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Title: Damage thresholds for blaze diffraction gratings and grazing incidence optics at an X-ray free-electron laser

Abstract

The Linac Coherent Light Source is upgrading its machine to high repetition rate and to extended ranges. Novel coatings, with limited surface oxidation, which are able to work at the carbon edge, are required. In addition, high-resolution soft X-ray monochromators become necessary. One of the big challenges is to design the mirror geometry and the grating profile to have high reflectivity (or efficiency) and at the same time survive the high peak energy of the free-electron laser pulses. For these reasons the experimental damage threshold, at 900 eV, of two platinum-coated gratings with different blazed angles has been investigated. The gratings were tested at 1° grazing incidence. To validate a model for which the damage threshold on the blaze grating can be estimated by calculating the damage threshold of a mirror with an angle of incidence identical to the angle of incidence on the grating plus the blaze angle, tests on Pt-coated substrates have also been performed. The results confirmed the prediction. Uncoated silicon, platinum and SiB3(both deposited on a silicon substrate) were also investigated. In general, the measured damage threshold at grazing incidence is higher than that calculated under the assumption that there is no energy transport from themore » volume where the photons are absorbed. However, it was found that, for the case of the SiB3coating, the grazing incidence condition did not increase the damage threshold, indicating that the energy transport away from the extinction volume is negligible.« less

Authors:
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Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1413825
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1417641; OSTI ID: 1460836
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515; AC02-06CH11357
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Journal of Synchrotron Radiation (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation (Online) Journal Volume: 25 Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1600-5775
Publisher:
International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Country of Publication:
Denmark
Language:
English
Subject:
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS; free-electron laser; optical damage; diffraction gratings; free electron laser

Citation Formats

Krzywinski, Jacek, Conley, Raymond, Moeller, Stefan, Gwalt, Grzegorz, Siewert, Frank, Waberski, Christoph, Zeschke, Thomas, and Cocco, Daniele. Damage thresholds for blaze diffraction gratings and grazing incidence optics at an X-ray free-electron laser. Denmark: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1107/S1600577517016083.
Krzywinski, Jacek, Conley, Raymond, Moeller, Stefan, Gwalt, Grzegorz, Siewert, Frank, Waberski, Christoph, Zeschke, Thomas, & Cocco, Daniele. Damage thresholds for blaze diffraction gratings and grazing incidence optics at an X-ray free-electron laser. Denmark. https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577517016083
Krzywinski, Jacek, Conley, Raymond, Moeller, Stefan, Gwalt, Grzegorz, Siewert, Frank, Waberski, Christoph, Zeschke, Thomas, and Cocco, Daniele. Mon . "Damage thresholds for blaze diffraction gratings and grazing incidence optics at an X-ray free-electron laser". Denmark. https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577517016083.
@article{osti_1413825,
title = {Damage thresholds for blaze diffraction gratings and grazing incidence optics at an X-ray free-electron laser},
author = {Krzywinski, Jacek and Conley, Raymond and Moeller, Stefan and Gwalt, Grzegorz and Siewert, Frank and Waberski, Christoph and Zeschke, Thomas and Cocco, Daniele},
abstractNote = {The Linac Coherent Light Source is upgrading its machine to high repetition rate and to extended ranges. Novel coatings, with limited surface oxidation, which are able to work at the carbon edge, are required. In addition, high-resolution soft X-ray monochromators become necessary. One of the big challenges is to design the mirror geometry and the grating profile to have high reflectivity (or efficiency) and at the same time survive the high peak energy of the free-electron laser pulses. For these reasons the experimental damage threshold, at 900 eV, of two platinum-coated gratings with different blazed angles has been investigated. The gratings were tested at 1° grazing incidence. To validate a model for which the damage threshold on the blaze grating can be estimated by calculating the damage threshold of a mirror with an angle of incidence identical to the angle of incidence on the grating plus the blaze angle, tests on Pt-coated substrates have also been performed. The results confirmed the prediction. Uncoated silicon, platinum and SiB3(both deposited on a silicon substrate) were also investigated. In general, the measured damage threshold at grazing incidence is higher than that calculated under the assumption that there is no energy transport from the volume where the photons are absorbed. However, it was found that, for the case of the SiB3coating, the grazing incidence condition did not increase the damage threshold, indicating that the energy transport away from the extinction volume is negligible.},
doi = {10.1107/S1600577517016083},
journal = {Journal of Synchrotron Radiation (Online)},
number = 1,
volume = 25,
place = {Denmark},
year = {Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577517016083

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Cited by: 6 works
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