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Title: A Detailed Comparison of Multidimensional Boltzmann Neutrino Transport Methods in Core-collapse Supernovae

Abstract

The mechanism driving core-collapse supernovae is sensitive to the interplay between matter and neutrino radiation. However, neutrino radiation transport is very difficult to simulate, and several radiation transport methods of varying levels of approximation are available. In this paper, we carefully compare for the first time in multiple spatial dimensions the discrete ordinates (DO) code of Nagakura, Yamada, and Sumiyoshi and the Monte Carlo (MC) code Sedonu, under the assumptions of a static fluid background, flat spacetime, elastic scattering, and full special relativity. We find remarkably good agreement in all spectral, angular, and fluid interaction quantities, lending confidence to both methods. The DO method excels in determining the heating and cooling rates in the optically thick region. The MC method predicts sharper angular features due to the effectively infinite angular resolution, but struggles to drive down noise in quantities where subtractive cancellation is prevalent, such as the net gain in the protoneutron star and off-diagonal components of the Eddington tensor. We also find that errors in the angular moments of the distribution functions induced by neglecting velocity dependence are subdominant to those from limited momentum-space resolution. We briefly compare directly computed second angular moments to those predicted by popular algebraicmore » two-moment closures, and we find that the errors from the approximate closures are comparable to the difference between the DO and MC methods. Finally, included in this work is an improved Sedonu code, which now implements a fully special relativistic, time-independent version of the grid-agnostic MC random walk approximation.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [3]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [5]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Theoretical AstroPhysics Including Relativity and Cosmology (TAPIR). Walter Burke Inst. for Theoretical Physics
  2. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Theoretical AstroPhysics Including Relativity and Cosmology (TAPIR). Walter Burke Inst. for Theoretical Physics; Kyoto Univ. (Japan). Center for Gravitational Physics and International Research Unit of Advanced Future Studies. Yukawa Inst. for Theoretical Physics
  3. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  4. Numazu College of Technology (Japan)
  5. Waseda Univ., Tokyo (Japan). Advanced Research Inst. for Science & Engineering. Dept. of Science and Engineering
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States); Waseda Univ., Tokyo (Japan); Kyoto Univ. (Japan)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); LANL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; National Science Foundation (NSF); State of Illinois (United States); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) (Japan)
OSTI Identifier:
1415403
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-17-24929
Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357; TRN: US1800801
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-06NA25396; OCI-0725070; ACI-1238993; TG-PHY100033; ACI-1440083; TCAN AST-1333520; CAREER PHY-1151197; PHY-1404569; 27-348; 15K05093; 16H03986; 26104006
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online); Journal Volume: 847; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; neutrinos; radiative transfer; supernovae

