NH3-SCR on Cu, Fe and Cu + Fe exchanged beta and SSZ-13 catalysts: Hydrothermal aging and propylene poisoning effects

Wang, Aiyong; Wang, Yilin; Walter, Eric D.; Washton, Nancy M.; Guo, Yanglong; Lu, Guanzhong; Peden, Charles H. F.; Gao, Feng

doi:10.1016/J.CATTOD.2017.09.061

Title: NH₃-SCR on Cu, Fe and Cu + Fe exchanged beta and SSZ-13 catalysts: Hydrothermal aging and propylene poisoning effects

Abstract

Cu, Fe and Cu + Fe ion exchanged Beta and SSZ-13 catalysts were prepared by solution ion exchange using commercial NH₄/Beta, and NH₄/SSZ-13 that was prepared in-house. To study hydrothermal aging effects, Beta supported catalysts were aged hydrothermally at 700 °C and SSZ-13 supported catalysts were aged at 750 °C. In order to reveal the effects of Fe addition in the co-exchanged catalysts, these catalysts were characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption-desorption, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), ²⁷Al-nuclear magnetic resonance (²⁷Al-NMR) and propylene coking followed with temperature programmed reaction (TPR), and further tested with standard NH₃-SCR with and without the presence of propylene. Collectively, the catalyst characterizations and reaction testing indicated minor beneficial effects of Fe addition in Cu,Fe/Beta, where NH₃-SCR activity, N₂ selectivity and hydrothermal stability were all slightly improved. In contrast, Fe addition did not show apparent beneficial effects in low-temperature SCR for the Cu,Fe/SSZ-13 case. In conclusion, at elevated reaction temperatures, however, the presence of Fe indeed considerably improved NO conversion and N₂ selectivity for the hydrothermally aged Cu,Fe/SSZ-13 catalyst in the presence of propylene.

Authors:

Wang, Aiyong ^[1]; Wang, Yilin ^[2]; Walter, Eric D. ^[2]; Washton, Nancy M. ^[2]; Guo, Yanglong ^[3]; Lu, Guanzhong ^[3]; Peden, Charles H. F. ^[2]; Gao, Feng ^[2]

East China Univ. of Science of Technology, Shanghai (China); Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
East China Univ. of Science of Technology, Shanghai (China)

Publication Date:: Sat Oct 07 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Research Org.:: Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

OSTI Identifier:: 1413492

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1701853

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-128427
Journal ID: ISSN 0920-5861; PII: S0920586117306764; TRN: US1800438

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Catalysis Today

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 320; Journal ID: ISSN 0920-5861

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; NH3-SCR; Cu; Fe; Beta; SSZ-13

Citation Formats


                    Wang, Aiyong, Wang, Yilin, Walter, Eric D., Washton, Nancy M., Guo, Yanglong, Lu, Guanzhong, Peden, Charles H. F., and Gao, Feng. NH3-SCR on Cu, Fe and Cu + Fe exchanged beta and SSZ-13 catalysts: Hydrothermal aging and propylene poisoning effects.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/J.CATTOD.2017.09.061.

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                    Wang, Aiyong, Wang, Yilin, Walter, Eric D., Washton, Nancy M., Guo, Yanglong, Lu, Guanzhong, Peden, Charles H. F., & Gao, Feng. NH3-SCR on Cu, Fe and Cu + Fe exchanged beta and SSZ-13 catalysts: Hydrothermal aging and propylene poisoning effects.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CATTOD.2017.09.061

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                    Wang, Aiyong, Wang, Yilin, Walter, Eric D., Washton, Nancy M., Guo, Yanglong, Lu, Guanzhong, Peden, Charles H. F., and Gao, Feng. Sat .  
"NH3-SCR on Cu, Fe and Cu + Fe exchanged beta and SSZ-13 catalysts: Hydrothermal aging and propylene poisoning effects".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CATTOD.2017.09.061.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1413492.

