Simulation of magnetic holes formation in the magnetosheath

Ahmadi, Narges; Germaschewski, Kai; Raeder, Joachim

doi:10.1063/1.5003017

Title: Simulation of magnetic holes formation in the magnetosheath

Abstract

Magnetic holes have been frequently observed in the Earth's magnetosheath and are believed to be the consequence of the nonlinear evolution of the mirror instability. Mirror mode perturbations mainly form as magnetic holes in regions where the plasma is marginally mirror stable with respect to the linear instability criterion. We present an expanding box particle-in-cell simulation to mimic the changing conditions in the magnetosheath as the plasma is convected through it that produces mirror mode magnetic holes. We show that in the initial nonlinear evolution, where the plasma conditions are mirror unstable, the magnetic peaks are dominant, while later, as the plasma relaxes toward marginal stability, the fluctuations evolve into deep magnetic holes. Finally, while the averaged plasma parameters in the simulation remain close to the mirror instability threshold, the local plasma in the magnetic holes is highly unstable to mirror instability and locally mirror stable in the magnetic peaks.

Authors:

^[1];

^[2];

^[2]

Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Lab. for Atmospheric and Space Physics
Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States). Dept. of Physics and Space Science Center

Publication Date:: Tue Dec 26 00:00:00 EST 2017

Research Org.:: Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1514861

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1414881

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0006670; PHYS-1229408; TG-MCA98N022

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physics of Plasmas

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 24; Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY

Citation Formats


                    Ahmadi, Narges, Germaschewski, Kai, and Raeder, Joachim. Simulation of magnetic holes formation in the magnetosheath.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/1.5003017.

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                    Ahmadi, Narges, Germaschewski, Kai, & Raeder, Joachim. Simulation of magnetic holes formation in the magnetosheath.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5003017

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                    Ahmadi, Narges, Germaschewski, Kai, and Raeder, Joachim. Tue .  
"Simulation of magnetic holes formation in the magnetosheath".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5003017.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1514861.

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@article{osti_1514861,

  title        = {Simulation of magnetic holes formation in the magnetosheath},

  author       = {Ahmadi, Narges and Germaschewski, Kai and Raeder, Joachim},

  abstractNote = {Magnetic holes have been frequently observed in the Earth's magnetosheath and are believed to be the consequence of the nonlinear evolution of the mirror instability. Mirror mode perturbations mainly form as magnetic holes in regions where the plasma is marginally mirror stable with respect to the linear instability criterion. We present an expanding box particle-in-cell simulation to mimic the changing conditions in the magnetosheath as the plasma is convected through it that produces mirror mode magnetic holes. We show that in the initial nonlinear evolution, where the plasma conditions are mirror unstable, the magnetic peaks are dominant, while later, as the plasma relaxes toward marginal stability, the fluctuations evolve into deep magnetic holes. Finally, while the averaged plasma parameters in the simulation remain close to the mirror instability threshold, the local plasma in the magnetic holes is highly unstable to mirror instability and locally mirror stable in the magnetic peaks.},

  doi          = {10.1063/1.5003017},

  journal      = {Physics of Plasmas},

  number       = 12,

  volume       = 24,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Dec 26 00:00:00 EST 2017},

  month        = {Tue Dec 26 00:00:00 EST 2017}

}

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Journal Article:

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https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5003017

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Cited by: 22 works

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Figures / Tables:

FIG. 1: (a) Evolution during plasma expansion (red line) in the (β_p||, T_p_⟂/T_p_||) space. The overplotted curves show the contours of the instability threshold in the corresponding bi-Maxwellian plasma for mirror and proton cyclotron instabilities. The blue star shows the start of the simulation. (b) Evolution of electron temperature anisotropymore »

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Works referenced in this record:

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Electron mirror instability: particle-in-cell simulations
journal, July 2018

Hellinger, Petr; Štverák, Štěpán
Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 84, Issue 4
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Generation of Electron Whistler Waves at the Mirror Mode Magnetic Holes: MMS Observations and PIC Simulation
journal, August 2018

Ahmadi, N.; Wilder, F. D.; Ergun, R. E.
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Electron Dynamics in Magnetosheath Mirror-Mode Structures
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Yao, S. T.; Shi, Q. Q.; Liu, J.
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Huang, S. Y.; He, L. H.; Yuan, Z. G.
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Onset and Evolution of the Oblique, Resonant Electron Firehose Instability in the Expanding Solar Wind Plasma
journal, September 2019

Innocenti, Maria Elena; Tenerani, Anna; Boella, Elisabetta
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 2
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Thermodynamic Properties of Mirror Structures in the Magnetosheath: MMS Observations and Double-polytropic MHD Simulations
journal, October 2019

Teh, Wai-Leong; Zenitani, Seiji
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab4417