Citation Formats

Richers, Sherwood, Nagakura, Hiroki, Ott, Christian D., Dolence, Joshua, Sumiyoshi, Kohsuke, and Yamada, Shoichi. A Detailed Comparison of Multidimensional Boltzmann Neutrino Transport Methods in Core-collapse Supernovae. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa8bb2.
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Richers, Sherwood, Nagakura, Hiroki, Ott, Christian D., Dolence, Joshua, Sumiyoshi, Kohsuke, & Yamada, Shoichi. A Detailed Comparison of Multidimensional Boltzmann Neutrino Transport Methods in Core-collapse Supernovae. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa8bb2
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Richers, Sherwood, Nagakura, Hiroki, Ott, Christian D., Dolence, Joshua, Sumiyoshi, Kohsuke, and Yamada, Shoichi. Tue . "A Detailed Comparison of Multidimensional Boltzmann Neutrino Transport Methods in Core-collapse Supernovae". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa8bb2. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1415403.
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@article{osti_1415403,
title = {A Detailed Comparison of Multidimensional Boltzmann Neutrino Transport Methods in Core-collapse Supernovae},
author = {Richers, Sherwood and Nagakura, Hiroki and Ott, Christian D. and Dolence, Joshua and Sumiyoshi, Kohsuke and Yamada, Shoichi},
abstractNote = {The mechanism driving core-collapse supernovae is sensitive to the interplay between matter and neutrino radiation. However, neutrino radiation transport is very difficult to simulate, and several radiation transport methods of varying levels of approximation are available. In this paper, we carefully compare for the first time in multiple spatial dimensions the discrete ordinates (DO) code of Nagakura, Yamada, and Sumiyoshi and the Monte Carlo (MC) code Sedonu, under the assumptions of a static fluid background, flat spacetime, elastic scattering, and full special relativity. We find remarkably good agreement in all spectral, angular, and fluid interaction quantities, lending confidence to both methods. The DO method excels in determining the heating and cooling rates in the optically thick region. The MC method predicts sharper angular features due to the effectively infinite angular resolution, but struggles to drive down noise in quantities where subtractive cancellation is prevalent, such as the net gain in the protoneutron star and off-diagonal components of the Eddington tensor. We also find that errors in the angular moments of the distribution functions induced by neglecting velocity dependence are subdominant to those from limited momentum-space resolution. We briefly compare directly computed second angular moments to those predicted by popular algebraic two-moment closures, and we find that the errors from the approximate closures are comparable to the difference between the DO and MC methods. Finally, included in this work is an improved Sedonu code, which now implements a fully special relativistic, time-independent version of the grid-agnostic MC random walk approximation.},
doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/aa8bb2},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal (Online)},
number = 2,
volume = 847,
place = {United States},
year = {2017},
month = {10}
}
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Two-dimensional Core-collapse Supernova Simulations with the Isotropic Diffusion Source Approximation for Neutrino Transport
text, January 2016

An Advanced Leakage Scheme for Neutrino Treatment in Astrophysical Simulations
text, January 2016

Criteria for Core-Collapse Supernova Explosions by the Neutrino Mechanism
text, January 2008

Truncated Moment Formalism for Radiation Hydrodynamics in Numerical Relativity
text, January 2011

Interplay of Neutrino Opacities in Core-collapse Supernova Simulations
text, January 2012

SASI Activity in Three-Dimensional Neutrino-Hydrodynamics Simulations of Supernova Cores
text, January 2013

Comprehensive nucleosynthesis analysis for ejecta of compact binary mergers
text, January 2014

The criterion of supernova explosion revisited: the mass accretion history
text, January 2014

A new multidimensional, energy-dependent two-moment transport code for neutrino-hydrodynamics
text, January 2015

Three-dimensional core-collapse supernova simulated using a 15 $M_\odot$ progenitor
text, January 2015

Monte Carlo Neutrino Transport Through Remnant Disks from Neutron Star Mergers
text, January 2015

Impact of an improved neutrino energy estimate on outflows in neutron star merger simulations
text, January 2016

Conservative General Relativistic Radiation Hydrodynamics in Spherical Symmetry and Comoving Coordinates
text, January 2000

Monte Carlo Study of Supernova Neutrino Spectra Formation
text, January 2002

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    Global comparison of core-collapse supernova simulations in spherical symmetry
    journal, September 2018

    • O’Connor, Evan; Bollig, Robert; Burrows, Adam
    • Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 45, Issue 10
    • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6471/aadeae

    Core-collapse supernova simulations in one and two dimensions: comparison of codes and approximations
    journal, September 2018

    • Just, O.; Bollig, R.; Janka, H-Th
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 481, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty2578

    A successful 3D core-collapse supernova explosion model
    journal, September 2018

    • Vartanyan, David; Burrows, Adam; Radice, David
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 482, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty2585

    Three-dimensional supernova explosion simulations of 9-, 10-, 11-, 12-, and 13-M⊙ stars
    journal, February 2019

    • Burrows, Adam; Radice, David; Vartanyan, David
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz543

