Baryon number and lepton universality violation in leptoquark and diquark models

Assad, Nima; Fornal, Bartosz; Grinstein, Benjamín

doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2017.12.042

Title: Baryon number and lepton universality violation in leptoquark and diquark models

Abstract

We perform a systematic study of models involving leptoquarks and diquarks with masses well below the grand unification scale and demonstrate that a large class of them is excluded due to rapid proton decay. After singling out the few phenomenologically viable color triplet and sextet scenarios, we show that there exist only two leptoquark models which do not suffer from tree-level proton decay and which have the potential for explaining the recently discovered anomalies in B meson decays. Both of those models, however, contain dimension five operators contributing to proton decay and require a new symmetry forbidding them to emerge at a higher scale. This has a particularly nice realization for the model with the vector leptoquark (3,1)_2/3, which points to a specific extension of the Standard Model, namely the Pati–Salam unification model, where this leptoquark naturally arises as the new gauge boson. We explore this possibility in light of recent B physics measurements. Finally, we analyze also a vector diquark model, discussing its LHC phenomenology and showing that it has nontrivial predictions for neutron–antineutron oscillation experiments.

Authors:

Assad, Nima;

; Grinstein, Benjamín

Publication Date:: 2018-02-01

Research Org.:: Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1414027

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1546063

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0009919

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Physics Letters B

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Physics Letters B Journal Volume: 777 Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0370-2693

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: Netherlands

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; Proton decay; Leptoquarks; Pati–Salam unification; B anomalies; Diquarks; oscillations

Citation Formats


                    Assad, Nima, Fornal, Bartosz, and Grinstein, Benjamín. Baryon number and lepton universality violation in leptoquark and diquark models.  Netherlands: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2017.12.042.

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                    Assad, Nima, Fornal, Bartosz, & Grinstein, Benjamín. Baryon number and lepton universality violation in leptoquark and diquark models.  Netherlands.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.12.042

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                    Assad, Nima, Fornal, Bartosz, and Grinstein, Benjamín. Thu .  
"Baryon number and lepton universality violation in leptoquark and diquark models".  Netherlands.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.12.042.

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@article{osti_1414027,

  title        = {Baryon number and lepton universality violation in leptoquark and diquark models},

  author       = {Assad, Nima and Fornal, Bartosz and Grinstein, Benjamín},

  abstractNote = {We perform a systematic study of models involving leptoquarks and diquarks with masses well below the grand unification scale and demonstrate that a large class of them is excluded due to rapid proton decay. After singling out the few phenomenologically viable color triplet and sextet scenarios, we show that there exist only two leptoquark models which do not suffer from tree-level proton decay and which have the potential for explaining the recently discovered anomalies in B meson decays. Both of those models, however, contain dimension five operators contributing to proton decay and require a new symmetry forbidding them to emerge at a higher scale. This has a particularly nice realization for the model with the vector leptoquark (3,1)2/3, which points to a specific extension of the Standard Model, namely the Pati–Salam unification model, where this leptoquark naturally arises as the new gauge boson. We explore this possibility in light of recent B physics measurements. Finally, we analyze also a vector diquark model, discussing its LHC phenomenology and showing that it has nontrivial predictions for neutron–antineutron oscillation experiments.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.physletb.2017.12.042},

  journal      = {Physics Letters B},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 777,

  place        = {Netherlands},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {2}

}

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2018, Issue 7
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Cornella, Claudia; Fuentes-Martín, Javier; Isidori, Gino
Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2019, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1007/jhep07(2019)168

R D * , R K * $$ {R}_{D^{\left(\right)}},{R}_{K^{\left(\right)}} $$ and neutrino mass in the 2HDM-III with right-handed neutrinos
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Li, Shao-Ping; Li, Xin-Qiang; Yang, Ya-Dong
Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2018, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1007/jhep09(2018)149

Combined explanations of B-physics anomalies: the sterile neutrino solution
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Azatov, Aleksandr; Barducci, Daniele; Ghosh, Diptimoy
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Simultaneous interpretation of K and B anomalies in terms of chiral-flavorful vectors
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Matsuzaki, Shinya; Nishiwaki, Kenji; Yamamoto, Kei
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DOI: 10.1007/jhep11(2018)164

