1.4986627.
Kubin, Markus, Kern, Jan, Gul, Sheraz, Kroll, Thomas, Chatterjee, Ruchira, Löchel, Heike, Fuller, Franklin D., Sierra, Raymond G., Quevedo, Wilson, Weniger, Christian, Rehanek, Jens, Firsov, Anatoly, Laksmono, Hartawan, Weninger, Clemens, Alonso-Mori, Roberto, Nordlund, Dennis L., Lassalle-Kaiser, Benedikt, Glownia, James M., Krzywinski, Jacek, Moeller, Stefan, Turner, Joshua J., Minitti, Michael P., Dakovski, Georgi L., Koroidov, Sergey, Kawde, Anurag, Kanady, Jacob S., Tsui, Emily Y., Suseno, Sandy, Han, Zhiji, Hill, Ethan, Taguchi, Taketo, Borovik, Andrew S., Agapie, Theodor, Messinger, Johannes, Erko, Alexei, Föhlisch, Alexander, Bergmann, Uwe, Mitzner, Rolf, Yachandra, Vittal K., Yano, Junko, & Wernet, Philippe. Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy of metalloproteins and high-valent metal-complexes at room temperature using free-electron lasers. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4986627
Kubin, Markus, Kern, Jan, Gul, Sheraz, Kroll, Thomas, Chatterjee, Ruchira, Löchel, Heike, Fuller, Franklin D., Sierra, Raymond G., Quevedo, Wilson, Weniger, Christian, Rehanek, Jens, Firsov, Anatoly, Laksmono, Hartawan, Weninger, Clemens, Alonso-Mori, Roberto, Nordlund, Dennis L., Lassalle-Kaiser, Benedikt, Glownia, James M., Krzywinski, Jacek, Moeller, Stefan, Turner, Joshua J., Minitti, Michael P., Dakovski, Georgi L., Koroidov, Sergey, Kawde, Anurag, Kanady, Jacob S., Tsui, Emily Y., Suseno, Sandy, Han, Zhiji, Hill, Ethan, Taguchi, Taketo, Borovik, Andrew S., Agapie, Theodor, Messinger, Johannes, Erko, Alexei, Föhlisch, Alexander, Bergmann, Uwe, Mitzner, Rolf, Yachandra, Vittal K., Yano, Junko, and Wernet, Philippe. Fri . "Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy of metalloproteins and high-valent metal-complexes at room temperature using free-electron lasers". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4986627. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1416916.
@article{osti_1416916,
title = {Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy of metalloproteins and high-valent metal-complexes at room temperature using free-electron lasers},
author = {Kubin, Markus and Kern, Jan and Gul, Sheraz and Kroll, Thomas and Chatterjee, Ruchira and Löchel, Heike and Fuller, Franklin D. and Sierra, Raymond G. and Quevedo, Wilson and Weniger, Christian and Rehanek, Jens and Firsov, Anatoly and Laksmono, Hartawan and Weninger, Clemens and Alonso-Mori, Roberto and Nordlund, Dennis L. and Lassalle-Kaiser, Benedikt and Glownia, James M. and Krzywinski, Jacek and Moeller, Stefan and Turner, Joshua J. and Minitti, Michael P. and Dakovski, Georgi L. and Koroidov, Sergey and Kawde, Anurag and Kanady, Jacob S. and Tsui, Emily Y. and Suseno, Sandy and Han, Zhiji and Hill, Ethan and Taguchi, Taketo and Borovik, Andrew S. and Agapie, Theodor and Messinger, Johannes and Erko, Alexei and Föhlisch, Alexander and Bergmann, Uwe and Mitzner, Rolf and Yachandra, Vittal K. and Yano, Junko and Wernet, Philippe},
abstractNote = {X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the L-edge of 3d transition metals provides unique information on the local metal charge and spin states by directly probing 3d-derived molecular orbitals through 2p-3d transitions. But, this soft x-ray technique has been rarely used at synchrotron facilities for mechanistic studies of metalloenzymes due to the difficulties of x-ray-induced sample damage and strong background signals from light elements that can dominate the low metal signal. Here, we combine femtosecond soft x-ray pulses from a free-electron laser with a novel x-ray fluorescence-yield spectrometer to overcome these difficulties. We present L-edge absorption spectra of inorganic high-valent Mn complexes (Mn ~ 6-15 mmol/l) with no visible effects of radiation damage. We then present the first L-edge absorption spectra of the oxygen evolving complex (Mn 4 CaO 5 ) in Photosystem II (Mn < 1 mmol/l) at room temperature, measured under similar conditions. Our approach opens new ways to study metalloenzymes under functional conditions.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4986627},
journal = {Structural Dynamics},
number = 5,
volume = 4,
place = {United States},
year = {2017},
month = {9}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record

Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 23 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Works referenced in this record:

Imprinting a Focused X-Ray Laser Beam to Measure Its Full Spatial Characteristics
journal, July 2015


Multiplet effects in X-ray spectroscopy
journal, January 2005


On-line mass spectrometry: membrane inlet sampling
journal, August 2009

  • Beckmann, Katrin; Messinger, Johannes; Badger, Murray Ronald
  • Photosynthesis Research, Vol. 102, Issue 2-3
  • DOI: 10.1007/s11120-009-9474-7

Crystal structure of the pristine peroxidase ferryl center and its relevance to proton-coupled electron transfer
journal, January 2016

  • Chreifi, Georges; Baxter, Elizabeth L.; Doukov, Tzanko
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1521664113

Entangled quantum electronic wavefunctions of the Mn4CaO5 cluster in photosystem II
journal, June 2013

  • Kurashige, Yuki; Chan, Garnet Kin-Lic; Yanai, Takeshi
  • Nature Chemistry, Vol. 5, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1677

X-ray emission spectroscopy
journal, August 2009


Natural widths of atomic K and L levels, K α X‐ray lines and several K L L Auger lines
journal, April 1979

  • Krause, M. O.; Oliver, J. H.
  • Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, Vol. 8, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.555595

A combined DFT and restricted open-shell configuration interaction method including spin-orbit coupling: Application to transition metal L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy
journal, May 2013

  • Roemelt, Michael; Maganas, Dimitrios; DeBeer, Serena
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 138, Issue 20
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4804607

Multiplet ligand-field theory using Wannier orbitals
journal, April 2012


Retracted Article: On the enzymatic activity of catalase: an iron L-edge X-ray absorption study of the active centre
journal, January 2010

  • Bergmann, Nora; Bonhommeau, Sébastien; Lange, Kathrin M.
  • Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 18
  • DOI: 10.1039/b924245g

Femtosecond X-ray protein nanocrystallography
journal, February 2011

  • Chapman, Henry N.; Fromme, Petra; Barty, Anton
  • Nature, Vol. 470, Issue 7332, p. 73-77
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature09750

A setup for resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering on liquids at free electron laser light sources
journal, December 2012

  • Kunnus, Kristjan; Rajkovic, Ivan; Schreck, Simon
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4772685

High resolution 1s core hole X-ray spectroscopy in 3d transition metal complexes—electronic and structural information
journal, January 2005


Taking snapshots of photosynthetic water oxidation using femtosecond X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy
journal, July 2014

  • Kern, Jan; Tran, Rosalie; Alonso-Mori, Roberto
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5371

The crystal structure of an oxygen-tolerant hydrogenase uncovers a novel iron-sulphur centre
journal, October 2011

  • Fritsch, Johannes; Scheerer, Patrick; Frielingsdorf, Stefan
  • Nature, Vol. 479, Issue 7372
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature10505

Iron L-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Oxy-Picket Fence Porphyrin: Experimental Insight into Fe–O 2 Bonding
journal, January 2013

  • Wilson, Samuel A.; Kroll, Thomas; Decreau, Richard A.
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja3103583

Drop-on-demand sample delivery for studying biocatalysts in action at X-ray free-electron lasers
journal, February 2017

  • Fuller, Franklin D.; Gul, Sheraz; Chatterjee, Ruchira
  • Nature Methods, Vol. 14, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4195

Simultaneous Femtosecond X-ray Spectroscopy and Diffraction of Photosystem II at Room Temperature
journal, February 2013


Viewing the Valence Electronic Structure of Ferric and Ferrous Hexacyanide in Solution from the Fe and Cyanide Perspectives
journal, July 2016

  • Kunnus, Kristjan; Zhang, Wenkai; Delcey, Mickaël G.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 120, Issue 29
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b04751

Serial time-resolved crystallography of photosystem II using a femtosecond X-ray laser
journal, July 2014

  • Kupitz, Christopher; Basu, Shibom; Grotjohann, Ingo
  • Nature, Vol. 513, Issue 7517
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature13453

