Measurement of interaction between antiprotons

Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Alekseev, I.; Alford, J.; Aparin, A.; Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Averichev, G. S.; Bairathi, V.; Banerjee, A.; Bellwied, R.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bhattarai, P.; Bielcik, J.; Bielcikova, J.; Bland, L. C.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Bouchet, J.; Brandenburg, J. D.; Brandin, A. V.; Bunzarov, I.; Butterworth, J.; Caines, H.; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M.; Campbell, J. M.; Cebra, D.; Cervantes, M. C.; Chakaberia, I.; Chaloupka, P.; Chang, Z.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, J. H.; Chen, X.; Cheng, J.; Cherney, M.; Christie, W.; Contin, G.; Crawford, H. J.; Das, S.; De Silva, L. C.; Debbe, R. R.; Dedovich, T. G.; Deng, J.; Derevschikov, A. A.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dilks, C.; Dong, X.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Draper, J. E.; Du, C. M.; Dunkelberger, L. E.; Dunlop, J. C.; Efimov, L. G.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Esha, R.; Evdokimov, O.; Eyser, O.; Fatemi, R.; Fazio, S.; Federic, P.; Fedorisin, J.; Feng, Z.; Filip, P.; Fisyak, Y.; Flores, C. E.; Fulek, L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Garand, D.; Geurts, F.; Gibson, A.; Girard, M.; Greiner, L.; Grosnick, D.; Gunarathne, D. S.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, S.; Guryn, W.; Hamad, A.; Hamed, A.; Haque, R.; Harris, J. W.; He, L.; Heppelmann, S.; Heppelmann, S.; Hirsch, A.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Hofman, D. J.; Horvat, S.; Huang, B.; Huang, H. Z.; Huang, X.; Huck, P.; Humanic, T. J.; Igo, G.; Jacobs, W. W.; Jang, H.; Jiang, K.; Judd, E. G.; Kabana, S.; Kalinkin, D.; Kang, K.; Kauder, K.; Ke, H. W.; Keane, D.; Kechechyan, A.; Khan, Z. H.; Kikoła, D. P.; Kisel, I.; Kisiel, A.; Klein, S.; Kochenda, L.; Koetke, D. D.; Kollegger, T.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Kraishan, A. F.; Kravtsov, P.; Krueger, K.; Kulakov, I.; Kumar, L.; Kycia, R. A.; Lamont, M. A.  C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Landry, K. D.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lednicky, R.; Lee, J. H.; Li, X.; Li, Z. M.; Li, Y.; Li, W.; Li, X.; Li, C.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, F.; Ljubicic, T.; Llope, W. J.; Lomnitz, M.; Longacre, R. S.; Luo, X.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, R.; Ma, Y. G.; Ma, L.; Magdy, N.; Majka, R.; Manion, A.; Margetis, S.; Markert, C.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; McDonald, D.; Meehan, K.; Minaev, N. G.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mishra, D.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Morozov, D. A.; Mustafa, M. K.; Nandi, B. K.; Nasim, Md.; Nayak, T. K.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Nogach, L. V.; Noh, S. Y.; Novak, J.; Nurushev, S. B.; Odyniec, G.; Ogawa, A.; Oh, K.; Okorokov, V.; Olvitt, D.; Page, B. S.; Pak, R.; Pan, Y. X.; Pandit, Y.; Panebratsev, Y.; Pawlik, B.; Pei, H.; Perkins, C.; Peterson, A.; Pile, P.; Planinic, M.; Pluta, J.; Poljak, N.; Poniatowska, K.; Porter, J.; Posik, M.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Putschke, J.; Qiu, H.; Quintero, A.; Ramachandran, S.; Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Ray, R. L.; Ritter, H. G.; Roberts, J. B.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Romero, J. L.; Roy, A.; Ruan, L.; Rusnak, J.; Rusnakova, O.; Sahoo, N. R.; Sahu, P. K.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Sandweiss, J.; Sarkar, A.; Schambach, J.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Schmah, A. M.; Schmidke, W. B.; Schmitz, N.; Seger, J.; Seyboth, P.; Shah, N.; Shahaliev, E.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Shao, M.; Sharma, M. K.; Sharma, B.; Shen, W. Q.; Shi, S. S.; Shou, Q. Y.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sikora, R.; Simko, M.; Skoby, M. J.; Smirnov, N.; Smirnov, D.; Song, L.; Sorensen, P.; Spinka, H. M.; Srivastava, B.; Stanislaus, T. D.  S.; Stepanov, M.; Stock, R.; Strikhanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Sumbera, M.; Summa, B.; Sun, Z.; Sun, X. M.; Sun, Y.; Sun, X.; Surrow, B.; Svirida, N.; Szelezniak, M. A.; Tang, Z.; Tang, A. H.; Tarnowsky, T.; Tawfik, A.; Thomas, J. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Tlusty, D.; Tokarev, M.; Trentalange, S.; Tribble, R. E.; Tribedy, P.; Tripathy, S. K.; Trzeciak, B. A.; Tsai, O. D.; Ullrich, T.; Underwood, D. G.; Upsal, I.; Van Buren, G.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Vandenbroucke, M.; Varma, R.; Vasiliev, A. N.; Vertesi, R.; Videbæk, F.; Viyogi, Y. P.; Vokal, S.; Voloshin, S. A.; Vossen, A.; Wang, G.; Wang, H.; Wang, J. S.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Wang, F.; Webb, J. C.; Webb, G.; Wen, L.; Westfall, G. D.; Wieman, H.; Wissink, S. W.; Witt, R.; Wu, Y. F.; Xiao, Z. G.; Xie, W.; Xin, K.; Xu, Y. F.; Xu, Q. H.; Xu, H.; Xu, N.; Xu, Z.; Yang, Y.; Yang, C.; Yang, S.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Q.; Ye, Z.; Yepes, P.; Yi, L.; Yip, K.; Yoo, I. -K.; Yu, N.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zha, W.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhou, L.; Zhu, X.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.; Zyzak, M.

