Sensitization of Nanocrystalline Metal Oxides with a Phosphonate-Functionalized Perylene Diimide for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation with a CoO x Catalyst

Kirner, Joel T.; Finke, Richard G.

doi:10.1021/acsami.7b05874

Title: Sensitization of Nanocrystalline Metal Oxides with a Phosphonate-Functionalized Perylene Diimide for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation with a CoO _x Catalyst

Abstract

A planar organic thin film composed of a perylene diimide dye (N,N'-bis(phosphonomethyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenediimide, PMPDI) with photoelectrochemically deposited cobalt oxide (CoO_x) catalyst was previously shown to photoelectrochemically oxidize water (DOI: 10.1021/am405598w). Herein, the same PMPDI dye is studied for the sensitization of different nanostructured metal oxide (nano-MO_x) films in a dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell architecture. Dye adsorption kinetics and saturation decreases in the order TiO₂ > SnO₂ >> WO₃. Despite highest initial dye loading on TiO₂ films, photocurrent with hydroquinone (H₂Q) sacrificial reductant in pH 7 aqueous solution is much higher on SnO₂ films, likely due to a higher driving force for charge injection into the more positive conduction band energy of SnO₂. Dyeing conditions and SnO₂ film thickness were subsequently optimized to achieve light-harvesting efficiency >99% at the λmax of the dye, and absorbed photon-to-current efficiency of 13% with H₂Q, a 2-fold improvement over the previous thin-film architecture. A CoO_x water-oxidation catalyst was photoelectrochemically deposited, allowing for photoelectrochemical water oxidation with a faradaic efficiency of 31 ± 7%, thus demonstrating the second example of a water-oxidizing, dye-sensitized photoelectrolysis cell composed entirely of earth-abundant materials. However, deposition of CoO_x always results in lower photocurrent due to enhanced recombination between catalyst and photoinjected electronsmore »« less

Authors:

Kirner, Joel T. ^[1];

^[1]

Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States). Dept. of Chemistry

Publication Date:: Thu Jul 20 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Research Org.:: Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1415254

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1429611

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-04ER15591; CHE-1057723

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces Journal Volume: 9 Journal Issue: 33; Journal ID: ISSN 1944-8244

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; 77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY; dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell; perylene diimide; cobalt oxide; water oxidation catalysis; alumina overlayer; tin oxide

Citation Formats


                    Kirner, Joel T., and Finke, Richard G. Sensitization of Nanocrystalline Metal Oxides with a Phosphonate-Functionalized Perylene Diimide for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation with a CoO x Catalyst.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1021/acsami.7b05874.

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                    Kirner, Joel T., & Finke, Richard G. Sensitization of Nanocrystalline Metal Oxides with a Phosphonate-Functionalized Perylene Diimide for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation with a CoO x Catalyst.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b05874

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                    Kirner, Joel T., and Finke, Richard G. Thu .  
"Sensitization of Nanocrystalline Metal Oxides with a Phosphonate-Functionalized Perylene Diimide for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation with a CoO x Catalyst".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b05874.

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@article{osti_1415254,

  title        = {Sensitization of Nanocrystalline Metal Oxides with a Phosphonate-Functionalized Perylene Diimide for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation with a CoO x Catalyst},

  author       = {Kirner, Joel T. and Finke, Richard G.},

  abstractNote = {A planar organic thin film composed of a perylene diimide dye (N,N'-bis(phosphonomethyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenediimide, PMPDI) with photoelectrochemically deposited cobalt oxide (CoOx) catalyst was previously shown to photoelectrochemically oxidize water (DOI: 10.1021/am405598w). Herein, the same PMPDI dye is studied for the sensitization of different nanostructured metal oxide (nano-MOx) films in a dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell architecture. Dye adsorption kinetics and saturation decreases in the order TiO2 > SnO2 >> WO3. Despite highest initial dye loading on TiO2 films, photocurrent with hydroquinone (H2Q) sacrificial reductant in pH 7 aqueous solution is much higher on SnO2 films, likely due to a higher driving force for charge injection into the more positive conduction band energy of SnO2. Dyeing conditions and SnO2 film thickness were subsequently optimized to achieve light-harvesting efficiency >99% at the λmax of the dye, and absorbed photon-to-current efficiency of 13% with H2Q, a 2-fold improvement over the previous thin-film architecture. A CoOx water-oxidation catalyst was photoelectrochemically deposited, allowing for photoelectrochemical water oxidation with a faradaic efficiency of 31 ± 7%, thus demonstrating the second example of a water-oxidizing, dye-sensitized photoelectrolysis cell composed entirely of earth-abundant materials. However, deposition of CoOx always results in lower photocurrent due to enhanced recombination between catalyst and photoinjected electrons in SnO2, as confirmed by open-circuit photovoltage measurements. Possible future studies to enhance photoanode performance are also discussed, including alternative catalyst deposition strategies or structural derivatization of the perylene dye.},

