The metallicity of the intracluster medium over cosmic time: further evidence for early enrichment
Abstract
Here, we use Chandra X-ray data to measure the metallicity of the intracluster medium (ICM) in 245 massive galaxy clusters selected from X-ray and Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) effect surveys, spanning redshifts 0 < z < 1.2. Metallicities were measured in three different radial ranges, spanning cluster cores through their outskirts. We explore trends in these measurements as a function of cluster redshift, temperature and surface brightness ‘peakiness’ (a proxy for gas cooling efficiency in cluster centres). The data at large radii (0.5–1 r500) are consistent with a constant metallicity, while at intermediate radii (0.1–0.5 r500) we see a late-time increase in enrichment, consistent with the expected production and mixing of metals in cluster cores. In cluster centres, there are strong trends of metallicity with temperature and peakiness, reflecting enhanced metal production in the lowest entropy gas. Within the cool-core/sharply peaked cluster population, there is a large intrinsic scatter in central metallicity and no overall evolution, indicating significant astrophysical variations in the efficiency of enrichment. The central metallicity in clusters with flat surface brightness profiles is lower, with a smaller intrinsic scatter, but increases towards lower redshifts. Our results are consistent with other recent measurements of ICM metallicity as a function ofmore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
- Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
- Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Kanagawa (Japan)
- MTA-Eotvos Univ. Lendulet Hot Universe Research Group, Budapest (Hungary); Masaryk Univ., Brno (Czech Republic); Hiroshima Univ., Higashi-Hiroshima (Japan)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1410451
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-76SF00515; NNX15AE12G
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 472; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
- Publisher:
- Royal Astronomical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium; X-rays: galaxies: clusters
Citation Formats
Mantz, Adam B., Allen, Steven W., Morris, R. Glenn, Simionescu, Aurora, Urban, Ondrej, Werner, Norbert, and Zhuravleva, Irina. The metallicity of the intracluster medium over cosmic time: further evidence for early enrichment. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2200.
Mantz, Adam B., Allen, Steven W., Morris, R. Glenn, Simionescu, Aurora, Urban, Ondrej, Werner, Norbert, & Zhuravleva, Irina. The metallicity of the intracluster medium over cosmic time: further evidence for early enrichment. United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2200
Mantz, Adam B., Allen, Steven W., Morris, R. Glenn, Simionescu, Aurora, Urban, Ondrej, Werner, Norbert, and Zhuravleva, Irina. Sat .
"The metallicity of the intracluster medium over cosmic time: further evidence for early enrichment". United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2200. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1410451.
@article{osti_1410451,
title = {The metallicity of the intracluster medium over cosmic time: further evidence for early enrichment},
author = {Mantz, Adam B. and Allen, Steven W. and Morris, R. Glenn and Simionescu, Aurora and Urban, Ondrej and Werner, Norbert and Zhuravleva, Irina},
abstractNote = {Here, we use Chandra X-ray data to measure the metallicity of the intracluster medium (ICM) in 245 massive galaxy clusters selected from X-ray and Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) effect surveys, spanning redshifts 0 < z < 1.2. Metallicities were measured in three different radial ranges, spanning cluster cores through their outskirts. We explore trends in these measurements as a function of cluster redshift, temperature and surface brightness ‘peakiness’ (a proxy for gas cooling efficiency in cluster centres). The data at large radii (0.5–1 r500) are consistent with a constant metallicity, while at intermediate radii (0.1–0.5 r500) we see a late-time increase in enrichment, consistent with the expected production and mixing of metals in cluster cores. In cluster centres, there are strong trends of metallicity with temperature and peakiness, reflecting enhanced metal production in the lowest entropy gas. Within the cool-core/sharply peaked cluster population, there is a large intrinsic scatter in central metallicity and no overall evolution, indicating significant astrophysical variations in the efficiency of enrichment. The central metallicity in clusters with flat surface brightness profiles is lower, with a smaller intrinsic scatter, but increases towards lower redshifts. Our results are consistent with other recent measurements of ICM metallicity as a function of redshift. They reinforce the picture implied by observations of uniform metal distributions in the outskirts of nearby clusters, in which most of the enrichment of the ICM takes place before cluster formation, with significant later enrichment taking place only in cluster centres, as the stellar populations of the central galaxies evolve.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/stx2200},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 3,
volume = 472,
place = {United States},
year = {2017},
month = {8}
}
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