Ten questions concerning occupant behavior in buildings: The big picture

Hong, Tianzhen; Yan, Da; D'Oca, Simona; Chen, Chien-fei

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.12.006

Title: Ten questions concerning occupant behavior in buildings: The big picture

Abstract

Occupant behavior has significant impacts on building energy performance and occupant comfort. However, occupant behavior is not well understood and is often oversimplified in the building life cycle, due to its stochastic, diverse, complex, and interdisciplinary nature. The use of simplified methods or tools to quantify the impacts of occupant behavior in building performance simulations significantly contributes to performance gaps between simulated models and actual building energy consumption. Therefore, it is crucial to understand occupant behavior in a comprehensive way, integrating qualitative approaches and data- and model-driven quantitative approaches, and employing appropriate tools to guide the design and operation of low-energy residential and commercial buildings that integrate technological and human dimensions. This paper presents ten questions, highlighting some of the most important issues regarding concepts, applications, and methodologies in occupant behavior research. The proposed questions and answers aim to provide insights into occupant behavior for current and future researchers, designers, and policy makers, and most importantly, to inspire innovative research and applications to increase energy efficiency and reduce energy use in buildings.

Authors:

^[1]; Yan, Da ^[2]; D'Oca, Simona ^[1]; Chen, Chien-fei ^[3]

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Publication Date:: Tue Dec 27 00:00:00 EST 2016

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

OSTI Identifier:: 1436621

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1412553

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Building and Environment

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 114; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0360-1323

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION; Occupant Behavior; behavior modeling; building performance; building simulation; energy use; interdisciplinary

Citation Formats


                    Hong, Tianzhen, Yan, Da, D'Oca, Simona, and Chen, Chien-fei. Ten questions concerning occupant behavior in buildings: The big picture.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.12.006.

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                    Hong, Tianzhen, Yan, Da, D'Oca, Simona, & Chen, Chien-fei. Ten questions concerning occupant behavior in buildings: The big picture.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.12.006

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                    Hong, Tianzhen, Yan, Da, D'Oca, Simona, and Chen, Chien-fei. Tue .  
"Ten questions concerning occupant behavior in buildings: The big picture".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.12.006.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1436621.

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@article{osti_1436621,

  title        = {Ten questions concerning occupant behavior in buildings: The big picture},

  author       = {Hong, Tianzhen and Yan, Da and D'Oca, Simona and Chen, Chien-fei},

  abstractNote = {Occupant behavior has significant impacts on building energy performance and occupant comfort. However, occupant behavior is not well understood and is often oversimplified in the building life cycle, due to its stochastic, diverse, complex, and interdisciplinary nature. The use of simplified methods or tools to quantify the impacts of occupant behavior in building performance simulations significantly contributes to performance gaps between simulated models and actual building energy consumption. Therefore, it is crucial to understand occupant behavior in a comprehensive way, integrating qualitative approaches and data- and model-driven quantitative approaches, and employing appropriate tools to guide the design and operation of low-energy residential and commercial buildings that integrate technological and human dimensions. This paper presents ten questions, highlighting some of the most important issues regarding concepts, applications, and methodologies in occupant behavior research. The proposed questions and answers aim to provide insights into occupant behavior for current and future researchers, designers, and policy makers, and most importantly, to inspire innovative research and applications to increase energy efficiency and reduce energy use in buildings.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.12.006},

  journal      = {Building and Environment},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 114,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Dec 27 00:00:00 EST 2016},

  month        = {Tue Dec 27 00:00:00 EST 2016}

}

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Buildings in cities consume up to 70% of all primary energy. To achieve cities’ energy and climate goals, it is necessary to reduce energy use and associated greenhouse gas emissions in buildings through energy conservation and efficiency improvements. Computational tools empowered with rich urban datasets can model performance of buildings at the urban scale to provide quantitative insights for stakeholders and inform their decision making on urban energy planning, as well as building energy retrofits at scale, to achieve efficiency, sustainability, and resilience of urban buildings. Designing and operating urban buildings as a group (from a city block to amore »« less
Cited by 172
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106508

Full Text Available
Ten questions concerning reinforcement learning for building energy management

Journal Article Nagy, Zoltan ; Henze, Gregor ; Dey, Sourav ; ... - Building and Environment

As buildings account for approximately 40% of global energy consumption and associated greenhouse gas emissions, their role in decarbonizing the power grid is crucial. The increased integration of variable energy sources, such as renewables, introduces uncertainties and unprecedented flexibilities, necessitating buildings to adapt their energy demand to enhance grid resiliency. Consequently, buildings must transition from passive energy consumers to active grid assets, providing demand flexibility and energy elasticity while maintaining occupant comfort and health. This fundamental shift demands advanced optimal control methods to manage escalating energy demand and avert power outages. Reinforcement learning (RL) emerges as a promising method tomore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110435