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@article{osti_1413492,

  title        = {NH3-SCR on Cu, Fe and Cu + Fe exchanged beta and SSZ-13 catalysts: Hydrothermal aging and propylene poisoning effects},

  author       = {Wang, Aiyong and Wang, Yilin and Walter, Eric D. and Washton, Nancy M. and Guo, Yanglong and Lu, Guanzhong and Peden, Charles H. F. and Gao, Feng},

  abstractNote = {Cu, Fe and Cu + Fe ion exchanged Beta and SSZ-13 catalysts were prepared by solution ion exchange using commercial NH4/Beta, and NH4/SSZ-13 that was prepared in-house. To study hydrothermal aging effects, Beta supported catalysts were aged hydrothermally at 700 °C and SSZ-13 supported catalysts were aged at 750 °C. In order to reveal the effects of Fe addition in the co-exchanged catalysts, these catalysts were characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), 27Al-nuclear magnetic resonance (27Al-NMR) and propylene coking followed with temperature programmed reaction (TPR), and further tested with standard NH3-SCR with and without the presence of propylene. Collectively, the catalyst characterizations and reaction testing indicated minor beneficial effects of Fe addition in Cu,Fe/Beta, where NH3-SCR activity, N2 selectivity and hydrothermal stability were all slightly improved. In contrast, Fe addition did not show apparent beneficial effects in low-temperature SCR for the Cu,Fe/SSZ-13 case. In conclusion, at elevated reaction temperatures, however, the presence of Fe indeed considerably improved NO conversion and N2 selectivity for the hydrothermally aged Cu,Fe/SSZ-13 catalyst in the presence of propylene.},

  doi          = {10.1016/J.CATTOD.2017.09.061},

  journal      = {Catalysis Today},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 320,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Sat Oct 07 00:00:00 EDT 2017},

  month        = {Sat Oct 07 00:00:00 EDT 2017}

}

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https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CATTOD.2017.09.061

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Figures / Tables:

Fig. 1. : XRD patterns for: (a) fresh and hydrothermally aged Cu- or Fe-Beta or Cu,Fe-Beta; and (b) fresh and hydrothermally aged Cu- or Fe-SSZ-13 or Cu,Fe-SSZ-13.

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Iron-exchanged high-silica LTA zeolites as hydrothermally stable NH ₃ -SCR catalysts
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Ryu, Taekyung; Kang, Yonjoo; Nam, In-Sik
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DOI: 10.1039/c9re00007k

The effects of H ₂ O on a vanadium-based catalyst for NH ₃ -SCR at low temperatures: a quantitative study of the reaction pathway and active sites
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DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01370a

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DOI: 10.1039/c9cy02186h

Promoting effects of water on the NH ₃ -SCR reaction over Cu-SAPO-34 catalysts: transient and permanent influences on Cu species
journal, January 2020

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DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03848e

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Insights into palladium poisoning of Cu/SSZ-13 selective catalytic reduction catalysts

Journal Article Wu, Yiqing ; Wang, Yilin ; Walter, Eric D. ; ... - Applied Catalysis. B, Environmental

Here, the impacts of Pd poisoning to the activity, selectivity, and hydrothermal stability of Cu/SSZ-13 selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts are reported. Pd lowers DeNOx efficiency of Cu/SSZ-13 via two mechanisms: (1) displacing SCR active sites in the form of isolated Pd-ions, and (2) catalyzing non-selective NH₃ oxidation in the form of PdO. The first mechanism works by the diffusion of isolated Pd-ions into chabazite cages to displace ZCu^IIOH SCR active species, and it occurs on Cu/SSZ-13 catalysts with and without external surface CuO clusters in similar fashion. In contrast, the second mechanism works differently with and without external surfacemore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2023.122673

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Title: NH3-SCR on Cu, Fe and Cu + Fe exchanged beta and SSZ-13 catalysts: Hydrothermal aging and propylene poisoning effects

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The mechanism of the reaction between NOx and NH3 on V2O5 in the presence of oxygen journal, December 1977