Oxygen Atom Transfer and Oxidative Water Incorporation in Cuboidal Mn 3 MO n Complexes Based on Synthetic, Isotopic Labeling, and Computational Studies
journal, January 2013

  • Kanady, Jacob S.; Mendoza-Cortes, Jose L.; Tsui, Emily Y.
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja310022p

Determination of damage-free crystal structure of an X-ray–sensitive protein using an XFEL
journal, May 2014

  • Hirata, Kunio; Shinzawa-Itoh, Kyoko; Yano, Naomine
  • Nature Methods, Vol. 11, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2962

Potential for biomolecular imaging with femtosecond X-ray pulses
journal, August 2000

  • Neutze, Richard; Wouts, Remco; van der Spoel, David
  • Nature, Vol. 406, Issue 6797
  • DOI: 10.1038/35021099

Energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy using an X-ray free-electron laser in a shot-by-shot mode
journal, November 2012

  • Alonso-Mori, R.; Kern, J.; Gildea, R. J.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 109, Issue 47, p. 19103-19107
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1211384109

Effect of Dehydration on Light-Induced Reactions in Photosystem II:  Photoreactions of Cytochrome b559
journal, July 2003

  • Kaminskaya, Olga; Renger, Gernot; Shuvalov, Vladimir A.
  • Biochemistry, Vol. 42, Issue 27
  • DOI: 10.1021/bi020606v

Creation of X-Ray Transparency of Matter by Stimulated Elastic Forward Scattering
journal, September 2015


L-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Dilute Systems Relevant to Metalloproteins Using an X-ray Free-Electron Laser
journal, October 2013

  • Mitzner, Rolf; Rehanek, Jens; Kern, Jan
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 4, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.1021/jz401837f

Intrinsic deviations in fluorescence yield detected x-ray absorption spectroscopy: the case of the transition metal L 2,3 edges
journal, October 2012


Purification, characterisation and crystallisation of photosystem II from Thermosynechococcus elongatus cultivated in a new type of photobioreactor
journal, January 2005

  • Kern, J.; Loll, B.; Lüneberg, C.
  • Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, Vol. 1706, Issue 1-2
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2004.10.007

Structure of photosystem II and substrate binding at room temperature
journal, November 2016

  • Young, Iris D.; Ibrahim, Mohamed; Chatterjee, Ruchira
  • Nature, Vol. 540, Issue 7633
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature20161

Direct Observation of Molecular Orbital Mixing in a Solvated Organometallic Complex
journal, July 2013

  • Suljoti, Edlira; Garcia-Diez, Raul; Bokarev, Sergey I.
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 52, Issue 37
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303310

Recent developments in research on water oxidation by photosystem II
journal, April 2012

  • Dau, Holger; Zaharieva, Ivelina; Haumann, Michael
  • Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, Vol. 16, Issue 1-2
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.02.011

Electron transfer in nitrogenase catalysis
journal, April 2012

  • Seefeldt, Lance C.; Hoffman, Brian M.; Dean, Dennis R.
  • Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, Vol. 16, Issue 1-2
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.02.012

SACLA hard-X-ray compact FEL
journal, July 2012


First lasing and operation of an ångstrom-wavelength free-electron laser
journal, August 2010


Radiation damage in macromolecular crystallography: what is it and why should we care?
journal, March 2010

  • Garman, Elspeth F.
  • Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography, Vol. 66, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1107/S0907444910008656

Mn 4 Ca Cluster in Photosynthesis: Where and How Water is Oxidized to Dioxygen
journal, March 2014

  • Yano, Junko; Yachandra, Vittal
  • Chemical Reviews, Vol. 114, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1021/cr4004874

Native structure of photosystem II at 1.95 Å resolution viewed by femtosecond X-ray pulses
journal, November 2014

  • Suga, Michihiro; Akita, Fusamichi; Hirata, Kunio
  • Nature, Vol. 517, Issue 7532
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature13991

Redox-inactive metals modulate the reduction potential in heterometallic manganese–oxido clusters
journal, March 2013

  • Tsui, Emily Y.; Tran, Rosalie; Yano, Junko
  • Nature Chemistry, Vol. 5, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1578

X-ray two-photon absorption competing against single and sequential multiphoton processes
journal, February 2014

  • Tamasaku, Kenji; Shigemasa, Eiji; Inubushi, Yuichi
  • Nature Photonics, Vol. 8, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2014.10

X-ray damage to the Mn4Ca complex in single crystals of photosystem II: A case study for metalloprotein crystallography
journal, August 2005