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Title: Ten questions concerning occupant behavior in buildings: The big picture

Abstract

Citation Formats

The dark side of occupants’ behaviour on building energy use journal, February 2010

On variations of space-heating energy use in office buildings journal, November 2013

Survey of occupant behaviour and control of indoor environment in Danish dwellings journal, January 2009

Energy performance gap in refurbished German dwellings: Lesson learned from a field test journal, September 2016

Understanding high performance buildings: The link between occupant knowledge of passive design systems, corresponding behaviors, occupant comfort and environmental satisfaction journal, January 2015

Occupant behaviour and robustness of building design journal, December 2015

The contextual factors contributing to occupants' adaptive comfort behaviors in offices – A review and proposed modeling framework journal, July 2014

Adaptive thermal comfort and sustainable thermal standards for buildings journal, July 2002

Green occupants for green buildings: The missing link? journal, October 2012

See through walls with WiFi! journal, September 2013

See-Through Walls: Motion Tracking Using Variance-Based Radio Tomography Networks journal, May 2011

Conditioned emotional reactions. journal, January 1920

Eye Tracking for Visual Marketing journal, January 2006

Using results from field surveys to predict the effect of open windows on thermal comfort and energy use in buildings journal, July 2007

Energy intelligent buildings based on user activity: A survey journal, January 2013

The determinants of household energy-saving behavior: Survey and comparison in five major Asian cities journal, January 2013

Energy saving in Swedish households. The (relative) importance of environmental attitudes journal, September 2011

A high-resolution domestic building occupancy model for energy demand simulations journal, January 2008

Domestic energy consumption—What role do comfort, habit, and knowledge about the heating system play? journal, November 2013

The influence of consumers' environmental beliefs and attitudes on energy saving behaviours journal, December 2011

Exploring the sensitivity of residential energy consumption in China: Implications from a micro-demographic analysis journal, June 2014

The Hawthorne Effect: a randomised, controlled trial journal, July 2007

Occupants' window opening behaviour: A literature review of factors influencing occupant behaviour and models journal, December 2012

Factors influencing the occupants’ window opening behaviour in a naturally ventilated office building journal, April 2012

Factors influencing occupants’ blind-control behaviour in a naturally ventilated office building journal, August 2012

Occupant behavior modeling for building performance simulation: Current state and future challenges journal, November 2015

Occupants’ behaviour in energy simulation tools: lessons from a field monitoring campaign regarding lighting and shading control journal, August 2014

Behavioural Patterns and User Profiles related to energy consumption for heating journal, October 2011

Characterising domestic electricity consumption patterns by dwelling and occupant socio-economic variables: An Irish case study journal, May 2012

Understanding individual human mobility patterns journal, June 2008

Patterns of occupant interaction with window blinds: A literature review journal, August 2012

Occupational and energy behaviour patterns in Greek residences journal, January 1997

Extracting knowledge from building-related data — A data mining framework journal, March 2013

A novel methodology for knowledge discovery through mining associations between building operational data journal, April 2012

A decision tree method for building energy demand modeling journal, October 2010

A data-mining approach to discover patterns of window opening and closing behavior in offices journal, December 2014

Correlation between occupants and energy consumption journal, March 2016

Verification of stochastic models of window opening behaviour for residential buildings journal, January 2012

Verification of stochastic behavioural models of occupants' interactions with windows in residential buildings journal, December 2015

Functional mock-up unit for co-simulation import in EnergyPlus journal, June 2013

An ontology to represent energy-related occupant behavior in buildings. Part II: Implementation of the DNAS framework using an XML schema journal, December 2015

An ontology to represent energy-related occupant behavior in buildings. Part I: Introduction to the DNAs framework journal, October 2015

A generalized probabilistic formula relating occupant behavior to environmental conditions journal, January 2016

User behavior in whole building simulation journal, March 2009

Integrating social science in energy research journal, March 2015

Promoting household energy conservation journal, December 2008

Economic Sociology and the Social Problem of Energy Inefficiency journal, April 2007

Thermal comfort and workplace occupant satisfaction—Results of field studies in German low energy office buildings journal, July 2007

Comfort assessment in the context of sustainable buildings: Comparison of simplified and detailed human thermal sensation methods journal, January 2014

Energy efficient design and occupant well-being: Case studies in the UK and India journal, February 2010

Rejecting renewables: The socio-technical impediments to renewable electricity in the United States journal, November 2009