  doi          = {10.1021/acsami.7b05874},

  journal      = {ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces},

  number       = 33,

  volume       = 9,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Jul 20 00:00:00 EDT 2017},

  month        = {Thu Jul 20 00:00:00 EDT 2017}

}

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A hybrid strategy for solar water splitting is exploited here based on a dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell (DSPEC) with a mesoporous SnO₂/TiO₂ core/shell nanostructured electrode derivatized with a surface-bound Ru(II) polypyridyl-based chromophore–catalyst assembly. The assembly, [(4,4’-(PO₃H₂)₂bpy)₂Ru(4-Mebpy-4’-bimpy)Ru(tpy)(OH₂)]⁴⁺ ([RuaII-RubII-OH₂]⁴⁺, combines both a light absorber and a water oxidation catalyst in a single molecule. It was attached to the TiO₂ shell by phosphonate-surface oxide binding. The oxide-bound assembly was further stabilized on the surface by atomic layer deposition (ALD) of either Al₂O₃ or TiO₂ overlayers. Illumination of the resulting fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)|SnO₂/TiO₂|-[Ru_a^II-Ru_b^II-OH₂]⁴⁺(Al₂O₃ or TiO₂) photoanodes in photoelectrochemical cells with a Pt cathode andmore »« less
Cited by 123
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1506111112

Full Text Available
Dye-sensitized TiO{sub 2} solar cells: Structural and photoelectrochemical characterization of nanocrystalline electrodes formed from the hydrolysis of TiCl{sub 4}

Journal Article Park, N G ; Schlichthoerl, G ; Lagemaat, J van de ; ... - Journal of Physical Chemistry B: Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces, amp Biophysical

The structure and photoelectrochemical properties of TiO{sub 2} films deposited onto SnO{sub 2} conducting glass from the ambient hydrolysis of TiCl{sub 4} and annealed at temperatures ranging from 100 to 500 C were studied by Raman spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS), and intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) measurements. Analysis of the XRD and Raman spectra shows that TiCl{sub 4}-produced TiO{sub 2} films consist of rod-shaped particles that grow with an increasing annealing temperature. The AM-1.5 short-circuit photocurrent J{sub sc} and open-circuit photovoltage V{sub oc} of Ru[LL{prime}(NCS){sub 2}]-sensitized (L = 2,2{prime}-bypyridyl-4,4{prime}-dicarboxylic acid, L{prime} = 2,2{prime}-bipyridyl-4,4-ditetrabutylammoniumcarboxylate)more »« less
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp984529i
Light-Driven Water Oxidation Using Polyelectrolyte Layer-by-Layer Chromophore–Catalyst Assemblies

Journal Article Leem, Gyu ; Sherman, Benjamin D. ; Burnett, Alex J. ; ... - ACS Energy Letters

Layer-by-Layer (LbL) polyelectrolyte self-assembly occurs by the alternate exposure of a substrate to solutions of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes or polyions. Here, we report the application of LbL to construct chromophore–catalyst assemblies consisting of a cationic polystyrene-based Ru polychromophore (PS-Ru) and a [Ru(tpy)(2-pyridyl-N-methylbenzimidazole) (OH₂)]²⁺ water oxidation catalyst (RuC), codeposited with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as an inert polyanion. These assemblies are deposited onto planar indium tin oxide (ITO, Sn:In₂O₃) substrates for electrochemical characterization and onto mesoporous substrates consisting of a SnO₂/TiO₂ core/shell structure atop fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) for application to light-driven water oxidation in a dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell. Cyclic voltammetrymore »« less
Cited by 35
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00171

