Relativistic Fluid Dynamics Far From Local Equilibrium

Romatschke, Paul

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.012301

Title: Relativistic Fluid Dynamics Far From Local Equilibrium

Abstract

Fluid dynamics is traditionally thought to apply only to systems near local equilibrium. In this case, the effective theory of fluid dynamics can be constructed as a gradient series. Recent applications of resurgence suggest that this gradient series diverges, but can be Borel resummed, giving rise to a hydrodynamic attractor solution which is well defined even for large gradients. As a result, arbitrary initial data quickly approaches this attractor via nonhydrodynamic mode decay. This suggests the existence of a new theory of far-from-equilibrium fluid dynamics. In this Letter, the framework of fluid dynamics far from local equilibrium for a conformal system is introduced, and the hydrodynamic attractor solutions for resummed Baier-Romatschke-Son-Starinets-Stephanov theory, kinetic theory in the relaxation time approximation, and strongly coupled N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory are identified for a system undergoing Bjorken flow.

Authors:: Romatschke, Paul

Publication Date:: 2018-01-05

Research Org.:: Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1415876

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1498985

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0008132

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Physical Review Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Volume: 120 Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS

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                    Romatschke, Paul. Relativistic Fluid Dynamics Far From Local Equilibrium.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.012301.

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                    Romatschke, Paul. Relativistic Fluid Dynamics Far From Local Equilibrium.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.012301

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                    Romatschke, Paul. Fri .  
"Relativistic Fluid Dynamics Far From Local Equilibrium".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.012301.

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@article{osti_1415876,

  title        = {Relativistic Fluid Dynamics Far From Local Equilibrium},

  author       = {Romatschke, Paul},

  abstractNote = {Fluid dynamics is traditionally thought to apply only to systems near local equilibrium. In this case, the effective theory of fluid dynamics can be constructed as a gradient series. Recent applications of resurgence suggest that this gradient series diverges, but can be Borel resummed, giving rise to a hydrodynamic attractor solution which is well defined even for large gradients. As a result, arbitrary initial data quickly approaches this attractor via nonhydrodynamic mode decay. This suggests the existence of a new theory of far-from-equilibrium fluid dynamics. In this Letter, the framework of fluid dynamics far from local equilibrium for a conformal system is introduced, and the hydrodynamic attractor solutions for resummed Baier-Romatschke-Son-Starinets-Stephanov theory, kinetic theory in the relaxation time approximation, and strongly coupled N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory are identified for a system undergoing Bjorken flow.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.012301},

  journal      = {Physical Review Letters},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 120,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {1}

}

Copy to clipboard

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Cited by: 26 works

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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1: Numerical results for energy density evolution as a function of inverse gradient strength τT for conformal Bjorken flow in three different microscopic theories. Note that for Boltzmann and AdS=CFT, the numerical solutions shown are low-dimensional projections from an infinite dimensional space of initial conditions. See text for details.

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Works referenced in this record:

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Figure 1 (p. 3)

Figure 2 (p. 4)

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Title: Relativistic Fluid Dynamics Far From Local Equilibrium

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

Relativistic viscous hydrodynamics, conformal invariance, and holography journal, April 2008

Resurgence in extended hydrodynamics journal, April 2016

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Boost-invariant early time dynamics from AdS/CFT journal, October 2009

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“Ridge” in Proton-Proton Scattering at 7 TeV journal, March 2011

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Transient relativistic thermodynamics and kinetic theory journal, April 1979

Anisotropic hydrodynamics for rapidly expanding systems journal, October 2013

Thermal equilibration in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, April 1984

Hydrodynamics, resurgence, and transasymptotics journal, December 2015

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From strong to weak coupling in holographic models of thermalization journal, July 2016

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Constructing higher-order hydrodynamics: The third order journal, March 2016

Relativistic viscous hydrodynamics, conformal invariance, and holography
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Hydrodynamic Gradient Expansion in Gauge Theory Plasmas
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Erratum: Second Order Dissipative Fluid Dynamics for Ultrarelativistic Nuclear Collisions [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 , 062302 (2002)]
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Linearized fluid/gravity correspondence: from shear viscosity to all order hydrodynamics
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Nonhydrodynamic Transport in Trapped Unitary Fermi Gases
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