What psychology knows about energy conservation. journal, January 1992

Who wants solar water heaters and alternative fuel vehicles? Assessing social–psychological predictors of adoption intention and policy support in China journal, May 2016

Energy at work: Social psychological factors affecting energy conservation intentions within Chinese electric power companies journal, December 2014

A review of intervention studies aimed at household energy conservation journal, September 2005

Information strategies and energy conservation behavior: A meta-analysis of experimental studies from 1975 to 2012 journal, October 2013

Encouraging pro-environmental behaviour: An integrative review and research agenda journal, September 2009

A blind spot in driving decisions: how neglecting costs puts us in overdrive: A letter journal, November 2009

The theory of planned behavior journal, December 1991

Motivating energy conservation in the workplace: An evaluation of the use of group-level feedback and peer education journal, March 2011

Effect of outdoor temperature, heat primes and anchoring on belief in global warming journal, December 2010

Exploring the effectiveness of social messages on promoting energy conservation behavior in buildings journal, June 2016

The moderating role of individual differences in responses to benefit and temporal framing of messages promoting residential energy saving journal, December 2015

Normative, Gain and Hedonic Goal Frames Guiding Environmental Behavior journal, March 2007

How does environmental concern influence specific environmentally related behaviors? A new answer to an old question journal, March 2003

An empirically grounded model for simulating normative energy use feedback interventions journal, July 2016

A Novel Conceptual Framework for Examining Environmental Behavior in Large Organizations: A Case Study of the Cornwall National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom journal, August 2007

The performance of occupancy-based lighting control systems: A review journal, August 2010

Energy saving and energy efficiency concepts for policy making journal, November 2009

Three dimensional energy profile: journal, December 2011

Smart meters and energy savings in Italy: Determining the effectiveness of persuasive communication in dwellings journal, September 2014

Monitoring-based HVAC commissioning of an existing office building for energy efficiency journal, February 2013

Community action for sustainable housing: Building a low-carbon future journal, December 2010

Using the theory of planned behavior to explore environmental behavioral intentions in the workplace journal, June 2013

Towards occupant-centric simulation-aided building design: a case study journal, August 2019

A critical review on questionnaire surveys in the field of energy-related occupant behaviour journal, July 2018

Conducting Human-Centered Building Science at the Well Living Lab journal, July 2019

The dark side of occupants’ behaviour on building energy use
journal, February 2010

On variations of space-heating energy use in office buildings
journal, November 2013

Survey of occupant behaviour and control of indoor environment in Danish dwellings
journal, January 2009

Energy performance gap in refurbished German dwellings: Lesson learned from a field test
journal, September 2016

Understanding high performance buildings: The link between occupant knowledge of passive design systems, corresponding behaviors, occupant comfort and environmental satisfaction
journal, January 2015

Occupant behaviour and robustness of building design
journal, December 2015

The contextual factors contributing to occupants' adaptive comfort behaviors in offices – A review and proposed modeling framework
journal, July 2014

Adaptive thermal comfort and sustainable thermal standards for buildings
journal, July 2002

Green occupants for green buildings: The missing link?
journal, October 2012

See through walls with WiFi!
journal, September 2013

See-Through Walls: Motion Tracking Using Variance-Based Radio Tomography Networks
journal, May 2011

Conditioned emotional reactions.
journal, January 1920

Eye Tracking for Visual Marketing
journal, January 2006

Using results from field surveys to predict the effect of open windows on thermal comfort and energy use in buildings
journal, July 2007

Energy intelligent buildings based on user activity: A survey
journal, January 2013

The determinants of household energy-saving behavior: Survey and comparison in five major Asian cities
journal, January 2013

Energy saving in Swedish households. The (relative) importance of environmental attitudes
journal, September 2011

A high-resolution domestic building occupancy model for energy demand simulations
journal, January 2008

Domestic energy consumption—What role do comfort, habit, and knowledge about the heating system play?
journal, November 2013

The influence of consumers' environmental beliefs and attitudes on energy saving behaviours
journal, December 2011

Exploring the sensitivity of residential energy consumption in China: Implications from a micro-demographic analysis
journal, June 2014

The Hawthorne Effect: a randomised, controlled trial
journal, July 2007

Occupants' window opening behaviour: A literature review of factors influencing occupant behaviour and models
journal, December 2012

Factors influencing the occupants’ window opening behaviour in a naturally ventilated office building
journal, April 2012

Factors influencing occupants’ blind-control behaviour in a naturally ventilated office building
journal, August 2012

Occupant behavior modeling for building performance simulation: Current state and future challenges
journal, November 2015

Occupants’ behaviour in energy simulation tools: lessons from a field monitoring campaign regarding lighting and shading control
journal, August 2014