Third family hypercharge model for RK∗$$ {R}_{K^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$ and aspects of the fermion mass problem
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Allanach, B. C.; Davighi, Joe
Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2018, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1007/jhep12(2018)075

Lepton non-universality in B decays and fermion mass structure
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Grinstein, B.; Pokorski, S.; Ross, G. G.
Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2018, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1007/jhep12(2018)079

Pati-Salam explanations of the B-meson anomalies
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Heeck, Julian; Teresi, Daniele
Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2018, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1007/jhep12(2018)103

Revisiting the new-physics interpretation of the b → cτν data
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Shi, Rui-Xiang; Geng, Li-Sheng; Grinstein, Benjamín
Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2019, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1007/jhep12(2019)065

Review of lepton universality tests in B decays
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Bifani, Simone; Descotes-Genon, Sébastien; Vidal, Antonio Romero
Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 46, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6471/aaf5de

Phenomenology of $\,{{b\to c\tau\bar\nu }}\,$ decays in a scalar leptoquark model
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Yan, Han; Yang, Ya-Dong; Yuan, Xing-Bo
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DOI: 10.1088/1674-1137/43/8/083105

$R_{2}$ as a single leptoquark solution to $R_{D^{()}}$ and $R_{K^{()}}$
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Popov, Oleg; Schmidt, Michael A.; White, Graham
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DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.035028

Common explanation to the $R_{K^{()}}$ , $R_{D^{()}}$ , and $ε^{'} / ε$ anomalies in a 3HDM with right-handed neutrinos and connections to neutrino physics
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Marzo, Carlo; Marzola, Luca; Raidal, Martti
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DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.055031

Charged current $b \to c τ {\bar{ν}}_{τ}$ anomalies in a general $W^{'}$ boson scenario
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Gómez, John D.; Quintero, Néstor; Rojas, Eduardo
Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.093003

Investigation of effects of new physics in $Λ_{b} \to Λ_{c} τ {\bar{ν}}_{τ}$ decay
journal, December 2019

Mu, Xiao-Long; Li, Ying; Zou, Zhi-Tian
Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.113004

$B$ -physics anomalies: The bridge between $R$ -parity violating supersymmetry and flavored dark matter
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Trifinopoulos, Sokratis
Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.115022

Inclusive nucleon decay searches as a frontier of baryon number violation
journal, January 2020

Heeck, Julian; Takhistov, Volodymyr
Physical Review D, Vol. 101, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.101.015005

Addressing the $R_{D^{(*)}}$ anomalies with an $S_{1}$ leptoquark from SO(10) grand unification
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Aydemir, Ufuk; Mandal, Tanumoy; Mitra, Subhadip
Physical Review D, Vol. 101, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.101.015011

Unified SU(4) theory for the $R_{D^{()}}$ and $R_{K^{()}}$ anomalies
journal, January 2020

Balaji, Shyam; Schmidt, Michael A.
Physical Review D, Vol. 101, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.101.015026

Updated $B_{s}$ -mixing constraints on new physics models for $b \to s ℓ^{+} ℓ^{-}$ anomalies
journal, May 2018

Di Luzio, Luca; Kirk, Matthew; Lenz, Alexander
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DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.97.095035

Model of vector leptoquarks in view of the $B$ -physics anomalies
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Calibbi, Lorenzo; Crivellin, Andreas; Li, Tianjun
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DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.98.115002

Combined explanations of the $b \to s μ^{+} μ^{-}$ and $b \to c τ^{-} \bar{ν}$ anomalies: A general model analysis
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Kumar, Jacky; London, David; Watanabe, Ryoutaro
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$R$ -parity violating solutions to the $R_{D^{(*)}}$ anomaly and their GUT-scale unifications
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Hu, Quan-Yi; Li, Xin-Qiang; Muramatsu, Yu
Physical Review D, Vol. 99, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.99.015008

Left-right SU(4) vector leptoquark model for flavor anomalies
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Fornal, Bartosz; Gadam, Sri Aditya; Grinstein, Benjamín
Physical Review D, Vol. 99, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.99.055025

Impact of polarization observables and $B_{c} \to τ ν$ on new physics explanations of the $b \to c τ ν$ anomaly
journal, April 2019

Blanke, Monika; Crivellin, Andreas; de Boer, Stefan
Physical Review D, Vol. 99, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.99.075006

