The dependence of Ammonium-Nitrate Fuel-Oil (ANFO) detonation on confinement

Jackson, Scott I.

doi:10.1016/j.proci.2016.09.027

Title: The dependence of Ammonium-Nitrate Fuel-Oil (ANFO) detonation on confinement

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Abstract

As detonation is a coupled fluid-chemical process, flow divergence inside the detonation reaction zone can strongly influence detonation velocity and energy release. Such divergence is responsible for the diameter-effect and failure-diameter phenomena in condensed-phase explosives and particularly dominant in detonation of nonideal explosives such as Ammonium Nitrate and Fuel Oil (ANFO). In this study, the effect of reaction zone flow divergence on ANFO detonation was explored through variation of the inert confinement and explosive diameter in the rate-stick geometry with cylinder expansion experiments. New tests are discussed and compared to prior experiments. Presented results include the detonation velocity as a function of diameter and confinement, reaction zone times, detonation product isentropes and energies, as well as sonic surface pressures and velocities. Product energy densities and isentropes were found to increase with detonation velocity, indicating more complete chemical reaction with increased detonation velocity. In addition, detonation reaction zone times were found to scale with the acoustic transit time of the confiner wall and used to show that the ANFO diameter effect scaled with the reaction zone time for a particle along the flow centerline, regardless of the confinement. Such a result indicates that the ANFO reaction mechanisms are sufficiently slow thatmore »« less

Authors:

Jackson, Scott I. ^[1]

Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Nov 17 00:00:00 EST 2016

Research Org.:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1334147

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1413329

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-15-29132
Journal ID: ISSN 1540-7489

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Proceedings of the Combustion Institute; Journal ID: ISSN 1540-7489

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; detonation; cylinder test; equation of state

Citation Formats


                    Jackson, Scott I. The dependence of Ammonium-Nitrate Fuel-Oil (ANFO) detonation on confinement.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.proci.2016.09.027.

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                    Jackson, Scott I. The dependence of Ammonium-Nitrate Fuel-Oil (ANFO) detonation on confinement.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2016.09.027

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                    Jackson, Scott I. Thu .  
"The dependence of Ammonium-Nitrate Fuel-Oil (ANFO) detonation on confinement".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2016.09.027.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1334147.

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@article{osti_1334147,

  title        = {The dependence of Ammonium-Nitrate Fuel-Oil (ANFO) detonation on confinement},

  author       = {Jackson, Scott I.},

  abstractNote = {As detonation is a coupled fluid-chemical process, flow divergence inside the detonation reaction zone can strongly influence detonation velocity and energy release. Such divergence is responsible for the diameter-effect and failure-diameter phenomena in condensed-phase explosives and particularly dominant in detonation of nonideal explosives such as Ammonium Nitrate and Fuel Oil (ANFO). In this study, the effect of reaction zone flow divergence on ANFO detonation was explored through variation of the inert confinement and explosive diameter in the rate-stick geometry with cylinder expansion experiments. New tests are discussed and compared to prior experiments. Presented results include the detonation velocity as a function of diameter and confinement, reaction zone times, detonation product isentropes and energies, as well as sonic surface pressures and velocities. Product energy densities and isentropes were found to increase with detonation velocity, indicating more complete chemical reaction with increased detonation velocity. In addition, detonation reaction zone times were found to scale with the acoustic transit time of the confiner wall and used to show that the ANFO diameter effect scaled with the reaction zone time for a particle along the flow centerline, regardless of the confinement. Such a result indicates that the ANFO reaction mechanisms are sufficiently slow that the centerline fluid expansion timescale is a limiting factor controlling detonation velocity and energy release.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.proci.2016.09.027},

  journal      = {Proceedings of the Combustion Institute},

  number       = ,

  volume       = ,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Nov 17 00:00:00 EST 2016},

  month        = {Thu Nov 17 00:00:00 EST 2016}

}

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