doi:10.1038/nature15724

Title: Measurement of interaction between antiprotons

Abstract

© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. One of the primary goals of nuclear physics is to understand the force between nucleons, which is a necessary step for understanding the structure of nuclei and how nuclei interact with each other. Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus in 1911, and the large body of knowledge about the nuclear force that has since been acquired was derived from studies made on nucleons or nuclei. Although antinuclei up to antihelium-4 have been discovered and their masses measured, little is known directly about the nuclear force between antinucleons. Here, we study antiproton pair correlations among data collected by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), where gold ions are collided with a centre-of-mass energy of 200 gigaelectronvolts per nucleon pair. Antiprotons are abundantly produced in such collisions, thus making it feasible to study details of the antiproton-antiproton interaction. By applying a technique similar to Hanbury Brown and Twiss intensity interferometry, we show that the force between two antiprotons is attractive. In addition, we report two key parameters that characterize the corresponding strong interaction: the scattering length and the effective range of the interaction. Our measured parameters are consistent within errors withmore »« less

Authors:: Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Alekseev, I.; Alford, J.; Aparin, A.; Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Averichev, G. S.; Bairathi, V.; Banerjee, A.; Bellwied, R.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bhattarai, P.; Bielcik, J.; Bielcikova, J.; Bland, L. C. more »« less

Publication Date:: Wed Nov 04 00:00:00 EST 2015

Research Org.:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1340342

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1409423

Report Number(s):: BNL-111942-2016-JA
Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836; R&D Project: PO 004; KB0202012

Grant/Contract Number:: SC00112704; AC02-05CH11231

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature (London)

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Nature (London); Journal Volume: 527; Journal Issue: 7578; Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; relativistic heavy ion collider; experimental nuclear physics; particle astrophysics; theoretical physics; experimental particle physics; atomic and molecular collision processes