Dynamic Investigation of the Role of the Surface Sulfates in NO x Reduction and SO 2 Oxidation over V 2 O 5 −WO 3 /TiO 2 Catalysts journal, June 1998

SO2 resistant antimony promoted V2O5/TiO2 catalyst for NH3-SCR of NOx at low temperatures journal, February 2008

Effect of Alkali Doping on a V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 Catalyst from Periodic DFT Calculations journal, May 2007

Chemical deactivation of V2O5/WO3–TiO2 SCR catalysts by additives and impurities from fuels, lubrication oils and urea solution journal, January 2008

Deactivation performance and mechanism of alkali (earth) metals on V2O5–WO3/TiO2 catalyst for oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury in simulated coal-fired flue gas journal, October 2011

Study of a Fe–zeolite-based system as NH3-SCR catalyst for diesel exhaust aftertreatment journal, July 2008

Excellent activity and selectivity of Cu-SSZ-13 in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 journal, October 2010

The ammonia selective catalytic reduction activity of copper-exchanged small-pore zeolites journal, February 2011

Structure–activity relationships in NH3-SCR over Cu-SSZ-13 as probed by reaction kinetics and EPR studies journal, April 2013

Iron Loading Effects in Fe/SSZ-13 NH 3 -SCR Catalysts: Nature of the Fe Ions and Structure–Function Relationships journal, April 2016

Recent advances in automotive catalysis for NO x emission control by small-pore microporous materials journal, January 2015

A comparative kinetics study between Cu/SSZ-13 and Fe/SSZ-13 SCR catalysts journal, December 2015

A comparative study of the NH3-SCR reactions over a Cu-zeolite and a Fe-zeolite catalyst journal, June 2010

Selective catalytic reduction of NOx on Cu-beta zeolites journal, February 1997

Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with Ammonia over Fe3+-Exchanged Mordenite (Fe–MOR): Catalytic Performance, Characterization, and Mechanistic Study journal, April 2002

The determination of the activities of different iron species in Fe-ZSM-5 for SCR of NO by NH3 journal, April 2010

Economical Way to Synthesize SSZ-13 with Abundant Ion-Exchanged Cu + for an Extraordinary Performance in Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NO x by Ammonia journal, November 2014

Isolation of the Copper Redox Steps in the Standard Selective Catalytic Reduction on Cu-SSZ-13 journal, September 2014

NH3-SCR over Cu/SAPO-34 – Zeolite acidity and Cu structure changes as a function of Cu loading journal, August 2014

Synthesis and evaluation of Cu/SAPO-34 catalysts for NH3-SCR 2: Solid-state ion exchange and one-pot synthesis journal, January 2015

Effects of hydrothermal aging on NH3-SCR reaction over Cu/zeolites journal, March 2012

Activity, stability and hydrocarbon deactivation of Fe/Beta catalyst for SCR of NO with ammonia journal, October 2009

Hydrothermal Aging Effects on Fe/SSZ-13 and Fe/Beta NH3–SCR Catalysts journal, May 2016

Experimental and kinetic modeling study of NH3-SCR of NOx on Fe-ZSM-5, Cu-chabazite and combined Fe- and Cu-zeolite monolithic catalysts journal, January 2013

Tuning the NOx conversion of Cu-Fe/ZSM-5 catalyst in NH3-SCR journal, November 2013

Selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 over HZSM-5-supported Fe–Cu nanocomposite catalysts: The Fe–Cu bimetallic effect journal, April 2014

High activity and wide temperature window of Fe-Cu-SSZ-13 in the selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia journal, July 2015

Influence of Cu on the catalytic activity of FeBEA zeolites in SCR of NO with NH 3 journal, June 2015

Copper Coordination in Cu-SSZ-13 and Cu-SSZ-16 Investigated by Variable-Temperature XRD journal, December 2009

Transformation of Active Sites in Fe/SSZ-13 SCR Catalysts during Hydrothermal Aging: A Spectroscopic, Microscopic, and Kinetics Study journal, March 2017

