Improved measurements of turbulence in the hot gaseous atmospheres of nearby giant elliptical galaxies

Ogorzalek, A.; Zhuravleva, I.; Allen, S. W.; Pinto, C.; Werner, N.; Mantz, A. B.; Canning, R. E. A.; Fabian, A. C.; Kaastra, J. S.; de Plaa, J.

doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2030

Title: Improved measurements of turbulence in the hot gaseous atmospheres of nearby giant elliptical galaxies

Journal Article · 12 August 2017 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2030 · OSTI ID:1410450

Ogorzalek, A. ^[1]; Zhuravleva, I. ^[1]; Allen, S. W. ^[2]; Pinto, C. ^[3]; Werner, N. ^[4]; Mantz, A. B. ^[1]; Canning, R. E. A. ^[1]; Fabian, A. C. ^[3]; Kaastra, J. S. ^[5]; de Plaa, J. ^[6]

Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge (United Kingdom)
MTA-Eotvos Univ. Lendulet Hot Universe Research Group, Budapest (Hungary); Masaryk Univ., Brno (Czech Republic)
SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Utrecht (The Netherlands); Leiden Univ., Leiden (The Netherlands)
SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Utrecht (The Netherlands)

Here, we present significantly improved measurements of turbulent velocities in the hot gaseous haloes of nearby giant elliptical galaxies. Using deep XMM–NewtonReflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) observations and a combination of resonance scattering and direct line broadening methods, we obtain well bounded constraints for 13 galaxies. Assuming that the turbulence is isotropic, we obtain a best-fitting mean 1D turbulent velocity of 110 km s^-1. This implies a typical 3D Mach number ~0.45 and a typical non-thermal pressure contribution of ~6 per cent in the cores of nearby massive galaxies. The intrinsic scatter around these values is modest – consistent with zero, albeit with large statistical uncertainty – hinting at a common and quasi-continuous mechanism sourcing the velocity structure in these objects. Using conservative estimates of the spatial scales associated with the observed turbulent motions, we find that turbulent heating can be sufficient to offset radiative cooling in the inner regions of these galaxies (<10 kpc, typically 2–3 kpc). The full potential of our analysis methods will be enabled by future X-ray micro-calorimeter observations.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; 340442

OSTI ID:: 1410450

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 472, Issue 2; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Royal Astronomical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Collisional Plasma Models with APEC/APED: Emission Line Diagnostics of Hydrogen-like and Helium-like Ions Smith, Randall K.; Brickhouse, Nancy S.; Liedahl, Duane A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0106478	text	January 2001
High Resolution Observations of the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4636 with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer On-Board XMM-Newton Xu, H.; Kahn, S. M.; Peterson, J. R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0110013	text	January 2001
XMM-Newton observations of the Perseus Cluster I: The temperature and surface brightness structure Churazov, E.; Forman, W.; Jones, C. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0301482	text	January 2003
Thermal Instability in Clusters of Galaxies with Conduction Kim, Woong-Tae; Narayan, Ramesh arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0303097	text	January 2003
A very deep Chandra observation of the Perseus cluster: shocks, ripples and conduction Fabian, A. C.; Sanders, J. S.; Taylor, G. B. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0510476	text	January 2005
The origin of cold fronts in the cores of relaxed galaxy clusters Ascasibar, Yago; Markevitch, Maxim arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0603246	text	January 2006

