Generating gradient germanium nanostructures by shock-induced amorphization and crystallization

Zhao, Shiteng; Kad, Bimal; Wehrenberg, Christopher E.; Remington, Bruce A.; Hahn, Eric N.; More, Karren L.; Meyers, Marc A.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1708853114

Title: Generating gradient germanium nanostructures by shock-induced amorphization and crystallization

Abstract

Gradient nanostructures are attracting considerable interest due to their potential to obtain superior structural and functional properties of materials. Applying powerful laser-driven shocks (stresses of up to one-third million atmospheres, or 33 gigapascals) to germanium, we report here a complex gradient nanostructure consisting of, near the surface, nanocrystals with high density of nanotwins. Beyond there, the structure exhibits arrays of amorphous bands which are preceded by planar defects such as stacking faults generated by partial dislocations. At a lower shock stress, the surface region of the recovered target is completely amorphous. We propose that germanium undergoes amorphization above a threshold stress and that the deformation-generated heat leads to nanocrystallization. These experiments are corroborated by molecular dynamics simulations which show that supersonic partial dislocation bursts play a role in triggering the crystalline-to-amorphous transition.

Authors:: Zhao, Shiteng; Kad, Bimal; Wehrenberg, Christopher E.; Remington, Bruce A.; Hahn, Eric N.; More, Karren L.; Meyers, Marc A.

Publication Date:: Mon Aug 28 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities Division

Contributing Org.:: Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States). Lab. for Laser Energetics

OSTI Identifier:: 1377093

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1414697; OSTI ID: 1462273; OSTI ID: 1476238

Report Number(s):: DE-UCSD-NA0002080; LLNL-JRNL-741090
Journal ID: ISSN 0027-8424

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; 09-LR-06-118456-MEYM; NA0002930; LFR-17-449059; AC52-07NA27344; NA0002080

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Journal Volume: 114 Journal Issue: 37; Journal ID: ISSN 0027-8424

Publisher:: National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC (United States)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; amorphization; laser shock; nanocrystallization; germanium; gradient materials

Citation Formats


                    Zhao, Shiteng, Kad, Bimal, Wehrenberg, Christopher E., Remington, Bruce A., Hahn, Eric N., More, Karren L., and Meyers, Marc A. Generating gradient germanium nanostructures by shock-induced amorphization and crystallization.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1073/pnas.1708853114.

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                    Zhao, Shiteng, Kad, Bimal, Wehrenberg, Christopher E., Remington, Bruce A., Hahn, Eric N., More, Karren L., & Meyers, Marc A. Generating gradient germanium nanostructures by shock-induced amorphization and crystallization.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708853114

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                    Zhao, Shiteng, Kad, Bimal, Wehrenberg, Christopher E., Remington, Bruce A., Hahn, Eric N., More, Karren L., and Meyers, Marc A. Mon .  
"Generating gradient germanium nanostructures by shock-induced amorphization and crystallization".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708853114.

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@article{osti_1377093,

  title        = {Generating gradient germanium nanostructures by shock-induced amorphization and crystallization},

  author       = {Zhao, Shiteng and Kad, Bimal and Wehrenberg, Christopher E. and Remington, Bruce A. and Hahn, Eric N. and More, Karren L. and Meyers, Marc A.},

  abstractNote = {Gradient nanostructures are attracting considerable interest due to their potential to obtain superior structural and functional properties of materials. Applying powerful laser-driven shocks (stresses of up to one-third million atmospheres, or 33 gigapascals) to germanium, we report here a complex gradient nanostructure consisting of, near the surface, nanocrystals with high density of nanotwins. Beyond there, the structure exhibits arrays of amorphous bands which are preceded by planar defects such as stacking faults generated by partial dislocations. At a lower shock stress, the surface region of the recovered target is completely amorphous. We propose that germanium undergoes amorphization above a threshold stress and that the deformation-generated heat leads to nanocrystallization. These experiments are corroborated by molecular dynamics simulations which show that supersonic partial dislocation bursts play a role in triggering the crystalline-to-amorphous transition.},

  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.1708853114},

  journal      = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},

  number       = 37,

  volume       = 114,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Aug 28 00:00:00 EDT 2017},

  month        = {Mon Aug 28 00:00:00 EDT 2017}

}

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Title: Generating gradient germanium nanostructures by shock-induced amorphization and crystallization

Abstract

Citation Formats

Pressure-induced amorphization and polyamorphism: Inorganic and biochemical systems journal, April 2014

Crystal-Amorphous and Crystal-Crystal Phase Transformations via Virtual Melting journal, August 2005

Shock-Produced Olivine Glass: First Observation journal, July 1977

Formation of Nanotwin Networks during High-Temperature Crystallization of Amorphous Germanium journal, November 2015

‘Melting ice’ I at 77 K and 10 kbar: a new method of making amorphous solids journal, August 1984

A density-driven phase transition between semiconducting and metallic polyamorphs of silicon journal, August 2005

Refractive index of lithium fluoride ramp compressed to 800 GPa journal, June 2011

Amorphization and Conductivity of Silicon and Germanium Induced by Indentation journal, May 1988

Dynamic Behavior of Materials book, September 1994

Melting Temperature and Explosive Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon during Pulsed Laser Irradiation journal, June 1984

Axial yield strengths and phase‐transition stresses for 〈100〉, 〈110〉, and 〈111〉 germanium journal, November 1972

Ultrahigh Strength and High Electrical Conductivity in Copper journal, April 2004

Dynamic creation and evolution of gradient nanostructure in single-crystal metallic microcubes journal, October 2016

Electron Microscopy Study of Germanium Glass Vitrified by High Pressure Melt-Quench journal, August 2008