Leptoquark solution for both the flavor and ANITA anomalies
journal, May 2019

Chauhan, Bhavesh; Mohanty, Subhendra
Physical Review D, Vol. 99, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.99.095018

Dark Matter Interpretation of the Neutron Decay Anomaly
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Fornal, Bartosz; Grinstein, Benjamín
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 19
DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.191801

$B$ Meson Anomalies in a Pati-Salam Model within the Randall-Sundrum Background
journal, July 2018

Blanke, Monika; Crivellin, Andreas
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.011801

Importance of Loop Effects in Explaining the Accumulated Evidence for New Physics in $B$ Decays with a Vector Leptoquark
journal, January 2019

Crivellin, Andreas; Greub, Christoph; Saturnino, Francesco
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.011805

Fermionic dark matter in leptoquark portal
journal, September 2018

Mandal, Rusa
The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 78, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6192-3

Revisiting R-parity violating interactions as an explanation of the B-physics anomalies
journal, October 2018

Trifinopoulos, Sokratis
The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 78, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6280-4

Helicity amplitudes in $$B \rightarrow D^{*} \bar{\nu } l$$ B → D ∗ ν ¯ l decay
journal, November 2018

Dai, L. R.; Oset, E.
The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 78, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6438-0

High- $$p_T$$ p T signatures in vector–leptoquark models
journal, April 2019

Baker, Michael J.; Fuentes-Martín, Javier; Isidori, Gino
The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 79, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6853-x

Simplified models of flavourful leptoquarks
journal, June 2019

de Medeiros Varzielas, Ivo; Talbert, Jim
The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 79, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7047-2

Phenomenology of an extended IDM with loop-generated fermion mass hierarchies
journal, July 2019

Cárcamo Hernández, A. E.; Kovalenko, Sergey; Pasechnik, Roman
The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 79, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7101-0

New Physics in $${\varvec{b \rightarrow s \ell ^+ \ell ^-}}$$ b → s ℓ + ℓ - confronts new data on lepton universality
journal, August 2019

Ciuchini, Marco; Coutinho, António M.; Fedele, Marco
The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 79, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7210-9

Implications for new physics in $$b\rightarrow s \mu \mu $$b→sμμ transitions after recent measurements by Belle and LHCb
journal, October 2019

Kowalska, Kamila; Kumar, Dinesh; Sessolo, Enrico Maria
The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 79, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7330-2

b → cℓν anomalies in light of extended scalar sectors
journal, July 2019

Biswas, Aritra; Ghosh, Dilip Kumar; Patra, Sunando Kumar
International Journal of Modern Physics A, Vol. 34, Issue 21
DOI: 10.1142/s0217751x19501124

Finite Family Groups for Fermionic and Leptoquark Mixing Patterns
text, January 2019

Bernigaud, Jordan; De Medeiros Varzielas, Ivo; Talbert, Jim
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
DOI: 10.3204/pubdb-2019-02662

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Title: Baryon number and lepton universality violation in leptoquark and diquark models

Abstract

Citation Formats

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Flavor Physics Constraints for Physics Beyond the Standard Model journal, November 2010

B→Xse+e− in the six-quark model journal, June 1989

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Unified interactions of leptons and hadrons journal, September 1975

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Search for the lepton flavour violating decay $$\mu ^+ \rightarrow \mathrm {e}^+ \gamma $$ μ + → e + γ with the full dataset of the MEG experiment: MEG Collaboration journal, August 2016

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Neutron-antineutron oscillations: Theoretical status and experimental prospects journal, February 2016

Color Sextet Scalars in Early LHC Experiments journal, October 2010

Leptoquarks in lepton-quark collisions journal, June 1987

Lepton number as the fourth "color" journal, July 1974

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Search for proton decay via p → e + π 0 and p → μ + π 0 in 0.31 megaton · years exposure of the Super-Kamiokande water Cherenkov detector journal, January 2017

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Observation of B + → D ¯ * 0 τ + ν τ and evidence for B + → D ¯ 0 τ + ν τ at Belle journal, October 2010

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Baryon number as the fourth color journal, September 2015

Model independent constraints on leptoquarks from rare processes journal, December 1994

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Forward-Backward Asymmetry in $t \bar{t}$ Production from Flavor Symmetries
journal, June 2011