Behavioural Patterns and User Profiles related to energy consumption for heating
journal, October 2011

Characterising domestic electricity consumption patterns by dwelling and occupant socio-economic variables: An Irish case study
journal, May 2012

Understanding individual human mobility patterns
journal, June 2008

Patterns of occupant interaction with window blinds: A literature review
journal, August 2012

Occupational and energy behaviour patterns in Greek residences
journal, January 1997

Extracting knowledge from building-related data — A data mining framework
journal, March 2013

A novel methodology for knowledge discovery through mining associations between building operational data
journal, April 2012

A decision tree method for building energy demand modeling
journal, October 2010

A data-mining approach to discover patterns of window opening and closing behavior in offices
journal, December 2014

Correlation between occupants and energy consumption
journal, March 2016

Verification of stochastic models of window opening behaviour for residential buildings
journal, January 2012

Verification of stochastic behavioural models of occupants' interactions with windows in residential buildings
journal, December 2015

Functional mock-up unit for co-simulation import in EnergyPlus
journal, June 2013

An ontology to represent energy-related occupant behavior in buildings. Part II: Implementation of the DNAS framework using an XML schema
journal, December 2015

An ontology to represent energy-related occupant behavior in buildings. Part I: Introduction to the DNAs framework
journal, October 2015

A generalized probabilistic formula relating occupant behavior to environmental conditions
journal, January 2016

User behavior in whole building simulation
journal, March 2009

Integrating social science in energy research
journal, March 2015

Promoting household energy conservation
journal, December 2008

Economic Sociology and the Social Problem of Energy Inefficiency
journal, April 2007

Thermal comfort and workplace occupant satisfaction—Results of field studies in German low energy office buildings
journal, July 2007

Comfort assessment in the context of sustainable buildings: Comparison of simplified and detailed human thermal sensation methods
journal, January 2014

Energy efficient design and occupant well-being: Case studies in the UK and India
journal, February 2010

Rejecting renewables: The socio-technical impediments to renewable electricity in the United States
journal, November 2009

What psychology knows about energy conservation.
journal, January 1992

Who wants solar water heaters and alternative fuel vehicles? Assessing social–psychological predictors of adoption intention and policy support in China
journal, May 2016

Energy at work: Social psychological factors affecting energy conservation intentions within Chinese electric power companies
journal, December 2014

A review of intervention studies aimed at household energy conservation
journal, September 2005

Information strategies and energy conservation behavior: A meta-analysis of experimental studies from 1975 to 2012
journal, October 2013

Encouraging pro-environmental behaviour: An integrative review and research agenda
journal, September 2009

A blind spot in driving decisions: how neglecting costs puts us in overdrive: A letter
journal, November 2009

The theory of planned behavior
journal, December 1991

Motivating energy conservation in the workplace: An evaluation of the use of group-level feedback and peer education
journal, March 2011

Effect of outdoor temperature, heat primes and anchoring on belief in global warming
journal, December 2010

Exploring the effectiveness of social messages on promoting energy conservation behavior in buildings
journal, June 2016

The moderating role of individual differences in responses to benefit and temporal framing of messages promoting residential energy saving
journal, December 2015

Normative, Gain and Hedonic Goal Frames Guiding Environmental Behavior
journal, March 2007

How does environmental concern influence specific environmentally related behaviors? A new answer to an old question
journal, March 2003

An empirically grounded model for simulating normative energy use feedback interventions
journal, July 2016

A Novel Conceptual Framework for Examining Environmental Behavior in Large Organizations: A Case Study of the Cornwall National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom
journal, August 2007

The performance of occupancy-based lighting control systems: A review
journal, August 2010

Energy saving and energy efficiency concepts for policy making
journal, November 2009

Three dimensional energy profile:
journal, December 2011

Smart meters and energy savings in Italy: Determining the effectiveness of persuasive communication in dwellings
journal, September 2014

Monitoring-based HVAC commissioning of an existing office building for energy efficiency
journal, February 2013

Community action for sustainable housing: Building a low-carbon future
journal, December 2010

Using the theory of planned behavior to explore environmental behavioral intentions in the workplace
journal, June 2013

Towards occupant-centric simulation-aided building design: a case study
journal, August 2019

A critical review on questionnaire surveys in the field of energy-related occupant behaviour
journal, July 2018

Conducting Human-Centered Building Science at the Well Living Lab
journal, July 2019

Planning for sustainable cities by estimating building occupancy with mobile phones
journal, August 2019

Towards a User-Centered and Condition-Based Approach in Building Operation and Maintenance
book, October 2019

A library of building occupant behaviour models represented in a standardised schema
journal, April 2018