Full Text Available

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Title: Sensitization of Nanocrystalline Metal Oxides with a Phosphonate-Functionalized Perylene Diimide for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation with a CoO x Catalyst

Abstract

Citation Formats

Light-driven water oxidation for solar fuels journal, November 2012

Powering the planet: Chemical challenges in solar energy utilization journal, October 2006

1D nanofiber composites of perylene diimides for visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution from water journal, January 2014

Photodriven heterogeneous charge transfer with transition-metal compounds anchored to TiO 2 semiconductor surfaces journal, January 2009

Controlled aggregation of peptide-substituted perylene-bisimides journal, January 2012

Charge Transport versus Recombination in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Employing Nanocrystalline TiO 2 and SnO 2 Films journal, June 2005

Mechanisms of Charge Transfer at the Semiconductor-Electrolyte Interface journal, January 1984

Enhancement of visible-light-driven photocatalytic H 2 evolution from water over g-C 3 N 4 through combination with perylene diimide aggregates journal, June 2015

Effect of Insulating Oxide Overlayers on Electron Injection Dynamics in Dye-Sensitized Nanocrystalline Thin Films journal, March 2007

New strategy to incorporate nano-particle sized water oxidation catalyst into dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell for water splitting journal, May 2016

Photochemistry of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride dyes: visible absorption and fluorescence of the di(glycyl)imide derivative monomer and dimer in basic aqueous solutions journal, April 1987

Visible light-driven water oxidation with a subporphyrin sensitizer and a water oxidation catalyst journal, January 2016

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells journal, November 2010

Artificial Photosynthesis: Solar Splitting of Water to Hydrogen and Oxygen journal, March 1995

Applications of metal oxide materials in dye sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells for making solar fuels: let the molecules do the work journal, January 2013

(Photo)electrochemical Methods for the Determination of the Band Edge Positions of TiO 2 -Based Nanomaterials journal, February 2011

Highly efficient dye-sensitized SnO2 solar cells having sufficient electron diffusion length journal, July 2007

Surface Modification of SnO 2 Photoelectrodes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Significant Improvements in Photovoltage via Al 2 O 3 Atomic Layer Deposition journal, April 2010

Organic Dye-Sensitized Tandem Photoelectrochemical Cell for Light Driven Total Water Splitting journal, July 2015

Measurements and Modeling of Recombination from Nanoparticle TiO 2 Electrodes journal, June 2011

Photoluminescence and Conductivity of Self-Assembled π–π Stacks of Perylene Bisimide Dyes journal, January 2007

Artificial photosynthesis – functional devices for light driven water splitting with photoactive anodes based on molecular catalysts journal, January 2014

Ultrafast, Light-Induced Electron Transfer in a Perylene Diimide Chromophore-Donor Assembly on TiO 2 journal, November 2015

Dye Sensitization of Nanocrystalline Tin Oxide by Perylene Derivatives journal, June 1997

Analysis of the Mechanisms of Electron Recombination in Nanoporous TiO 2 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Nonequilibrium Steady-State Statistics and Interfacial Electron Transfer via Surface States journal, August 2002

In Situ Formation of an Oxygen-Evolving Catalyst in Neutral Water Containing Phosphate and Co2+ journal, August 2008

Visible light-driven water oxidation using a covalently-linked molecular catalyst–sensitizer dyad assembled on a TiO 2 electrode journal, January 2016

Hydrogen Production with Nanostructured and Sensitized Metal Oxides book, January 2011

Effects of Electron Trapping and Protonation on the Efficiency of Water-Splitting Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells journal, July 2014

Electro- and Photochemical Water Oxidation on Ligand-free Co 3 O 4 Nanoparticles with Tunable Sizes journal, February 2013

Photovoltage Effects of Sintered IrO 2 Nanoparticle Catalysts in Water-Splitting Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells journal, April 2014

Visible light-induced photochemical oxygen evolution from water by 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride nanorods as an n-type organic semiconductor journal, January 2016

Molecular Chromophore–Catalyst Assemblies for Solar Fuel Applications journal, August 2015

Strongly oxidizing perylene-3,4-dicarboximides for use in water oxidation photoelectrochemical cells journal, January 2016

Molecular Semiconductors in Organic Photovoltaic Cells journal, November 2010

Metal-free organic sensitizers for use in water-splitting dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells journal, January 2015