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text, January 2018

Ahmadi, Narges; Wilder, Frederick; Ergun, Robert
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Electron mirror instability: Particle-in-cell simulations
text, January 2018

Hellinger, Petr; Stverak, Stepan
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Title: Simulation of magnetic holes formation in the magnetosheath

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

Mirror mode structures in the Jovian magnetosheath journal, January 2006

Dynamical Model for Nonlinear Mirror Modes near Threshold journal, June 2007

Statistical properties of mirror mode structures observed by Ulysses in the magnetosheath of Jupiter journal, January 1996

Universal properties of mirror mode turbulence in the Earth's magnetosheath: PROPERTIES OF MIRROR MODE TURBULENCE journal, May 2015

Lion roars and nonoscillatory drift mirror waves in the magnetosheath journal, January 1982

Large-amplitude hydromagnetic waves in the inner magnetosheath journal, September 1970

Electron Heating by the ion Cyclotron Instability in Collisionless Accretion Flows. i. Compression-Driven Instabilities and the Electron Heating Mechanism journal, February 2015

Gyrokinetic particle simulation of nonlinear evolution of mirror instability: NONLINEAR EVOLUTION OF THE MIRROR MODE journal, November 2013

Electron Heating by the ion Cyclotron Instability in Collisionless Accretion Flows. ii. Electron Heating Efficiency as a Function of flow Conditions journal, February 2015

Ulysses field and plasma observations of magnetic holes in the solar wind and their relation to mirror-mode structures journal, January 1994

Reply to comment by Remya et al. on “Effects of electron temperature anisotropy on proton mirror instability evolution” journal, January 2017

Whistler instability: Electron anisotropy upper bound journal, May 1996

Linear dispersion relation for the mirror instability in context of the gyrokinetic theory journal, October 2013

Hybrid simulations of the magnetosheath compression: Marginal stability path: PLASMA COMPRESSION journal, September 2003

Electron contribution in mirror instability in quasi‐linear regime journal, July 2017

Ion temperature anisotropy instabilities in planetary magnetosheaths: ION INSTABILITIES IN THE MAGNETOSHEATH journal, February 2013

Cyclotron instabilities driven by temperature anisotropy in the solar wind journal, October 2017

Electron temperature effects in the linear proton mirror instability journal, March 1995

Mirror structures above and below the linear instability threshold: Cluster observations, fluid model and hybrid simulations journal, January 2009

Properties of magnetosheath mirror modes observed by Cluster and their response to changes in plasma parameters: MIRROR MODE PROPERTIES journal, April 2008

Effects of electron temperature anisotropy on proton mirror instability evolution: KINETIC WAVES AND INSTABILITIES journal, June 2016

THEMIS observations of mirror structures: Magnetic holes and instability threshold: MIRROR MODE THRESHOLD journal, February 2009

Mirror instability II: The mechanism of nonlinear saturation journal, August 1996

Evolution of mirror structures in the magnetosheath of Saturn from the bow shock to the magnetopause journal, June 1998

The mirror and ion cyclotron anisotropy instabilities journal, January 1992

Numerical simulation of nonoscillatory mirror waves at the Earth's magnetosheath journal, January 1986

The Boltzmann equation an d the one-fluid hydromagnetic equations in the absence of particle collisions journal, July 1956

The Plasma Simulation Code: A modern particle-in-cell code with patch-based load-balancing journal, August 2016

Mirror instability with finite electron temperature effects journal, February 2000

A statistical study of the dawn-dusk asymmetry of ion temperature anisotropy and mirror mode occurrence in the terrestrial dayside magnetosheath using THEMIS data: MAGNETOSHEATH MIRROR MODE ASYMMETRY journal, July 2015

Kinetic instabilities in the solar wind driven by temperature anisotropies journal, July 2017

Magnetosheath compression: Role of characteristic compression time, alpha particle abundance, and alpha/proton relative velocity: MAGNETOSHEATH COMPRESSION journal, April 2005

Electron mirror instability: particle-in-cell simulations journal, July 2018

Generation of Electron Whistler Waves at the Mirror Mode Magnetic Holes: MMS Observations and PIC Simulation journal, August 2018

Electron Dynamics in Magnetosheath Mirror-Mode Structures journal, July 2018

First observations of magnetic holes deep within the coma of a comet journal, October 2018

MMS Observations of Kinetic-size Magnetic Holes in the Terrestrial Magnetotail Plasma Sheet journal, April 2019

Onset and Evolution of the Oblique, Resonant Electron Firehose Instability in the Expanding Solar Wind Plasma journal, September 2019

Thermodynamic Properties of Mirror Structures in the Magnetosheath: MMS Observations and Double-polytropic MHD Simulations journal, October 2019

Generation of Electron Whistler Waves at the Mirror Mode Magnetic Holes: MMS Observations and PIC Simulation text, January 2018

