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Title: r -process nucleosynthesis from matter ejected in binary neutron star mergers [On r -process nucleosynthesis from matter ejected in binary neutron star mergers]

Abstract

Here, when binary systems of neutron stars merge, a very small fraction of their rest mass is ejected, either dynamically or secularly. This material is neutron-rich and its nucleosynthesis provides the astrophysical site for the production of heavy elements in the Universe, together with a kilonova signal confirming neutron-star mergers as the origin of short gamma-ray bursts. We perform full general-relativistic simulations of binary neutron-star mergers employing three different nuclear-physics equations of state (EOSs), considering both equal- and unequal-mass configurations, and adopting a leakage scheme to account for neutrino radiative losses. Using a combination of techniques, we carry out an extensive and systematic study of the hydrodynamical, thermodynamical, and geometrical properties of the matter ejected dynamically, employing the WinNet nuclear-reaction network to recover the relative abundances of heavy elements produced by each configurations. Among the results obtained, three are particularly important. First, we find that, within the sample considered here, both the properties of the dynamical ejecta and the nucleosynthesis yields are robust against variations of the EOS and masses. Second, using a conservative but robust criterion for unbound matter, we find that the amount of ejected mass is ≲10–3 M⊙, hence at least one order of magnitude smaller thanmore » what normally assumed in modelling kilonova signals. Finally, using a simplified and gray-opacity model we assess the observability of the infrared kilonova emission finding, that for all binaries the luminosity peaks around ~1/2 day in the H-band, reaching a maximum magnitude of –13, and decreasing rapidly after one day.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [2];  [3]; ORCiD logo [4]
  1. Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Univ., Frankfurt (Germany)
  2. Technische Univ. Darmstadt, Darmstadt (Germany); GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt (Germany)
  3. Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Univ., Frankfurt (Germany); Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Frankfurt (Germany)
  4. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
OSTI Identifier:
1415425
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1411272
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-17-29073
Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010; PRVDAQ; TRN: US1800818
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-06NA25396; VH-NG-825
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physical Review D
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 96; Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; neutron star, mergers, r-process, kilonova

Citation Formats

Bovard, Luke, Martin, Dirk, Guercilena, Federico, Arcones, Almudena, Rezzolla, Luciano, and Korobkin, Oleg. r-process nucleosynthesis from matter ejected in binary neutron star mergers [On r-process nucleosynthesis from matter ejected in binary neutron star mergers]. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.96.124005.
Bovard, Luke, Martin, Dirk, Guercilena, Federico, Arcones, Almudena, Rezzolla, Luciano, & Korobkin, Oleg. r-process nucleosynthesis from matter ejected in binary neutron star mergers [On r-process nucleosynthesis from matter ejected in binary neutron star mergers]. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.124005
Bovard, Luke, Martin, Dirk, Guercilena, Federico, Arcones, Almudena, Rezzolla, Luciano, and Korobkin, Oleg. Tue . "r-process nucleosynthesis from matter ejected in binary neutron star mergers [On r-process nucleosynthesis from matter ejected in binary neutron star mergers]". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.124005. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1415425.
@article{osti_1415425,
title = {r-process nucleosynthesis from matter ejected in binary neutron star mergers [On r-process nucleosynthesis from matter ejected in binary neutron star mergers]},
author = {Bovard, Luke and Martin, Dirk and Guercilena, Federico and Arcones, Almudena and Rezzolla, Luciano and Korobkin, Oleg},
abstractNote = {Here, when binary systems of neutron stars merge, a very small fraction of their rest mass is ejected, either dynamically or secularly. This material is neutron-rich and its nucleosynthesis provides the astrophysical site for the production of heavy elements in the Universe, together with a kilonova signal confirming neutron-star mergers as the origin of short gamma-ray bursts. We perform full general-relativistic simulations of binary neutron-star mergers employing three different nuclear-physics equations of state (EOSs), considering both equal- and unequal-mass configurations, and adopting a leakage scheme to account for neutrino radiative losses. Using a combination of techniques, we carry out an extensive and systematic study of the hydrodynamical, thermodynamical, and geometrical properties of the matter ejected dynamically, employing the WinNet nuclear-reaction network to recover the relative abundances of heavy elements produced by each configurations. Among the results obtained, three are particularly important. First, we find that, within the sample considered here, both the properties of the dynamical ejecta and the nucleosynthesis yields are robust against variations of the EOS and masses. Second, using a conservative but robust criterion for unbound matter, we find that the amount of ejected mass is ≲10–3 M⊙, hence at least one order of magnitude smaller than what normally assumed in modelling kilonova signals. Finally, using a simplified and gray-opacity model we assess the observability of the infrared kilonova emission finding, that for all binaries the luminosity peaks around ~1/2 day in the H-band, reaching a maximum magnitude of –13, and decreasing rapidly after one day.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.96.124005},
journal = {Physical Review D},
number = 12,
volume = 96,
place = {United States},
year = {2017},
month = {12}
}