Metal-Free Organic Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: From Structure: Property Relationships to Design Rules journal, March 2009

Stepwise Adsorption of Metal Alkoxides on Hydrolyzed Surfaces : A Surface Sol-Gel Process journal, October 1996

Embedding of a ruthenium( ii ) water oxidation catalyst into nanofibers via self-assembly journal, January 2015

Proton-Induced Trap States, Injection and Recombination Dynamics in Water-Splitting Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells journal, June 2016

pH-dependent surface charging and points of zero charge II. Update journal, July 2004

Revealing the Relationship between Semiconductor Electronic Structure and Electron Transfer Dynamics at Metal Oxide–Chromophore Interfaces journal, November 2013

Photo-electrochemical properties of nanostructured WO3 prepared with different organic dispersing agents journal, May 2010

Self-Assembled PDINH Supramolecular System for Photocatalysis under Visible Light journal, June 2016

Self-assembling hydrogel scaffolds for photocatalytic hydrogen production journal, October 2014

Supramolecular organic nanofibers with highly efficient and stable visible light photooxidation performance journal, March 2017

Water splitting dye-sensitized solar cells journal, June 2017

The Isoelectric Points of Solid Oxides, Solid Hydroxides, and Aqueous Hydroxo Complex Systems journal, April 1965

Dye-Sensitized Core−Shell Nanocrystals: Improved Efficiency of Mesoporous Tin Oxide Electrodes Coated with a Thin Layer of an Insulating Oxide journal, July 2002

Photoassisted Overall Water Splitting in a Visible Light-Absorbing Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cell journal, January 2009

Artificial Molecular Photosynthetic Systems: Towards Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation journal, October 2016

Bridge Length-Dependent Ultrafast Electron Transfer from Re Polypyridyl Complexes to Nanocrystalline TiO 2 Thin Films Studied by Femtosecond Infrared Spectroscopy journal, November 2000

Recent advances in dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells for solar hydrogen production based on molecular components journal, January 2015

A visible light water-splitting cell with a photoanode formed by codeposition of a high-potential porphyrin and an iridium water-oxidation catalyst journal, January 2011

Real roles of perylenetetracarboxylic diimide for enhancing photocatalytic H2-production journal, August 2016

Visible-Light Photooxidation of Water to Oxygen at Hybrid TiO2-Polyheptazine Photoanodes with Photodeposited Co-Pi (CoOx) Cocatalyst journal, April 2012

Visible-Light-Assisted Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation by Thin Films of a Phosphonate-Functionalized Perylene Diimide Plus CoO x Cocatalyst journal, March 2014

Photodriven Oxidation of Surface-Bound Iridium-Based Molecular Water-Oxidation Catalysts on Perylene-3,4-dicarboximide-Sensitized TiO 2 Electrodes Protected by an Al 2 O 3 Layer journal, February 2017

Two Electrode Collector–Generator Method for the Detection of Electrochemically or Photoelectrochemically Produced O 2 journal, July 2016

Investigation on the Kinetics of Electroreduction Processes at Dark TiO[sub 2] and SrTiO[sub 3] Single Crystal Semiconductor Electrodes journal, January 1980

Holy Grails of Chemistry journal, March 1995

Robust Benzo[ g , h , i ]perylenetriimide Dye-Sensitized Electrodes in Air-Saturated Aqueous Buffer Solution journal, March 2016

Interfacial electron transfer in photoanodes based on phosphorus( v ) porphyrin sensitizers co-deposited on SnO 2 with the Ir(III)Cp* water oxidation precatalyst journal, January 2015

Ultrafast photodriven intramolecular electron transfer from an iridium-based water-oxidation catalyst to perylene diimide derivatives journal, May 2012

Molecular engineering of sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cell applications journal, June 2012

Visible-light photocurrent response of TiO2–polyheptazine hybrids: evidence for interfacial charge-transfer absorption journal, January 2011

Modification of Nanocrystalline WO 3 with a Dicationic Perylene Bisimide: Applications to Molecular Level Solar Water Splitting journal, April 2015

Atomic layer deposition for photovoltaics: applications and prospects for solar cell manufacturing journal, June 2012

The pH-Dependent Surface Charging and the Points of Zero Charge journal, September 2002

Title: Sensitization of Nanocrystalline Metal Oxides with a Phosphonate-Functionalized Perylene Diimide for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation with a CoO _x Catalyst

