Intermediate-Scale Experimental Study to Improve Fundamental Understanding of Attenuation Capacity for Leaking CO2 in Heterogeneous Shallow Aquifers

Plampin, Michael R.; Porter, Mark L.; Pawar, Rajesh J.; Illangasekare, Tissa H.

doi:10.1002/2016WR020142

Title: Intermediate-Scale Experimental Study to Improve Fundamental Understanding of Attenuation Capacity for Leaking CO₂ in Heterogeneous Shallow Aquifers

Abstract

Abstract To assess the risks of Geologic Carbon Sequestration (GCS), it is crucial to understand the fundamental physicochemical processes that may occur if and when stored CO ₂ leaks upward from a deep storage reservoir into the shallow subsurface. Intermediate‐scale experiments allow for improved understanding of the multiphase evolution processes that control CO ₂ migration behavior in the subsurface, because the boundary conditions, initial conditions, and porous media parameters can be better controlled and monitored in the laboratory than in field settings. For this study, a large experimental test bed was designed to mimic a cross section of a shallow aquifer with layered geologic heterogeneity. As water with aqueous CO ₂ was injected into the system to mimic a CO ₂ ‐charged water leakage scenario, the spatiotemporal evolution of the multiphase CO ₂ plume was monitored. Similar experiments were performed with two different sand combinations to assess the relative effects of different types of geologic facies transitions on the CO ₂ evolution processes. Significant CO ₂ attenuation was observed in both scenarios, but by fundamentally different mechanisms. When the porous media layers had very different permeabilities, attenuation was caused by local accumulation (structural trapping) and slow redissolution of gas phasemore »« less

Authors:

^[1]; Porter, Mark L. ^[2]; Pawar, Rajesh J. ^[2]; Illangasekare, Tissa H. ^[1]

Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States). Center for Experimental Study of Subsurface Environmental Processes, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Publication Date:: 2017-11-15

Research Org.:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE), Clean Coal and Carbon Management

OSTI Identifier:: 1409795

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1410889

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-17-30118
Journal ID: ISSN 0043-1397

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Water Resources Research

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 53; Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 0043-1397

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 58 GEOSCIENCES; 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Earth Sciences

Citation Formats


                    Plampin, Michael R., Porter, Mark L., Pawar, Rajesh J., and Illangasekare, Tissa H.. Intermediate-Scale Experimental Study to Improve Fundamental Understanding of Attenuation Capacity for Leaking CO2 in Heterogeneous Shallow Aquifers.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1002/2016WR020142.

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                    Plampin, Michael R., Porter, Mark L., Pawar, Rajesh J., & Illangasekare, Tissa H.. Intermediate-Scale Experimental Study to Improve Fundamental Understanding of Attenuation Capacity for Leaking CO2 in Heterogeneous Shallow Aquifers.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR020142

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                    Plampin, Michael R., Porter, Mark L., Pawar, Rajesh J., and Illangasekare, Tissa H.. Wed .  
"Intermediate-Scale Experimental Study to Improve Fundamental Understanding of Attenuation Capacity for Leaking CO2 in Heterogeneous Shallow Aquifers".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR020142.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1409795.

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@article{osti_1409795,

  title        = {Intermediate-Scale Experimental Study to Improve Fundamental Understanding of Attenuation Capacity for Leaking CO2 in Heterogeneous Shallow Aquifers},

  author       = {Plampin, Michael R. and Porter, Mark L. and Pawar, Rajesh J. and Illangasekare, Tissa H.},

  abstractNote = {Abstract To assess the risks of Geologic Carbon Sequestration (GCS), it is crucial to understand the fundamental physicochemical processes that may occur if and when stored CO 2 leaks upward from a deep storage reservoir into the shallow subsurface. Intermediate‐scale experiments allow for improved understanding of the multiphase evolution processes that control CO 2 migration behavior in the subsurface, because the boundary conditions, initial conditions, and porous media parameters can be better controlled and monitored in the laboratory than in field settings. For this study, a large experimental test bed was designed to mimic a cross section of a shallow aquifer with layered geologic heterogeneity. As water with aqueous CO 2 was injected into the system to mimic a CO 2 ‐charged water leakage scenario, the spatiotemporal evolution of the multiphase CO 2 plume was monitored. Similar experiments were performed with two different sand combinations to assess the relative effects of different types of geologic facies transitions on the CO 2 evolution processes. Significant CO 2 attenuation was observed in both scenarios, but by fundamentally different mechanisms. When the porous media layers had very different permeabilities, attenuation was caused by local accumulation (structural trapping) and slow redissolution of gas phase CO 2 . When the permeability difference between the layers was relatively small, on the other hand, gas phase continually evolved over widespread areas near the leading edge of the aqueous plume, which also attenuated CO 2 migration. This improved process understanding will aid in the development of models that could be used for effective risk assessment and monitoring programs for GCS projects.},

  doi          = {10.1002/2016WR020142},

  journal      = {Water Resources Research},

  number       = 12,

  volume       = 53,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2017},

  month        = {11}

}

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Similar Records

Title: Intermediate-Scale Experimental Study to Improve Fundamental Understanding of Attenuation Capacity for Leaking CO2 in Heterogeneous Shallow Aquifers