Phenomenology of scalar leptoquarks
journal, August 2013

Flavor Physics Constraints for Physics Beyond the Standard Model
journal, November 2010

B→Xse+e− in the six-quark model
journal, June 1989

Contributions of gauge and scalar leptoquarks to K L 0 → l i + l j − and B 0 → l i + l j − decay and constraints on leptoquark masses from the decays K L 0 → e ∓µ± and B 0 → e ∓ τ ±
journal, August 2008

Search for new phenomena in dijet events using $37 {fb}^{- 1}$ of $p p$ collision data collected at $\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV$ with the ATLAS detector
journal, September 2017

Leptoquark model to explain the $B$ -physics anomalies, $R_{K}$ and $R_{D}$
journal, December 2016

Much ado about leptoquarks: A comprehensive analysis
journal, November 1997

Unity of All Elementary-Particle Forces
journal, February 1974

Lifetime of $B_{c}^{-}$ Mesons Constrains Explanations for Anomalies in $B \to D^{(*)} τ ν$
journal, February 2017

Search for $n - \bar{n}$ oscillation in Super-Kamiokande
journal, April 2015

Neutrino mass hierarchy, neutron-antineutron oscillation from baryogenesis
journal, January 2009

On flavourful Easter eggs for New Physics hunger and lepton flavour universality violation
journal, October 2017

Low-energy phenomenology of superstring-inspired E6 models
journal, November 1989

SU(5) Unification without Proton Decay
journal, December 2017

Observation of $B^{0} \to D^{* -} τ^{+} ν_{τ}$ Decay at Belle
journal, November 2007

MASS LIMITS FOR SCALAR AND GAUGE LEPTOQUARKS FROM $K^0_L\to e^{\mp}\mu^{\pm}$, B ⁰ →e ^∓ τ ^± DECAYS
journal, October 2007

Resonant production of diquarks at high energy $p p$ , $e p$ and $e^{+} e^{-}$ colliders
journal, December 2005

Lepton number violation at the LHC with leptoquark and diquark
journal, January 2013

Color sextet vector bosons and same-sign top quark pairs at the LHC
journal, January 2011

Proton stability in grand unified theories, in strings and in branes
journal, April 2007

Test of Lepton Universality Using $B^{+} \to K^{+} ℓ^{+} ℓ^{-}$ Decays
journal, October 2014

Unified interactions of leptons and hadrons
journal, September 1975

Interpreting hints for lepton flavor universality violation
journal, September 2017

Evidence for an Excess of $\bar{B} \to D^{(*)} τ^{-} {\bar{ν}}_{τ}$ Decays
journal, September 2012

$\vec{b} s γ$ confronts B -violating scalar couplings: R -parity violating supersymmetry or diquarks
journal, March 2001

μ→eγ at a rate of one out of 109 muon decays?
journal, April 1977

Threshold resummation for the production of a color sextet (antitriplet) scalar at the LHC
journal, February 2014

$B \to D^{*} τ {\bar{ν}}_{τ}$ sensitivity to new physics
journal, May 2012

Search for the lepton flavour violating decay $$\mu ^+ \rightarrow \mathrm {e}^+ \gamma $$ μ + → e + γ with the full dataset of the MEG experiment: MEG Collaboration
journal, August 2016

Towards the discovery of new physics with lepton-universality ratios of $b \to s ℓ ℓ$ decays
journal, November 2017

Neutron-antineutron oscillations: Theoretical status and experimental prospects
journal, February 2016

Color Sextet Scalars in Early LHC Experiments
journal, October 2010

Leptoquarks in lepton-quark collisions
journal, June 1987

Lepton number as the fourth "color"
journal, July 1974

Color sextet scalars at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
journal, March 2009

Observable $n - \bar{n}$ oscillations with new physics at the LHC
journal, December 2009

Weak decays beyond leading logarithms
journal, October 1996

Constraints on two-lepton two-quark operators
journal, November 2010

Baryogenesis and neutron–antineutron oscillation at TeV
journal, November 2011

Search for proton decay via $p \to e^{+} π^{0}$ and $p \to μ^{+} π^{0}$ in $0.31 megaton \cdot years$ exposure of the Super-Kamiokande water Cherenkov detector
journal, January 2017

Search for $B \to h^{(*)} ν \bar{ν}$ with the full Belle $Υ (4 S)$ data sample
journal, June 2013

