Title: Autonomous sweat extraction and analysis applied to cystic fibrosis and glucose monitoring using a fully integrated wearable platform

Abstract

Perspiration-based wearable biosensors facilitate continuous monitoring of individuals' health states with real-time and molecular-level insight. The inherent inaccessibility of sweat in sedentary individuals in large volume (≥10 μL) for on-demand and in situ analysis has limited our ability to capitalize on this noninvasive and rich source of information. A wearable and miniaturized iontophoresis interface is an excellent solution to overcome this barrier. The iontophoresis process involves delivery of stimulating agonists to the sweat glands with the aid of an electrical current. The challenge remains in devising an iontophoresis interface that can extract sufficient amount of sweat for robust sensing, without electrode corrosion and burning/causing discomfort in subjects. Here, we overcame this challenge through realizing an electrochemically enhanced iontophoresis interface, integrated in a wearable sweat analysis platform. This interface can be programmed to induce sweat with various secretion profiles for real-time analysis, a capability which can be exploited to advance our knowledge of the sweat gland physiology and the secretion process. To demonstrate the clinical value of our platform, human subject studies were performed in the context of the cystic fibrosis diagnosis and preliminary investigation of the blood/sweat glucose correlation. With our platform, we detected the elevated sweat electrolyte content ofmore » cystic fibrosis patients compared with that of healthy control subjects. Furthermore, our results indicate that oral glucose consumption in the fasting state is followed by increased glucose levels in both sweat and blood. In conclusion, our solution opens the possibility for a broad range of noninvasive diagnostic and general population health monitoring applications.« less

Authors:

Emaminejad, Sam ^[1]; Gao, Wei ^[2]; Wu, Eric ^[3]; Davies, Zoe A. ^[4]; Yin Yin Nyein, Hnin ^[2]; Challa, Samyuktha ^[5]; Ryan, Sean P. ^[4]; Fahad, Hossain M. ^[2]; Chen, Kevin ^[2]; Shahpar, Ziba ^[2]; Talebi, Salmonn ^[5]; Milla, Carlos ^[6]; Javey, Ali ^[2]; Davis, Ronald W. ^[7]

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+ Show Author Affiliations

1. Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304,, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720,, Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720,, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720,
2. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720,, Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720,, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720,
3. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720,
4. The Stanford Cystic Fibrosis Center, Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305,
5. Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304,, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
6. Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
7. Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304,

Publication Date:

Mon Apr 17 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Research Org.:

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:

USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:

1351925

Alternate Identifier(s):

OSTI ID: 1411578

Grant/Contract Number:  

AC02-05CH11231; P01HG000205

Resource Type:

Published Article

Journal Name:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Additional Journal Information:

Journal Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Journal Volume: 114 Journal Issue: 18; Journal ID: ISSN 0027-8424

Publisher:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Country of Publication:

United States

Language:

English

Subject:

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES; 47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION; wearable; biosensors; noninvasive; iontophoresis; personalized medicine