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An XMM-Newton look at the strongly variable radio-weak BL Lac Fermi J1544–0639 Ursini, F.; Bassani, L.; Panessa, F. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 622 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834662	journal	February 2019
Measuring bulk flows of the intracluster medium in the Perseus and Coma galaxy clusters using XMM-Newton Sanders, J. S.; Dennerl, K.; Russell, H. R. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 633 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936468	journal	January 2020
AGN feedback in the Phoenix cluster Pinto, C.; Bambic, C. J.; Sanders, J. S. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 480, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2185	journal	August 2018
AGN feedback and multiphase gas in giant elliptical galaxies Wang, Chaoran; Li, Yuan; Ruszkowski, Mateusz Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 482, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2906	journal	October 2018
Cooling in the X-ray halo of the rotating, massive early-type galaxy NGC 7049 Juráňová, A.; Werner, N.; Gaspari, M. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 484, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz185	journal	January 2019
Limits on turbulent propagation of energy in cool-core clusters of galaxies Bambic, C. J.; Pinto, C.; Fabian, A. C. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 478, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/sly060	journal	April 2018
Physical Origins of Gas Motions in Galaxy Cluster Cores: Interpreting Hitomi Observations of the Perseus Cluster Lau, Erwin T.; Gaspari, Massimo; Nagai, Daisuke The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 849, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa8c00	journal	October 2017
Shaken Snow Globes: Kinematic Tracers of the Multiphase Condensation Cascade in Massive Galaxies, Groups, and Clusters Gaspari, M.; McDonald, M.; Hamer, S. L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 854, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaaa1b	journal	February 2018
Acoustic Disturbances in Galaxy Clusters Zweibel, Ellen G.; Mirnov, Vladimir V.; Ruszkowski, Mateusz The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 858, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aab9ae	journal	April 2018
Resonant Scattering Effect on the Soft X-Ray Line Emission from the Hot Interstellar Medium. I. Galactic Bulges Chen, Yang; Wang, Q. Daniel; Zhang, Gao-Yuan The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 861, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaca32	journal	July 2018
Gas Perturbations in the Cool Cores of Galaxy Clusters: Effective Equation of State, Velocity Power Spectra, and Turbulent Heating Zhuravleva, Irina; Allen, Steven W.; Mantz, Adam The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aadae3	journal	September 2018
A Multifiltering Study of Turbulence in a Large Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters Valdarnini, R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 874, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab0964	journal	March 2019
The Extremely High Dark Matter Halo Concentration of the Relic Compact Elliptical Galaxy Mrk 1216 Buote, David A.; Barth, Aaron J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 877, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab1008	journal	May 2019
Acoustic Disturbances in Galaxy Clusters Zweibel, Eg; Ruszkowski, M.; Reynolds, Cs American Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.30669	journalarticle	January 2018
AGN feedback in the Phoenix cluster Pinto, Ciro; Bambic, Cj; Sanders, Js Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.33502	text	January 2018
Limits on turbulent propagation of energy in cool-core clusters of galaxies Bambic, Cj; Pinto, Ciro; Fabian, Ac Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.24272	text	January 2018
Physical Origins of Gas Motions in Galaxy Cluster Cores: Interpreting Hitomi Observations of the Perseus Cluster Lau, Erwin T.; Gaspari, Massimo; Nagai, Daisuke arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1705.06280	text	January 2017
Measuring turbulence and gas motions in galaxy clusters via synthetic Athena X-IFU observations Roncarelli, M.; Gaspari, M.; Ettori, S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1805.02577	text	January 2018
Resonant scattering effect on the soft X-ray line emission from the hot interstellar medium: I. galactic bulges Chen, Yang; Wang, Q. Daniel; Zhang, Gao-Yuan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1806.01474	text	January 2018
An XMM-Newton look at the strongly variable radio-weak BL Lac Fermi J1544-0639 Ursini, F.; Bassani, L.; Panessa, F. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1901.01833	text	January 2019
Constraining Gas Motions in the Intra-Cluster Medium Simionescu, A.; ZuHone, J.; Zhuravleva, I. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.00024	text	January 2019
The Extremely High Dark Matter Halo Concentration of the Relic Compact Elliptical Galaxy Mrk 1216 Buote, David A.; Barth, Aaron J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.02938	text	January 2019
A multifiltering study of turbulence in a large sample of simulated galaxy clusters Valdarnini, R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.07291	text	January 2019
X-ray spectra of the Fe-L complex Gu, Liyi; Raassen, A. J. J.; Mao, Junjie arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.07871	text	January 2019
Measuring bulk flows of the intracluster medium in the Perseus and Coma galaxy clusters using XMM-Newton Sanders, J. S.; Dennerl, K.; Russell, H. R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1911.13108	text	January 2019
Hot Atmospheres, Cold Gas, AGN Feedback and the Evolution of Early Type Galaxies: a Topical Perspective Werner, N.; McNamara, B. R.; Churazov, E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1811.05004	text	January 2018
Constraining Gas Motions in the Intra-Cluster Medium Simionescu, A.; ZuHone, J.; Zhuravleva, I. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.00024	text	January 2019
Hot atmospheres of galaxies, groups, and clusters of galaxies Werner, Norbert; Mernier, François arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2001.10023	text	January 2020
Science with the X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) Team, XRISM Science arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2003.04962	preprint	January 2020

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