Abstract

Citation Formats

Migration of exsolved CO 2 following depressurization of saturated brines : Short Communication: Migration of exsolved CO journal, October 2013

Monitoring CO2 gas-phase migration in a shallow sand aquifer using cross-borehole ground penetrating radar journal, June 2015

Onset of convection in a gravitationally unstable diffusive boundary layer in porous media journal, February 2006

Simulations of long-column flow experiments related to geologic carbon sequestration: effects of outer wall boundary condition on upward flow and formation of liquid CO2 journal, August 2012

On leakage and seepage of CO2 from geologic storage sites into surface water journal, April 2006

Modeling vertical stratification of CO2 injected into a deep layered aquifer journal, March 2009

Pore-scale multiphase flow modeling and imaging of CO2 exsolution in Sandstone journal, July 2017

Heterogeneity-enhanced gas phase formation in shallow aquifers during leakage of CO 2 -saturated water from geologic sequestration sites journal, December 2014

Experimental and modeling investigation of CO 2 flow and transport in a coupled domain of porous media and free flow journal, November 2015

Influence of capillary-pressure models on CO2 solubility trapping journal, December 2013

Process-dependent residual trapping of CO 2 in sandstone : Zuo and Benson: Process Dependent Trapping journal, April 2014

Large-scale impact of CO2 storage in deep saline aquifers: A sensitivity study on pressure response in stratified systems journal, March 2009

What controls carbon dioxide gas phase evolution in the subsurface? Experimental observations in a 4.5m-long column under different heterogeneity conditions journal, September 2013

A Simple Method for Calibrating Dielectric Soil Moisture Sensors: Laboratory Validation in Sands journal, January 2011

Influence of small-scale heterogeneity on upward CO2 plume migration in storage aquifers journal, September 2015

The impact of local diffusion upon mass arrival of a passive solute in transport through three-dimensional highly heterogeneous aquifers journal, December 2011

Characterization of Miller-Similar Silica Sands for Laboratory Hydrologic Studies journal, January 1996

Mass transfer coefficient measurement during brine flush in a CO2-filled packed bed by X-ray CT scanning journal, December 2017

Mass transfer correlations for nonaqueous phase liquid dissolution from regions with high initial saturations: DISSOLUTION MODEL FOR HIGH NAPL SATURATIONS journal, February 2003

Comparison of height-averaged and point-measured capillary pressure-saturation relations for sands using a modified Tempe cell: TECHNICAL NOTE journal, December 2007

Pore-scale supercritical CO2 dissolution and mass transfer under imbibition conditions journal, June 2016

Elucidating geochemical response of shallow heterogeneous aquifers to CO2 leakage using high-performance computing: Implications for monitoring of CO2 sequestration journal, March 2013

Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the Next 50 Years with Current Technologies journal, August 2004

CO2 leakage in shallow aquifers: A benchmark modeling study of CO2 gas evolution in heterogeneous porous media journal, August 2015

The critical gas saturation in a porous medium in the presence of gravity journal, February 2004

Modeling Gas Transport in the Shallow Subsurface During the ZERT CO2 Release Test journal, April 2009

On Leakage and Seepage from Geologic Carbon Sequestration Sites journal, January 2003

Multi-scale Experimentation and Numerical Modeling for Process Understanding of CO2 Attenuation in the shallow subsurface journal, January 2014

Micromodel investigations of CO2 exsolution from carbonated water in sedimentary rocks journal, March 2013

Spatial and temporal features of density-dependent contaminant transport: Experimental investigation and numerical modeling journal, October 2009

Experimental study on effects of geologic heterogeneity in enhancing dissolution trapping of supercritical CO 2 journal, March 2015

Effects of geologic heterogeneity on migration of gaseous CO 2 using laboratory and modeling investigations journal, December 2015

Experimental study of gas evolution in heterogeneous shallow subsurface formations during leakage of stored CO2 journal, March 2014