Light-driven water oxidation for solar fuels
journal, November 2012

Powering the planet: Chemical challenges in solar energy utilization
journal, October 2006

1D nanofiber composites of perylene diimides for visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution from water
journal, January 2014

Photodriven heterogeneous charge transfer with transition-metal compounds anchored to TiO ₂ semiconductor surfaces
journal, January 2009

Controlled aggregation of peptide-substituted perylene-bisimides
journal, January 2012

Charge Transport versus Recombination in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Employing Nanocrystalline TiO ₂ and SnO ₂ Films
journal, June 2005

Mechanisms of Charge Transfer at the Semiconductor-Electrolyte Interface
journal, January 1984

Enhancement of visible-light-driven photocatalytic H 2 evolution from water over g-C 3 N 4 through combination with perylene diimide aggregates
journal, June 2015

Effect of Insulating Oxide Overlayers on Electron Injection Dynamics in Dye-Sensitized Nanocrystalline Thin Films
journal, March 2007

New strategy to incorporate nano-particle sized water oxidation catalyst into dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cell for water splitting
journal, May 2016

Photochemistry of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride dyes: visible absorption and fluorescence of the di(glycyl)imide derivative monomer and dimer in basic aqueous solutions
journal, April 1987

Visible light-driven water oxidation with a subporphyrin sensitizer and a water oxidation catalyst
journal, January 2016

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
journal, November 2010

Artificial Photosynthesis: Solar Splitting of Water to Hydrogen and Oxygen
journal, March 1995

Applications of metal oxide materials in dye sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells for making solar fuels: let the molecules do the work
journal, January 2013

(Photo)electrochemical Methods for the Determination of the Band Edge Positions of TiO ₂ -Based Nanomaterials
journal, February 2011

Highly efficient dye-sensitized SnO2 solar cells having sufficient electron diffusion length
journal, July 2007

Surface Modification of SnO ₂ Photoelectrodes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Significant Improvements in Photovoltage via Al ₂ O ₃ Atomic Layer Deposition
journal, April 2010

Organic Dye-Sensitized Tandem Photoelectrochemical Cell for Light Driven Total Water Splitting
journal, July 2015

Measurements and Modeling of Recombination from Nanoparticle TiO ₂ Electrodes
journal, June 2011

Photoluminescence and Conductivity of Self-Assembled π–π Stacks of Perylene Bisimide Dyes
journal, January 2007

Artificial photosynthesis – functional devices for light driven water splitting with photoactive anodes based on molecular catalysts
journal, January 2014

Ultrafast, Light-Induced Electron Transfer in a Perylene Diimide Chromophore-Donor Assembly on TiO ₂
journal, November 2015

Dye Sensitization of Nanocrystalline Tin Oxide by Perylene Derivatives
journal, June 1997

Analysis of the Mechanisms of Electron Recombination in Nanoporous TiO ₂ Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Nonequilibrium Steady-State Statistics and Interfacial Electron Transfer via Surface States
journal, August 2002

In Situ Formation of an Oxygen-Evolving Catalyst in Neutral Water Containing Phosphate and Co²⁺
journal, August 2008

Visible light-driven water oxidation using a covalently-linked molecular catalyst–sensitizer dyad assembled on a TiO ₂ electrode
journal, January 2016

Hydrogen Production with Nanostructured and Sensitized Metal Oxides
book, January 2011

Effects of Electron Trapping and Protonation on the Efficiency of Water-Splitting Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
journal, July 2014

Electro- and Photochemical Water Oxidation on Ligand-free Co ₃ O ₄ Nanoparticles with Tunable Sizes
journal, February 2013

Photovoltage Effects of Sintered IrO ₂ Nanoparticle Catalysts in Water-Splitting Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells
journal, April 2014

Visible light-induced photochemical oxygen evolution from water by 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride nanorods as an n-type organic semiconductor
journal, January 2016

Molecular Chromophore–Catalyst Assemblies for Solar Fuel Applications
journal, August 2015

Strongly oxidizing perylene-3,4-dicarboximides for use in water oxidation photoelectrochemical cells
journal, January 2016

Molecular Semiconductors in Organic Photovoltaic Cells
journal, November 2010

Metal-free organic sensitizers for use in water-splitting dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells
journal, January 2015