    The mechanism(s) of core-collapse supernovae
    journal, September 2017

    • Couch, Sean M.
    • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 375, Issue 2105
    • DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0271

    Simple method of diagnosing fast flavor conversions of supernova neutrinos
    journal, November 2018

    On the Neutrino Distributions in Phase Space for the Rotating Core-collapse Supernova Simulated with a Boltzmann-neutrino-radiation-hydrodynamics Code
    journal, February 2019

    • Harada, Akira; Nagakura, Hiroki; Iwakami, Wakana
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 872, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab0203

    Three-dimensional Core-collapse Supernova Simulations with Multidimensional Neutrino Transport Compared to the Ray-by-ray-plus Approximation
    journal, March 2019

    • Glas, Robert; Just, Oliver; Janka, H. -Thomas
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 873, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab0423

    Three-dimensional Boltzmann-hydro Code for Core-collapse in Massive Stars. III. A New Method for Momentum Feedback from Neutrino to Matter
    journal, June 2019

    • Nagakura, Hiroki; Sumiyoshi, Kohsuke; Yamada, Shoichi
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 878, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab2189

    One-, Two-, and Three-dimensional Simulations of Oxygen-shell Burning Just before the Core Collapse of Massive Stars
    journal, August 2019

    • Yoshida, Takashi; Takiwaki, Tomoya; Kotake, Kei
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab2b9d

    Fast-pairwise Collective Neutrino Oscillations Associated with Asymmetric Neutrino Emissions in Core-collapse Supernovae
    journal, November 2019

    • Nagakura, Hiroki; Morinaga, Taiki; Kato, Chinami
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab4cf2

    Resolution Study for Three-dimensional Supernova Simulations with the Prometheus-Vertex Code
    journal, March 2020

    • Melson, Tobias; Kresse, Daniel; Janka, Hans-Thomas
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 891, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab72a7

    The Progenitor Dependence of Core-collapse Supernovae from Three-dimensional Simulations with Progenitor Models of 12–40 M ⊙
    journal, February 2018

    • Ott, Christian D.; Roberts, Luke F.; da Silva Schneider, André
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 855, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaa967

    Possible Early Linear Acceleration of Proto-neutron Stars via Asymmetric Neutrino Emission in Core-collapse Supernovae
    journal, July 2019

    • Nagakura, Hiroki; Sumiyoshi, Kohsuke; Yamada, Shoichi
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab30ca

    Core-collapse supernovae in the hall of mirrors: A three-dimensional code-comparison project
    journal, November 2018

    Long-term simulations of multi-dimensional core-collapse supernovae: Implications for neutron star kicks
    journal, August 2019

    • Nakamura, Ko; Takiwaki, Tomoya; Kotake, Kei
    • Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 71, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psz080

    Simulations of Core-collapse Supernovae in Spatial Axisymmetry with Full Boltzmann Neutrino Transport
    journal, February 2018

    • Nagakura, Hiroki; Iwakami, Wakana; Furusawa, Shun
    • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 854, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaac29

    Comparing Treatments of Weak Reactions with Nuclei in Simulations of Core-collapse Supernovae
    journal, February 2019

    • Nagakura, Hiroki; Furusawa, Shun; Togashi, Hajime
    • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 240, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/aafac9

    Simulations of core-collapse supernovae in spatial axisymmetry with full Boltzmann neutrino transport
    text, January 2017

    A Successful 3D Core-Collapse Supernova Explosion Model
    text, January 2018

    Comparing treatments of weak reactions with nuclei in simulations of core-collapse supernovae
    text, January 2018

    Neutrino Quantum Kinetics in Compact Objects
    text, January 2019

    Simple method of diagnosing fast flavor conversions of supernova neutrinos
    journal, November 2018

    Neutrino Quantum Kinetics in Compact Objects
    text, January 2019

    Global comparison of core-collapse supernova simulations in spherical symmetry
    text, January 2018

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