Rise velocity of an air bubble in porous media: Theoretical studies: AIR BUBBLE IN POROUS MEDIA journal, April 2004

CO2 Leakage Into Shallow Aquifers: Modeling CO2 Gas Evolution and Accumulation at Interfaces of Heterogeneity journal, January 2014

High CO2 emissions through porous media: transport mechanisms and implications for flux measurement and fractionation journal, July 2001

Origin of the patchy emission pattern at the ZERT CO2 release test journal, January 2010

A breakthrough curve analysis of unstable density-driven flow and transport in homogeneous porous media: BTC ANALYSIS OF UNSTABLE DENSITY-DRIVEN FLOW AND TRANSPORT journal, March 2004

Capillary heterogeneity trapping of CO 2 in a sandstone rock at reservoir conditions : CAPILLARY HETEROGENEITY TRAPPING OF CO journal, August 2011

Surface CO 2 leakage during two shallow subsurface CO 2 releases journal, January 2007

Modeling plume behavior for nonlinearly sorbing solutes in saturated homogeneous porous media journal, May 1998

A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media journal, June 1976

Empirical two-point α -mixing model for calibrating the ECH 2 O EC-5 soil moisture sensor in sands : TWO-POINT journal, April 2008

Gas exsolution and flow during supersaturated water injection in porous media: I. Pore network modeling journal, January 2011

A natural gradient experiment on solute transport in a sand aquifer: 2. Spatial moments and the advection and dispersion of nonreactive tracers journal, December 1986

Assessing health impacts of CO2 leakage from a geological storage site into buildings: Role of attenuation in the unsaturated zone and building foundation journal, July 2012

Gas exsolution and flow during supersaturated water injection in porous media: II. Column experiments and continuum modeling journal, January 2011

A Closed-form Equation for Predicting the Hydraulic Conductivity of Unsaturated Soils1 journal, January 1980

Modeling Gas Transport in the Shallow Subsurface in Maguelone Field Experiment journal, January 2013

Effect of groundwater flow dimensionality on mass transfer from entrapped nonaqueous phase liquid contaminants journal, April 2000

Groundwater chemical evolution in a sandy silicate aquifer in northern Wisconsin: 1. Patterns and rates of change journal, February 1992

On Leakage and Seepage from Geologic Carbon Sequestration Sites: Unsaturated Zone Attenuation journal, August 2003

Spatial and temporal features of dense contaminant transport: experimental investigation and numerical modeling text, January 2009

Title: Intermediate-Scale Experimental Study to Improve Fundamental Understanding of Attenuation Capacity for Leaking CO₂ in Heterogeneous Shallow Aquifers

Migration of exsolved CO ₂ following depressurization of saturated brines : Short Communication: Migration of exsolved CO
journal, October 2013

Monitoring CO2 gas-phase migration in a shallow sand aquifer using cross-borehole ground penetrating radar
journal, June 2015

Onset of convection in a gravitationally unstable diffusive boundary layer in porous media
journal, February 2006

Simulations of long-column flow experiments related to geologic carbon sequestration: effects of outer wall boundary condition on upward flow and formation of liquid CO2
journal, August 2012

On leakage and seepage of CO2 from geologic storage sites into surface water
journal, April 2006

Modeling vertical stratification of CO2 injected into a deep layered aquifer
journal, March 2009

Pore-scale multiphase flow modeling and imaging of CO2 exsolution in Sandstone
journal, July 2017

Heterogeneity-enhanced gas phase formation in shallow aquifers during leakage of CO ₂ -saturated water from geologic sequestration sites
journal, December 2014

Experimental and modeling investigation of CO 2 flow and transport in a coupled domain of porous media and free flow
journal, November 2015

Influence of capillary-pressure models on CO2 solubility trapping
journal, December 2013

Process-dependent residual trapping of CO ₂ in sandstone : Zuo and Benson: Process Dependent Trapping
journal, April 2014

Large-scale impact of CO2 storage in deep saline aquifers: A sensitivity study on pressure response in stratified systems
journal, March 2009

What controls carbon dioxide gas phase evolution in the subsurface? Experimental observations in a 4.5m-long column under different heterogeneity conditions
journal, September 2013

A Simple Method for Calibrating Dielectric Soil Moisture Sensors: Laboratory Validation in Sands
journal, January 2011

Influence of small-scale heterogeneity on upward CO2 plume migration in storage aquifers
journal, September 2015

The impact of local diffusion upon mass arrival of a passive solute in transport through three-dimensional highly heterogeneous aquifers
journal, December 2011