Sub-micron Cu/SSZ-13: Synthesis and application as selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts journal, February 2017

Influence of framework silicon to aluminium ratio on aluminium coordination and distribution in zeolite Beta investigated by 27Al MAS and 27Al MQ MAS NMR journal, January 2004

Evolution of isomorphously substituted iron zeolites during activation: comparison of Fe-beta and Fe-ZSM-5 journal, June 2005

Multinuclear NMR Studies Reveal a Complex Acid Function for Zeolite Beta journal, January 1995

Lewis Acid Sites and Surface Aluminum in Aluminas and Zeolites: A High-Resolution NMR Study journal, June 1994

Selective Catalytic Reduction over Cu/SSZ-13: Linking Homo- and Heterogeneous Catalysis journal, March 2017

Dynamic multinuclear sites formed by mobilized copper ions in NO x selective catalytic reduction journal, August 2017

Characterization of Fe/ZSM-5 DeNOx catalysts prepared by different methods: Relationships between active Fe sites and NH3-SCR performance journal, December 2008

Deactivation of Cu/ZSM-5 Catalysts for Lean NOxReduction: Characterization of Changes of Cu State and Zeolite Support journal, June 1996

EPR Study of Copper-Exchanged Zeolites: Effects of Correlated g - and A -Strain, Si/Al Ratio, and Parent Zeolite journal, July 2000

Direct NO decomposition over conventional and mesoporous Cu-ZSM-5 and Cu-ZSM-11 catalysts: Improved performance with hierarchical zeolites journal, September 2006

NH 3 -SCR of NO over a V-based catalyst: Low-T redox kinetics with NH 3 inhibition journal, September 2006

Fe-BEA Zeolite Catalysts for NH3-SCR of NOx journal, February 2009

Ammonia blocking of the “Fast SCR” reactivity over a commercial Fe-zeolite catalyst for Diesel exhaust aftertreatment journal, July 2009

NH3-SCR on Fe zeolite catalysts – From model setup to NH3 dosing journal, November 2009

Influence of lattice stability on hydrothermal deactivation of Cu-ZSM-5 and Cu-IM-5 zeolites for selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3 journal, January 2014

Excellent Performance of One-Pot Synthesized Cu-SSZ-13 Catalyst for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO x with NH 3 journal, December 2013

The chemistry of the NO/NO2–NH3 “fast” SCR reaction over Fe-ZSM5 investigated by transient reaction analysis journal, June 2008

NO/NO2/N2O–NH3 SCR reactions over a commercial Fe-zeolite catalyst for diesel exhaust aftertreatment: Intrinsic kinetics and monolith converter modelling journal, January 2012

Active Sites in Fe/MFI Catalysts for NOx Reduction and Oscillating N2O Decomposition journal, December 2000

N2O decomposition over Fe-FER: A Mössbauer study of the active sites journal, October 2011

Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Silica Membranes with Controlled Silica Network Size for Propylene/Propane Separation journal, June 2011

Conversion of Methanol to Hydrocarbons: How Zeolite Cavity and Pore Size Controls Product Selectivity journal, April 2012

Generation, Characterization, and Impact of Mesopores in Zeolite Catalysts journal, January 2003

Iron-exchanged high-silica LTA zeolites as hydrothermally stable NH 3 -SCR catalysts journal, January 2019

The effects of H 2 O on a vanadium-based catalyst for NH 3 -SCR at low temperatures: a quantitative study of the reaction pathway and active sites journal, January 2019

Effects of SO 2 on Cu-SSZ-39 catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO x with NH 3 journal, January 2020

Promoting effects of water on the NH 3 -SCR reaction over Cu-SAPO-34 catalysts: transient and permanent influences on Cu species journal, January 2020

Title: NH₃-SCR on Cu, Fe and Cu + Fe exchanged beta and SSZ-13 catalysts: Hydrothermal aging and propylene poisoning effects

The mechanism of the reaction between NOx and NH3 on V2O5 in the presence of oxygen
journal, December 1977