Pressure-induced amorphization and an amorphous–amorphous transition in densified porous silicon journal, November 2001

Pressure and shear-induced amorphization of silicon journal, December 2015

Fast analysis of molecular dynamics trajectories with graphics processing units—Radial distribution function histogramming journal, May 2011

Vitrification of a monatomic metallic liquid journal, August 2007

Microstructural Observations of α-Quartz Amorphization journal, January 1993

Pressure-induced amorphization of crystalline silica journal, July 1988

Fast Parallel Algorithms for Short-Range Molecular Dynamics journal, March 1995

Pressure-Induced Amorphization and a New High Density Amorphous Metallic Phase in Matrix-Free Ge Nanoparticles journal, October 2015

Virtual melting as a new mechanism of stress relaxation under high strain rate loading journal, July 2012

Scope for producing supercooled melts by a dynamic method journal, September 1983

Directional amorphization of boron carbide subjected to laser shock compression journal, October 2016

Empirical interatomic potential for silicon with improved elastic properties journal, November 1988

Equation of state, phase stability, and amorphization of SnI 4 at high pressure and temperature journal, March 2010

Visualization and analysis of atomistic simulation data with OVITO–the Open Visualization Tool journal, December 2009

Formation of monatomic metallic glasses through ultrafast liquid quenching journal, August 2014

Amorphization and nanocrystallization of silicon under shock compression journal, January 2016

Pressure induced amorphization of materials journal, January 1996

A constitutive model for metals applicable at high‐strain rate journal, March 1980

Dislocations Faster than the Speed of Sound journal, February 1999

New materials from high-pressure experiments journal, September 2002

Development of the indirect‐drive approach to inertial confinement fusion and the target physics basis for ignition and gain journal, November 1995

Rate-dependent phase transformations in nanoindented germanium journal, June 2009

Melting and Polymorphism at High Pressures in Some Group IV Elements and III-V Compounds with the Diamond/Zincblende Structure journal, April 1963

Crystal Structures at High Pressures of Metallic Modifications of Silicon and Germanium journal, February 1963

Amorphization of hard crystalline materials by electrosprayed nanodroplet impact journal, November 2014

Pressure-induced amorphization and polyamorphism: Inorganic and biochemical systems
journal, April 2014

Crystal-Amorphous and Crystal-Crystal Phase Transformations via Virtual Melting
journal, August 2005

Shock-Produced Olivine Glass: First Observation
journal, July 1977

Formation of Nanotwin Networks during High-Temperature Crystallization of Amorphous Germanium
journal, November 2015

‘Melting ice’ I at 77 K and 10 kbar: a new method of making amorphous solids
journal, August 1984

A density-driven phase transition between semiconducting and metallic polyamorphs of silicon
journal, August 2005

Refractive index of lithium fluoride ramp compressed to 800 GPa
journal, June 2011

Amorphization and Conductivity of Silicon and Germanium Induced by Indentation
journal, May 1988

Dynamic Behavior of Materials
book, September 1994

Melting Temperature and Explosive Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon during Pulsed Laser Irradiation
journal, June 1984

Axial yield strengths and phase‐transition stresses for 〈100〉, 〈110〉, and 〈111〉 germanium
journal, November 1972

Ultrahigh Strength and High Electrical Conductivity in Copper
journal, April 2004

Dynamic creation and evolution of gradient nanostructure in single-crystal metallic microcubes
journal, October 2016

Electron Microscopy Study of Germanium Glass Vitrified by High Pressure Melt-Quench
journal, August 2008

Pressure-induced amorphization and an amorphous–amorphous transition in densified porous silicon
journal, November 2001

Pressure and shear-induced amorphization of silicon
journal, December 2015

Fast analysis of molecular dynamics trajectories with graphics processing units—Radial distribution function histogramming
journal, May 2011

Vitrification of a monatomic metallic liquid
journal, August 2007

Microstructural Observations of α-Quartz Amorphization
journal, January 1993

Pressure-induced amorphization of crystalline silica
journal, July 1988

Fast Parallel Algorithms for Short-Range Molecular Dynamics
journal, March 1995

Pressure-Induced Amorphization and a New High Density Amorphous Metallic Phase in Matrix-Free Ge Nanoparticles
journal, October 2015

Virtual melting as a new mechanism of stress relaxation under high strain rate loading
journal, July 2012

Scope for producing supercooled melts by a dynamic method
journal, September 1983

Directional amorphization of boron carbide subjected to laser shock compression
journal, October 2016

Empirical interatomic potential for silicon with improved elastic properties
journal, November 1988

Equation of state, phase stability, and amorphization of ${SnI}_{4}$ at high pressure and temperature
journal, March 2010

Visualization and analysis of atomistic simulation data with OVITO–the Open Visualization Tool
journal, December 2009

Formation of monatomic metallic glasses through ultrafast liquid quenching
journal, August 2014

Amorphization and nanocrystallization of silicon under shock compression
journal, January 2016

Pressure induced amorphization of materials
journal, January 1996

A constitutive model for metals applicable at high‐strain rate
journal, March 1980

Dislocations Faster than the Speed of Sound
journal, February 1999

New materials from high-pressure experiments
journal, September 2002

Development of the indirect‐drive approach to inertial confinement fusion and the target physics basis for ignition and gain
journal, November 1995

Rate-dependent phase transformations in nanoindented germanium
journal, June 2009

Melting and Polymorphism at High Pressures in Some Group IV Elements and III-V Compounds with the Diamond/Zincblende Structure
journal, April 1963

Crystal Structures at High Pressures of Metallic Modifications of Silicon and Germanium
journal, February 1963

Amorphization of hard crystalline materials by electrosprayed nanodroplet impact
journal, November 2014