Observation of $B^{+} \to {\bar{D}}^{* 0} τ^{+} ν_{τ}$ and evidence for $B^{+} \to {\bar{D}}^{0} τ^{+} ν_{τ}$ at Belle
journal, October 2010

Simplified models with baryon number violation but no proton decay
journal, April 2013

$R_{K}$ and $R_{K^{*}}$ beyond the standard model
journal, August 2017

Vector leptoquark resolution of R and $R_{D^{(⁎)}}$ puzzles
journal, April 2016

Color discriminant variable and scalar diquarks at the LHC
journal, October 2015

Measurement of the $τ$ Lepton Polarization and $R (D^{})$ in the Decay $\bar{B} \to D^{} τ^{-} {\bar{ν}}_{τ}$
journal, May 2017

Measurement of an excess of $\bar{B} \to D^{(*)} τ^{-} {\bar{ν}}_{τ}$ decays and implications for charged Higgs bosons
journal, October 2013

Combined analysis of semileptonic $B$ decays to $D$ and $D^{}$ : $R (D^{()})$ , $| V_{c b} |$ , and new physics
journal, June 2017

Search for dijet resonances in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV$ and constraints on dark matter and other models
journal, June 2017

Baryon number violating scalar diquarks at the LHC
journal, December 2011

Measurement of the Ratio of Branching Fractions $B ({\bar{B}}^{0} \to D^{* +} τ^{-} {\bar{ν}}_{τ}) / B ({\bar{B}}^{0} \to D^{* +} μ^{-} {\bar{ν}}_{μ})$
journal, September 2015

Constraints for the Diquark Couplings from Quark→ Quark+Photon Transitions
journal, March 1988

The Third type of Fermion Mixing in the Lepton and Quark Interactions with Leptoquarks
journal, April 2012

Color triplet diquarks at the LHC
journal, March 2010

Low-scale quark-lepton unification
journal, September 2013

Post-sphaleron baryogenesis and an upper limit on the neutron-antineutron oscillation time
journal, June 2013

Quark-lepton unification and rare meson decays
journal, December 1994

$SU (2) \times U (1)$ Gauge Invariance and the Shape of New Physics in Rare $B$ Decays
journal, December 2014

Gauge coupling unification without leptoquarks
journal, August 2017

Diquark resonance and single top production at the Large Hadron Collider
journal, April 2012

Testing leptoquark models in $\bar{B} \to D^{(*)} τ \bar{ν}$
journal, November 2013

Group theory for unified model building
journal, December 1981

Constraint on the branching ratio of $B_{c}^{-} \to τ \bar{ν}$ from LEP1 data and consequences for $R (D^{(*)})$ anomaly
journal, October 2017

Baryon number as the fourth color
journal, September 2015

Model independent constraints on leptoquarks from rare processes
journal, December 1994

Local $B - L$ Symmetry of Electroweak Interactions, Majorana Neutrinos, and Neutron Oscillations
journal, May 1980

Simulation of sextet diquark production
journal, January 2012

B-decay anomalies in a composite leptoquark model
journal, December 2016

Color-Sextet Quark Productions at Hadron Colliders
journal, May 1992

Effective Field Theory Approach to $b \to s ℓ ℓ^{(')}$ , $B \to K^{()} ν \bar{ν}$ and $B \to D^{()} τ ν$ with Third Generation Couplings
journal, October 2015

Physics of leptoquarks in precision experiments and at particle colliders
journal, June 2016

Lattice QCD calculation of the proton decay matrix element in the continuum limit
journal, December 2004

Measurements of branching fractions, rate asymmetries, and angular distributions in the rare decays $B \to K ℓ^{+} ℓ^{-}$ and $B \to K^{*} ℓ^{+} ℓ^{-}$
journal, May 2006

Effective theory approach to new physics with flavour: general framework and a leptoquark example
journal, January 2020

Scalar dark matter behind b → sμμ anomaly
journal, May 2019

Generic loop effects of new scalars and fermions in b → sℓ+ℓ− and a vector-like 4th generation
journal, June 2019

Addressing the B-physics anomalies in a fundamental Composite Higgs model
journal, July 2018

Revisiting the vector leptoquark explanation of the B-physics anomalies
journal, July 2019