Dynamic Investigation of the Role of the Surface Sulfates in NO _x Reduction and SO ₂ Oxidation over V ₂ O ₅ −WO ₃ /TiO ₂ Catalysts
journal, June 1998

SO2 resistant antimony promoted V2O5/TiO2 catalyst for NH3-SCR of NOx at low temperatures
journal, February 2008

Effect of Alkali Doping on a V ₂ O ₅ /TiO ₂ Catalyst from Periodic DFT Calculations
journal, May 2007

Chemical deactivation of V2O5/WO3–TiO2 SCR catalysts by additives and impurities from fuels, lubrication oils and urea solution
journal, January 2008

Deactivation performance and mechanism of alkali (earth) metals on V2O5–WO3/TiO2 catalyst for oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury in simulated coal-fired flue gas
journal, October 2011

Study of a Fe–zeolite-based system as NH3-SCR catalyst for diesel exhaust aftertreatment
journal, July 2008

Excellent activity and selectivity of Cu-SSZ-13 in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3
journal, October 2010

The ammonia selective catalytic reduction activity of copper-exchanged small-pore zeolites
journal, February 2011

Structure–activity relationships in NH3-SCR over Cu-SSZ-13 as probed by reaction kinetics and EPR studies
journal, April 2013

Iron Loading Effects in Fe/SSZ-13 NH ₃ -SCR Catalysts: Nature of the Fe Ions and Structure–Function Relationships
journal, April 2016

Recent advances in automotive catalysis for NO _x emission control by small-pore microporous materials
journal, January 2015

A comparative kinetics study between Cu/SSZ-13 and Fe/SSZ-13 SCR catalysts
journal, December 2015

A comparative study of the NH3-SCR reactions over a Cu-zeolite and a Fe-zeolite catalyst
journal, June 2010

Selective catalytic reduction of NOx on Cu-beta zeolites
journal, February 1997

Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with Ammonia over Fe3+-Exchanged Mordenite (Fe–MOR): Catalytic Performance, Characterization, and Mechanistic Study
journal, April 2002

The determination of the activities of different iron species in Fe-ZSM-5 for SCR of NO by NH3
journal, April 2010

Economical Way to Synthesize SSZ-13 with Abundant Ion-Exchanged Cu ⁺ for an Extraordinary Performance in Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NO _x by Ammonia
journal, November 2014

Isolation of the Copper Redox Steps in the Standard Selective Catalytic Reduction on Cu-SSZ-13
journal, September 2014

NH3-SCR over Cu/SAPO-34 – Zeolite acidity and Cu structure changes as a function of Cu loading
journal, August 2014

Synthesis and evaluation of Cu/SAPO-34 catalysts for NH3-SCR 2: Solid-state ion exchange and one-pot synthesis
journal, January 2015

Effects of hydrothermal aging on NH3-SCR reaction over Cu/zeolites
journal, March 2012

Activity, stability and hydrocarbon deactivation of Fe/Beta catalyst for SCR of NO with ammonia
journal, October 2009

Hydrothermal Aging Effects on Fe/SSZ-13 and Fe/Beta NH3–SCR Catalysts
journal, May 2016

Experimental and kinetic modeling study of NH3-SCR of NOx on Fe-ZSM-5, Cu-chabazite and combined Fe- and Cu-zeolite monolithic catalysts
journal, January 2013

Tuning the NOx conversion of Cu-Fe/ZSM-5 catalyst in NH3-SCR
journal, November 2013

Selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 over HZSM-5-supported Fe–Cu nanocomposite catalysts: The Fe–Cu bimetallic effect
journal, April 2014

High activity and wide temperature window of Fe-Cu-SSZ-13 in the selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia
journal, July 2015

Influence of Cu on the catalytic activity of FeBEA zeolites in SCR of NO with NH 3
journal, June 2015

Copper Coordination in Cu-SSZ-13 and Cu-SSZ-16 Investigated by Variable-Temperature XRD
journal, December 2009