Journal Article:

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Cited by: 27 works
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Gravitational-wave astrophysics from neutron star inspiral and coalescence
journal, August 2018


Neutron Star Mergers: Probing the EoS of Hot, Dense Matter by Gravitational Waves
journal, January 2019


Detecting the Hadron-Quark Phase Transition with Gravitational Waves
journal, June 2019


The Origin of r -process Elements in the Milky Way
journal, March 2018

  • Côté, Benoit; Fryer, Chris L.; Belczynski, Krzysztof
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 855, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaad67

A Magnetar Origin for the Kilonova Ejecta in GW170817
journal, March 2018

  • Metzger, Brian D.; Thompson, Todd A.; Quataert, Eliot
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 856, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aab095

Three-dimensional GRMHD Simulations of Neutrino-cooled Accretion Disks from Neutron Star Mergers
journal, May 2018


Scattered Short Gamma-Ray Bursts as Electromagnetic Counterparts to Gravitational Waves and Implications of GW170817 and GRB 170817A
journal, October 2018

  • Kisaka, Shota; Ioka, Kunihito; Kashiyama, Kazumi
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae30a

Actinide Production in the Neutron-rich Ejecta of a Neutron Star Merger
journal, December 2018

  • Holmbeck, Erika M.; Sprouse, Trevor M.; Mumpower, Matthew R.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 870, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaefef

Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Mass Ejection, Electromagnetic Counterparts, and Nucleosynthesis
journal, December 2018

  • Radice, David; Perego, Albino; Hotokezaka, Kenta
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaf054

Neutron Star Mergers Might Not Be the Only Source of r -process Elements in the Milky Way
journal, April 2019

  • Côté, Benoit; Eichler, Marius; Arcones, Almudena
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab10db

When Did the Remnant of GW170817 Collapse to a Black Hole?
journal, May 2019

  • Gill, Ramandeep; Nathanail, Antonios; Rezzolla, Luciano
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 876, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab16da

Probing the Production of Actinides under Different r-process Conditions
journal, July 2019


Merger of Compact Stars in the Two-families Scenario
journal, August 2019

  • Pietri, Roberto De; Drago, Alessandro; Feo, Alessandra
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab2fd0

Impact of High Spins on the Ejection of Mass in GW170817
journal, October 2019

  • Most, E. R.; Papenfort, L. J.; Tsokaros, A.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 884, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab3ebb

Diversity of Kilonova Light Curves
journal, February 2020

  • Kawaguchi, Kyohei; Shibata, Masaru; Tanaka, Masaomi
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab61f6

r -process Enrichment in the Galactic Halo Characterized by Nucleosynthesis Variation in the Ejecta of Coalescing Neutron Star Binaries
journal, January 2020

  • Tsujimoto, Takuji; Nishimura, Nobuya; Kyutoku, Koutarou
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab655c

Using Gravitational-wave Observations and Quasi-universal Relations to Constrain the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars
journal, January 2018

  • Rezzolla, Luciano; Most, Elias R.; Weih, Lukas R.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 852, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaa401

GW170817: Joint Constraint on the Neutron Star Equation of State from Multimessenger Observations
journal, January 2018

  • Radice, David; Perego, Albino; Zappa, Francesco
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 852, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaa402

Radiative Transfer Simulation for the Optical and Near-infrared Electromagnetic Counterparts to GW170817
journal, September 2018

  • Kawaguchi, Kyohei; Shibata, Masaru; Tanaka, Masaomi
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aade02

Magnetically Inspired Explosive Outflows from Neutron-star Mergers
journal, January 2019

  • Nathanail, Antonios; Porth, Oliver; Rezzolla, Luciano
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 870, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaf73a

A General-relativistic Determination of the Threshold Mass to Prompt Collapse in Binary Neutron Star Mergers
journal, February 2019

  • Köppel, Sven; Bovard, Luke; Rezzolla, Luciano
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 872, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab0210

A magnetar origin for the kilonova ejecta in GW170817
text, January 2018


New constraints on radii and tidal deformabilities of neutron stars from GW170817
text, January 2018


Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Mass Ejection, Electromagnetic Counterparts and Nucleosynthesis
text, January 2018


Magnetically inspired explosive outflows from neutron-star mergers
text, January 2018


From the microscopic to the macroscopic world: from nucleons to neutron stars
text, January 2019


Impact of high spins on the ejection of mass in GW170817
text, January 2019


Full Transport Model of GW170817-Like Disk Produces a Blue Kilonova
text, January 2019


Neutron star binary orbits in their host potential: effect on early r-process enrichment
text, January 2019


Diversity of kilonova light curves
text, January 2019