  • Yano, J.; Kern, J.; Irrgang, K. -D.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 102, Issue 34
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0505207102

Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays
journal, July 2010


The soft x-ray instrument for materials studies at the linac coherent light source x-ray free-electron laser
journal, April 2012

  • Schlotter, W. F.; Turner, J. J.; Rowen, M.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.3698294

Radiation damage to macromolecules: kill or cure?
journal, February 2015


Ab Initio Calculations of X-ray Spectra: Atomic Multiplet and Molecular Orbital Effects in a Multiconfigurational SCF Approach to the L-Edge Spectra of Transition Metal Complexes
journal, November 2012

  • Josefsson, Ida; Kunnus, Kristjan; Schreck, Simon
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 3, Issue 23
  • DOI: 10.1021/jz301479j

Design and optimization of a parallel spectrometer for ultra-fast X-ray science
journal, January 2014

  • Braig, Christoph; Löchel, Heike; Mitzner, Rolf
  • Optics Express, Vol. 22, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1364/OE.22.012583

Indications of radiation damage in ferredoxin microcrystals using high-intensity X-FEL beams
journal, February 2015

  • Nass, Karol; Foucar, Lutz; Barends, Thomas R. M.
  • Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 22, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1107/S1600577515002349

Ligand field strengths and oxidation states from manganese L-edge spectroscopy
journal, October 1991

  • Cramer, S. P.; DeGroot, F. M. F.; Ma, Y.
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 113, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja00021a018

Photon-in photon-out hard X-ray spectroscopy at the Linac Coherent Light Source
journal, April 2015

  • Alonso-Mori, Roberto; Sokaras, Dimosthenis; Zhu, Diling
  • Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 22, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1107/S1600577515004488

Atomic inner-shell X-ray laser at 1.46 nanometres pumped by an X-ray free-electron laser
journal, January 2012

  • Rohringer, Nina; Ryan, Duncan; London, Richard A.
  • Nature, Vol. 481, Issue 7382
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature10721

COOPERATION OF CHARGES IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC O 2 EVOLUTION–I. A LINEAR FOUR STEP MECHANISM
journal, June 1970


Pulse energy measurement at the SXR instrument
journal, April 2015

  • Moeller, Stefan; Brown, Garth; Dakovski, Georgi
  • Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 22, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1107/S1600577515006098

Restricted active space calculations of L-edge X-ray absorption spectra: From molecular orbitals to multiplet states
journal, September 2014

  • Pinjari, Rahul V.; Delcey, Mickaël G.; Guo, Meiyuan
  • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 141, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4896373

Orbital-specific mapping of the ligand exchange dynamics of Fe(CO)5 in solution
journal, April 2015


X-ray absorption spectroscopy using a self-seeded soft X-ray free-electron laser
journal, January 2016

  • Kroll, Thomas; Kern, Jan; Kubin, Markus
  • Optics Express, Vol. 24, Issue 20
  • DOI: 10.1364/OE.24.022469

A close look at dose: Toward L-edge XAS spectral uniformity, dose quantification and prediction of metal ion photoreduction
journal, January 2015


Photosynthetic O2 Formation Tracked by Time-Resolved X-ray Experiments
journal, November 2005


Gas dynamic virtual nozzle for generation of microscopic droplet streams
journal, September 2008

  • DePonte, D. P.; Weierstall, U.; Schmidt, K.
  • Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 41, Issue 19, Article No. 195505
  • DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/41/19/195505

Nanoflow electrospinning serial femtosecond crystallography
journal, October 2012

  • Sierra, Raymond G.; Laksmono, Hartawan; Kern, Jan
  • Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography, Vol. 68, Issue 11, p. 1584-1587
  • DOI: 10.1107/S0907444912038152

Works referencing / citing this record:

Chemical interactions and dynamics with femtosecond X-ray spectroscopy and the role of X-ray free-electron lasers
journal, April 2019

  • Wernet, Philippe
  • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 377, Issue 2145
  • DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0464

The Potential of EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB for Radiation Based Techniques
journal, March 2019

  • Balerna, Antonella; Bartocci, Samanta; Batignani, Giovanni
  • Condensed Matter, Vol. 4, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3390/condmat4010030

Chemical interactions and dynamics with femtosecond X-ray spectroscopy and the role of X-ray free-electron lasers
text, January 2019


Probing the oxidation state of transition metal complexes
text, January 2019