Transformation of Active Sites in Fe/SSZ-13 SCR Catalysts during Hydrothermal Aging: A Spectroscopic, Microscopic, and Kinetics Study
journal, March 2017

Sub-micron Cu/SSZ-13: Synthesis and application as selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts
journal, February 2017

Influence of framework silicon to aluminium ratio on aluminium coordination and distribution in zeolite Beta investigated by 27Al MAS and 27Al MQ MAS NMR
journal, January 2004

Evolution of isomorphously substituted iron zeolites during activation: comparison of Fe-beta and Fe-ZSM-5
journal, June 2005

Multinuclear NMR Studies Reveal a Complex Acid Function for Zeolite Beta
journal, January 1995

Lewis Acid Sites and Surface Aluminum in Aluminas and Zeolites: A High-Resolution NMR Study
journal, June 1994

Selective Catalytic Reduction over Cu/SSZ-13: Linking Homo- and Heterogeneous Catalysis
journal, March 2017

Dynamic multinuclear sites formed by mobilized copper ions in NO _x selective catalytic reduction
journal, August 2017

Characterization of Fe/ZSM-5 DeNOx catalysts prepared by different methods: Relationships between active Fe sites and NH3-SCR performance
journal, December 2008

Deactivation of Cu/ZSM-5 Catalysts for Lean NOxReduction: Characterization of Changes of Cu State and Zeolite Support
journal, June 1996

EPR Study of Copper-Exchanged Zeolites: Effects of Correlated g - and A -Strain, Si/Al Ratio, and Parent Zeolite
journal, July 2000

Direct NO decomposition over conventional and mesoporous Cu-ZSM-5 and Cu-ZSM-11 catalysts: Improved performance with hierarchical zeolites
journal, September 2006

NH ₃ -SCR of NO over a V-based catalyst: Low-T redox kinetics with NH ₃ inhibition
journal, September 2006

Fe-BEA Zeolite Catalysts for NH3-SCR of NOx
journal, February 2009

Ammonia blocking of the “Fast SCR” reactivity over a commercial Fe-zeolite catalyst for Diesel exhaust aftertreatment
journal, July 2009

NH3-SCR on Fe zeolite catalysts – From model setup to NH3 dosing
journal, November 2009

Influence of lattice stability on hydrothermal deactivation of Cu-ZSM-5 and Cu-IM-5 zeolites for selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3
journal, January 2014

Excellent Performance of One-Pot Synthesized Cu-SSZ-13 Catalyst for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO _x with NH ₃
journal, December 2013

The chemistry of the NO/NO2–NH3 “fast” SCR reaction over Fe-ZSM5 investigated by transient reaction analysis
journal, June 2008

NO/NO2/N2O–NH3 SCR reactions over a commercial Fe-zeolite catalyst for diesel exhaust aftertreatment: Intrinsic kinetics and monolith converter modelling
journal, January 2012

Active Sites in Fe/MFI Catalysts for NOx Reduction and Oscillating N2O Decomposition
journal, December 2000

N2O decomposition over Fe-FER: A Mössbauer study of the active sites
journal, October 2011

Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Silica Membranes with Controlled Silica Network Size for Propylene/Propane Separation
journal, June 2011

Conversion of Methanol to Hydrocarbons: How Zeolite Cavity and Pore Size Controls Product Selectivity
journal, April 2012

Generation, Characterization, and Impact of Mesopores in Zeolite Catalysts
journal, January 2003

Iron-exchanged high-silica LTA zeolites as hydrothermally stable NH ₃ -SCR catalysts
journal, January 2019

The effects of H ₂ O on a vanadium-based catalyst for NH ₃ -SCR at low temperatures: a quantitative study of the reaction pathway and active sites
journal, January 2019

Effects of SO ₂ on Cu-SSZ-39 catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO _x with NH ₃
journal, January 2020

Promoting effects of water on the NH ₃ -SCR reaction over Cu-SAPO-34 catalysts: transient and permanent influences on Cu species
journal, January 2020