Characterization of Miller-Similar Silica Sands for Laboratory Hydrologic Studies
journal, January 1996

Mass transfer coefficient measurement during brine flush in a CO2-filled packed bed by X-ray CT scanning
journal, December 2017

Mass transfer correlations for nonaqueous phase liquid dissolution from regions with high initial saturations: DISSOLUTION MODEL FOR HIGH NAPL SATURATIONS
journal, February 2003

Comparison of height-averaged and point-measured capillary pressure-saturation relations for sands using a modified Tempe cell: TECHNICAL NOTE
journal, December 2007

Pore-scale supercritical CO2 dissolution and mass transfer under imbibition conditions
journal, June 2016

Elucidating geochemical response of shallow heterogeneous aquifers to CO2 leakage using high-performance computing: Implications for monitoring of CO2 sequestration
journal, March 2013

Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the Next 50 Years with Current Technologies
journal, August 2004

CO2 leakage in shallow aquifers: A benchmark modeling study of CO2 gas evolution in heterogeneous porous media
journal, August 2015

The critical gas saturation in a porous medium in the presence of gravity
journal, February 2004

Modeling Gas Transport in the Shallow Subsurface During the ZERT CO2 Release Test
journal, April 2009

On Leakage and Seepage from Geologic Carbon Sequestration Sites
journal, January 2003

Multi-scale Experimentation and Numerical Modeling for Process Understanding of CO2 Attenuation in the shallow subsurface
journal, January 2014

Micromodel investigations of CO2 exsolution from carbonated water in sedimentary rocks
journal, March 2013

Spatial and temporal features of density-dependent contaminant transport: Experimental investigation and numerical modeling
journal, October 2009

Experimental study on effects of geologic heterogeneity in enhancing dissolution trapping of supercritical CO ₂
journal, March 2015

Effects of geologic heterogeneity on migration of gaseous CO 2 using laboratory and modeling investigations
journal, December 2015

Experimental study of gas evolution in heterogeneous shallow subsurface formations during leakage of stored CO2
journal, March 2014

Rise velocity of an air bubble in porous media: Theoretical studies: AIR BUBBLE IN POROUS MEDIA
journal, April 2004

CO2 Leakage Into Shallow Aquifers: Modeling CO2 Gas Evolution and Accumulation at Interfaces of Heterogeneity
journal, January 2014

High CO2 emissions through porous media: transport mechanisms and implications for flux measurement and fractionation
journal, July 2001

Origin of the patchy emission pattern at the ZERT CO2 release test
journal, January 2010

A breakthrough curve analysis of unstable density-driven flow and transport in homogeneous porous media: BTC ANALYSIS OF UNSTABLE DENSITY-DRIVEN FLOW AND TRANSPORT
journal, March 2004

Capillary heterogeneity trapping of CO ₂ in a sandstone rock at reservoir conditions : CAPILLARY HETEROGENEITY TRAPPING OF CO
journal, August 2011

Surface CO ₂ leakage during two shallow subsurface CO ₂ releases
journal, January 2007

Modeling plume behavior for nonlinearly sorbing solutes in saturated homogeneous porous media
journal, May 1998

A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media
journal, June 1976

Empirical two-point α -mixing model for calibrating the ECH ₂ O EC-5 soil moisture sensor in sands : TWO-POINT
journal, April 2008

Gas exsolution and flow during supersaturated water injection in porous media: I. Pore network modeling
journal, January 2011

A natural gradient experiment on solute transport in a sand aquifer: 2. Spatial moments and the advection and dispersion of nonreactive tracers
journal, December 1986

Assessing health impacts of CO2 leakage from a geological storage site into buildings: Role of attenuation in the unsaturated zone and building foundation
journal, July 2012

Gas exsolution and flow during supersaturated water injection in porous media: II. Column experiments and continuum modeling
journal, January 2011

A Closed-form Equation for Predicting the Hydraulic Conductivity of Unsaturated Soils1
journal, January 1980

Modeling Gas Transport in the Shallow Subsurface in Maguelone Field Experiment
journal, January 2013

Effect of groundwater flow dimensionality on mass transfer from entrapped nonaqueous phase liquid contaminants
journal, April 2000

Groundwater chemical evolution in a sandy silicate aquifer in northern Wisconsin: 1. Patterns and rates of change
journal, February 1992

On Leakage and Seepage from Geologic Carbon Sequestration Sites: Unsaturated Zone Attenuation
journal, August 2003

Spatial and temporal features of dense contaminant transport: experimental investigation and numerical modeling
text, January 2009