Metal-Free Organic Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: From Structure: Property Relationships to Design Rules
journal, March 2009

Stepwise Adsorption of Metal Alkoxides on Hydrolyzed Surfaces : A Surface Sol-Gel Process
journal, October 1996

Embedding of a ruthenium( ii ) water oxidation catalyst into nanofibers via self-assembly
journal, January 2015

Proton-Induced Trap States, Injection and Recombination Dynamics in Water-Splitting Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells
journal, June 2016

pH-dependent surface charging and points of zero charge II. Update
journal, July 2004

Revealing the Relationship between Semiconductor Electronic Structure and Electron Transfer Dynamics at Metal Oxide–Chromophore Interfaces
journal, November 2013

Photo-electrochemical properties of nanostructured WO3 prepared with different organic dispersing agents
journal, May 2010

Self-Assembled PDINH Supramolecular System for Photocatalysis under Visible Light
journal, June 2016

Self-assembling hydrogel scaffolds for photocatalytic hydrogen production
journal, October 2014

Supramolecular organic nanofibers with highly efficient and stable visible light photooxidation performance
journal, March 2017

Water splitting dye-sensitized solar cells
journal, June 2017

The Isoelectric Points of Solid Oxides, Solid Hydroxides, and Aqueous Hydroxo Complex Systems
journal, April 1965

Dye-Sensitized Core−Shell Nanocrystals: Improved Efficiency of Mesoporous Tin Oxide Electrodes Coated with a Thin Layer of an Insulating Oxide
journal, July 2002

Photoassisted Overall Water Splitting in a Visible Light-Absorbing Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cell
journal, January 2009

Artificial Molecular Photosynthetic Systems: Towards Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
journal, October 2016

Bridge Length-Dependent Ultrafast Electron Transfer from Re Polypyridyl Complexes to Nanocrystalline TiO ₂ Thin Films Studied by Femtosecond Infrared Spectroscopy
journal, November 2000

Recent advances in dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells for solar hydrogen production based on molecular components
journal, January 2015

A visible light water-splitting cell with a photoanode formed by codeposition of a high-potential porphyrin and an iridium water-oxidation catalyst
journal, January 2011

Real roles of perylenetetracarboxylic diimide for enhancing photocatalytic H2-production
journal, August 2016

Visible-Light Photooxidation of Water to Oxygen at Hybrid TiO2-Polyheptazine Photoanodes with Photodeposited Co-Pi (CoOx) Cocatalyst
journal, April 2012

Visible-Light-Assisted Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation by Thin Films of a Phosphonate-Functionalized Perylene Diimide Plus CoO _x Cocatalyst
journal, March 2014

Photodriven Oxidation of Surface-Bound Iridium-Based Molecular Water-Oxidation Catalysts on Perylene-3,4-dicarboximide-Sensitized TiO ₂ Electrodes Protected by an Al ₂ O ₃ Layer
journal, February 2017

Two Electrode Collector–Generator Method for the Detection of Electrochemically or Photoelectrochemically Produced O ₂
journal, July 2016

Investigation on the Kinetics of Electroreduction Processes at Dark TiO[sub 2] and SrTiO[sub 3] Single Crystal Semiconductor Electrodes
journal, January 1980

Holy Grails of Chemistry
journal, March 1995

Robust Benzo[ g , h , i ]perylenetriimide Dye-Sensitized Electrodes in Air-Saturated Aqueous Buffer Solution
journal, March 2016

Interfacial electron transfer in photoanodes based on phosphorus( v ) porphyrin sensitizers co-deposited on SnO ₂ with the Ir(III)Cp* water oxidation precatalyst
journal, January 2015

Ultrafast photodriven intramolecular electron transfer from an iridium-based water-oxidation catalyst to perylene diimide derivatives
journal, May 2012

Molecular engineering of sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cell applications
journal, June 2012

Visible-light photocurrent response of TiO2–polyheptazine hybrids: evidence for interfacial charge-transfer absorption
journal, January 2011

Modification of Nanocrystalline WO ₃ with a Dicationic Perylene Bisimide: Applications to Molecular Level Solar Water Splitting
journal, April 2015

Atomic layer deposition for photovoltaics: applications and prospects for solar cell manufacturing
journal, June 2012

The pH-Dependent Surface Charging and the Points of Zero Charge
journal, September 2002