Oxidative Alteration of Ferrous Smectites and Implications for the Redox Evolution of Early Mars: Oxidation Products of Ferrous Smectites
Abstract
Surface conditions on early Mars were likely anoxic, similar to early Earth, but the timing of the evolution to oxic conditions characteristic of contemporary Mars is unresolved. Ferrous trioctahedral smectites are the thermodynamically predicted products of anoxic basalt weathering, but orbital analyses of Noachian-aged terrains find primarily Fe3+-bearing clay minerals. Rover-based detection of Fe2+-bearing trioctahedral smectites at Gale Crater suggests that ferrous smectites are the unoxidized progenitors of orbitally detected ferric smectites. To assess this pathway, we conducted ambient-temperature oxidative alteration experiments on four synthetic ferrous smectites having molar Fe/(Mg + Fe) from 1.00 to 0.33. Smectite suspension in air-saturated solutions produced incomplete oxidation (24–38% Fe3+/ΣFe). Additional smectite oxidation occurred upon reexposure to air-saturated solutions after anoxic hydrothermal recrystallization, which accelerated cation and charge redistribution in the octahedral sheet. Oxidation was accompanied by contraction of the octahedral sheet (d(060) decreased from 1.53–1.56 Å to 1.52 Å), consistent with a shift toward dioctahedral structure. Ferrous smectite oxidation by aqueous hydrogen peroxide solutions resulted in nearly complete Fe2+ oxidation but also led to partial Fe3+ ejection from the structure, producing nanoparticulate hematite. Reflectance spectra of oxidized smectites were characterized by (Fe3+,Mg)2-OH bands at 2.28–2.30 μm, consistent with oxidative formation of dioctahedral nontronite.more »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[2]
- Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States); Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO (United States)
- Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO (United States)
- EIS Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston TX USA
- Univ. of Alabama, Birmingham, AL (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1417389
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1411260
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 122; Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9097
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- ENGLISH
- Subject:
- 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; Mars; clay mineralogy; alteration and weathering processes; experimental mineralogy; Gale Crater
Citation Formats
Chemtob, Steven M., Nickerson, Ryan D., Morris, Richard V., Agresti, David G., and Catalano, Jeffrey G. Oxidative Alteration of Ferrous Smectites and Implications for the Redox Evolution of Early Mars: Oxidation Products of Ferrous Smectites. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1002/2017JE005331.
Chemtob, Steven M., Nickerson, Ryan D., Morris, Richard V., Agresti, David G., & Catalano, Jeffrey G. Oxidative Alteration of Ferrous Smectites and Implications for the Redox Evolution of Early Mars: Oxidation Products of Ferrous Smectites. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JE005331
Chemtob, Steven M., Nickerson, Ryan D., Morris, Richard V., Agresti, David G., and Catalano, Jeffrey G. Fri .
"Oxidative Alteration of Ferrous Smectites and Implications for the Redox Evolution of Early Mars: Oxidation Products of Ferrous Smectites". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JE005331. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1417389.
@article{osti_1417389,
title = {Oxidative Alteration of Ferrous Smectites and Implications for the Redox Evolution of Early Mars: Oxidation Products of Ferrous Smectites},
author = {Chemtob, Steven M. and Nickerson, Ryan D. and Morris, Richard V. and Agresti, David G. and Catalano, Jeffrey G.},
abstractNote = {Surface conditions on early Mars were likely anoxic, similar to early Earth, but the timing of the evolution to oxic conditions characteristic of contemporary Mars is unresolved. Ferrous trioctahedral smectites are the thermodynamically predicted products of anoxic basalt weathering, but orbital analyses of Noachian-aged terrains find primarily Fe3+-bearing clay minerals. Rover-based detection of Fe2+-bearing trioctahedral smectites at Gale Crater suggests that ferrous smectites are the unoxidized progenitors of orbitally detected ferric smectites. To assess this pathway, we conducted ambient-temperature oxidative alteration experiments on four synthetic ferrous smectites having molar Fe/(Mg + Fe) from 1.00 to 0.33. Smectite suspension in air-saturated solutions produced incomplete oxidation (24–38% Fe3+/ΣFe). Additional smectite oxidation occurred upon reexposure to air-saturated solutions after anoxic hydrothermal recrystallization, which accelerated cation and charge redistribution in the octahedral sheet. Oxidation was accompanied by contraction of the octahedral sheet (d(060) decreased from 1.53–1.56 Å to 1.52 Å), consistent with a shift toward dioctahedral structure. Ferrous smectite oxidation by aqueous hydrogen peroxide solutions resulted in nearly complete Fe2+ oxidation but also led to partial Fe3+ ejection from the structure, producing nanoparticulate hematite. Reflectance spectra of oxidized smectites were characterized by (Fe3+,Mg)2-OH bands at 2.28–2.30 μm, consistent with oxidative formation of dioctahedral nontronite. Accordingly, ferrous smectites are plausible precursors to observed ferric smectites on Mars, and their presence in late-Noachian sedimentary units suggests that anoxic conditions may have persisted on Mars beyond the Noachian.},
doi = {10.1002/2017JE005331},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets},
number = 12,
volume = 122,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Fri Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
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