Electron mirror instability: Particle-in-cell simulations text, January 2018

Mirror mode structures in the Jovian magnetosheath
journal, January 2006

Dynamical Model for Nonlinear Mirror Modes near Threshold
journal, June 2007

Statistical properties of mirror mode structures observed by Ulysses in the magnetosheath of Jupiter
journal, January 1996

Universal properties of mirror mode turbulence in the Earth's magnetosheath: PROPERTIES OF MIRROR MODE TURBULENCE
journal, May 2015

Lion roars and nonoscillatory drift mirror waves in the magnetosheath
journal, January 1982

Large-amplitude hydromagnetic waves in the inner magnetosheath
journal, September 1970

Electron Heating by the ion Cyclotron Instability in Collisionless Accretion Flows. i. Compression-Driven Instabilities and the Electron Heating Mechanism
journal, February 2015

Gyrokinetic particle simulation of nonlinear evolution of mirror instability: NONLINEAR EVOLUTION OF THE MIRROR MODE
journal, November 2013

Electron Heating by the ion Cyclotron Instability in Collisionless Accretion Flows. ii. Electron Heating Efficiency as a Function of flow Conditions
journal, February 2015

Ulysses field and plasma observations of magnetic holes in the solar wind and their relation to mirror-mode structures
journal, January 1994

Reply to comment by Remya et al. on “Effects of electron temperature anisotropy on proton mirror instability evolution”
journal, January 2017

Whistler instability: Electron anisotropy upper bound
journal, May 1996

Linear dispersion relation for the mirror instability in context of the gyrokinetic theory
journal, October 2013

Hybrid simulations of the magnetosheath compression: Marginal stability path: PLASMA COMPRESSION
journal, September 2003

Electron contribution in mirror instability in quasi‐linear regime
journal, July 2017

Ion temperature anisotropy instabilities in planetary magnetosheaths: ION INSTABILITIES IN THE MAGNETOSHEATH
journal, February 2013

Cyclotron instabilities driven by temperature anisotropy in the solar wind
journal, October 2017

Electron temperature effects in the linear proton mirror instability
journal, March 1995

Mirror structures above and below the linear instability threshold: Cluster observations, fluid model and hybrid simulations
journal, January 2009

Properties of magnetosheath mirror modes observed by Cluster and their response to changes in plasma parameters: MIRROR MODE PROPERTIES
journal, April 2008

Effects of electron temperature anisotropy on proton mirror instability evolution: KINETIC WAVES AND INSTABILITIES
journal, June 2016

THEMIS observations of mirror structures: Magnetic holes and instability threshold: MIRROR MODE THRESHOLD
journal, February 2009

Mirror instability II: The mechanism of nonlinear saturation
journal, August 1996

Evolution of mirror structures in the magnetosheath of Saturn from the bow shock to the magnetopause
journal, June 1998

The mirror and ion cyclotron anisotropy instabilities
journal, January 1992

Numerical simulation of nonoscillatory mirror waves at the Earth's magnetosheath
journal, January 1986

The Boltzmann equation an d the one-fluid hydromagnetic equations in the absence of particle collisions
journal, July 1956

The Plasma Simulation Code: A modern particle-in-cell code with patch-based load-balancing
journal, August 2016

Mirror instability with finite electron temperature effects
journal, February 2000

A statistical study of the dawn-dusk asymmetry of ion temperature anisotropy and mirror mode occurrence in the terrestrial dayside magnetosheath using THEMIS data: MAGNETOSHEATH MIRROR MODE ASYMMETRY
journal, July 2015

Kinetic instabilities in the solar wind driven by temperature anisotropies
journal, July 2017

Magnetosheath compression: Role of characteristic compression time, alpha particle abundance, and alpha/proton relative velocity: MAGNETOSHEATH COMPRESSION
journal, April 2005

Electron mirror instability: particle-in-cell simulations
journal, July 2018

Generation of Electron Whistler Waves at the Mirror Mode Magnetic Holes: MMS Observations and PIC Simulation
journal, August 2018

Electron Dynamics in Magnetosheath Mirror-Mode Structures
journal, July 2018

First observations of magnetic holes deep within the coma of a comet
journal, October 2018

MMS Observations of Kinetic-size Magnetic Holes in the Terrestrial Magnetotail Plasma Sheet
journal, April 2019

Onset and Evolution of the Oblique, Resonant Electron Firehose Instability in the Expanding Solar Wind Plasma
journal, September 2019

Thermodynamic Properties of Mirror Structures in the Magnetosheath: MMS Observations and Double-polytropic MHD Simulations
journal, October 2019

Generation of Electron Whistler Waves at the Mirror Mode Magnetic Holes: MMS Observations and PIC Simulation
text, January 2018

Electron mirror instability: Particle-in-cell simulations
text, January 2018