Citation Formats


                    Adamczyk, L., Adkins, J. K., Agakishiev, G., Aggarwal, M. M., Ahammed, Z., Alekseev, I., Alford, J., Aparin, A., Arkhipkin, D., Aschenauer, E. C., Averichev, G. S., Bairathi, V., Banerjee, A., Bellwied, R., Bhasin, A., Bhati, A. K., Bhattarai, P., Bielcik, J., Bielcikova, J., Bland, L. C., Bordyuzhin, I. G., Bouchet, J., Brandenburg, J. D., Brandin, A. V., Bunzarov, I., Butterworth, J., Caines, H., Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M., Campbell, J. M., Cebra, D., Cervantes, M. C., Chakaberia, I., Chaloupka, P., Chang, Z., Chattopadhyay, S., Chen, J. H., Chen, X., Cheng, J., Cherney, M., Christie, W., Contin, G., Crawford, H. J., Das, S., De Silva, L. C., Debbe, R. R., Dedovich, T. G., Deng, J., Derevschikov, A. A., di Ruzza, B., Didenko, L., Dilks, C., Dong, X., Drachenberg, J. L., Draper, J. E., Du, C. M., Dunkelberger, L. E., Dunlop, J. C., Efimov, L. G., Engelage, J., Eppley, G., Esha, R., Evdokimov, O., Eyser, O., Fatemi, R., Fazio, S., Federic, P., Fedorisin, J., Feng, Z., Filip, P., Fisyak, Y., Flores, C. E., Fulek, L., Gagliardi, C. A., Garand, D., Geurts, F., Gibson, A., Girard, M., Greiner, L., Grosnick, D., Gunarathne, D. S., Guo, Y., Gupta, A., Gupta, S., Guryn, W., Hamad, A., Hamed, A., Haque, R., Harris, J. W., He, L., Heppelmann, S., Heppelmann, S., Hirsch, A., Hoffmann, G. W., Hofman, D. J., Horvat, S., Huang, B., Huang, H. Z., Huang, X., Huck, P., Humanic, T. J., Igo, G., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, H., Jiang, K., Judd, E. G., Kabana, S., Kalinkin, D., Kang, K., Kauder, K., Ke, H. W., Keane, D., Kechechyan, A., Khan, Z. H., Kikoła, D. P., Kisel, I., Kisiel, A., Klein, S., Kochenda, L., Koetke, D. D., Kollegger, T., Kosarzewski, L. K., Kraishan, A. F., Kravtsov, P., Krueger, K., Kulakov, I., Kumar, L., Kycia, R. A., Lamont, M. A.  C., Landgraf, J. M., Landry, K. D., Lauret, J., Lebedev, A., Lednicky, R., Lee, J. H., Li, X., Li, Z. M., Li, Y., Li, W., Li, X., Li, C., Lisa, M. A., Liu, F., Ljubicic, T., Llope, W. J., Lomnitz, M., Longacre, R. S., Luo, X., Ma, G. L., Ma, R., Ma, Y. G., Ma, L., Magdy, N., Majka, R., Manion, A., Margetis, S., Markert, C., Masui, H., Matis, H. S., McDonald, D., Meehan, K., Minaev, N. G., Mioduszewski, S., Mishra, D., Mohanty, B., Mondal, M. M., Morozov, D. A., Mustafa, M. K., Nandi, B. K., Nasim, Md., Nayak, T. K., Nigmatkulov, G., Nogach, L. V., Noh, S. Y., Novak, J., Nurushev, S. B., Odyniec, G., Ogawa, A., Oh, K., Okorokov, V., Olvitt, D., Page, B. S., Pak, R., Pan, Y. X., Pandit, Y., Panebratsev, Y., Pawlik, B., Pei, H., Perkins, C., Peterson, A., Pile, P., Planinic, M., Pluta, J., Poljak, N., Poniatowska, K., Porter, J., Posik, M., Poskanzer, A. M., Putschke, J., Qiu, H., Quintero, A., Ramachandran, S., Raniwala, R., Raniwala, S., Ray, R. L., Ritter, H. G., Roberts, J. B., Rogachevskiy, O. V., Romero, J. L., Roy, A., Ruan, L., Rusnak, J., Rusnakova, O., Sahoo, N. R., Sahu, P. K., Sakrejda, I., Salur, S., Sandweiss, J., Sarkar, A., Schambach, J., Scharenberg, R. P., Schmah, A. M., Schmidke, W. B., Schmitz, N., Seger, J., Seyboth, P., Shah, N., Shahaliev, E., Shanmuganathan, P. V., Shao, M., Sharma, M. K., Sharma, B., Shen, W. Q., Shi, S. S., Shou, Q. Y., Sichtermann, E. P., Sikora, R., Simko, M., Skoby, M. J., Smirnov, N., Smirnov, D., Song, L., Sorensen, P., Spinka, H. M., Srivastava, B., Stanislaus, T. D.  S., Stepanov, M., Stock, R., Strikhanov, M., Stringfellow, B., Sumbera, M., Summa, B., Sun, Z., Sun, X. M., Sun, Y., Sun, X., Surrow, B., Svirida, N., Szelezniak, M. A., Tang, Z., Tang, A. H., Tarnowsky, T., Tawfik, A., Thomas, J. H., Timmins, A. R., Tlusty, D., Tokarev, M., Trentalange, S., Tribble, R. E., Tribedy, P., Tripathy, S. K., Trzeciak, B. A., Tsai, O. D., Ullrich, T., Underwood, D. G., Upsal, I., Van Buren, G., van Nieuwenhuizen, G., Vandenbroucke, M., Varma, R., Vasiliev, A. N., Vertesi, R., Videbæk, F., Viyogi, Y. P., Vokal, S., Voloshin, S. A., Vossen, A., Wang, G., Wang, H., Wang, J. S., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, F., Webb, J. C., Webb, G., Wen, L., Westfall, G. D., Wieman, H., Wissink, S. W., Witt, R., Wu, Y. F., Xiao, Z. G., Xie, W., Xin, K., Xu, Y. F., Xu, Q. H., Xu, H., Xu, N., Xu, Z., Yang, Y., Yang, C., Yang, S., Yang, Y., Yang, Q., Ye, Z., Yepes, P., Yi, L., Yip, K., Yoo, I. -K., Yu, N., Zbroszczyk, H., Zha, W., Zhang, J. B., Zhang, Z., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhang, X. P., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhong, C., Zhou, L., Zhu, X., Zoulkarneeva, Y., and Zyzak, M. Measurement of interaction between antiprotons.  United States: N. p., 2015. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/nature15724.

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                    Adamczyk, L., Adkins, J. K., Agakishiev, G., Aggarwal, M. M., Ahammed, Z., Alekseev, I., Alford, J., Aparin, A., Arkhipkin, D., Aschenauer, E. C., Averichev, G. S., Bairathi, V., Banerjee, A., Bellwied, R., Bhasin, A., Bhati, A. K., Bhattarai, P., Bielcik, J., Bielcikova, J., Bland, L. C., Bordyuzhin, I. G., Bouchet, J., Brandenburg, J. D., Brandin, A. V., Bunzarov, I., Butterworth, J., Caines, H., Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M., Campbell, J. M., Cebra, D., Cervantes, M. C., Chakaberia, I., Chaloupka, P., Chang, Z., Chattopadhyay, S., Chen, J. H., Chen, X., Cheng, J., Cherney, M., Christie, W., Contin, G., Crawford, H. J., Das, S., De Silva, L. C., Debbe, R. R., Dedovich, T. G., Deng, J., Derevschikov, A. A., di Ruzza, B., Didenko, L., Dilks, C., Dong, X., Drachenberg, J. L., Draper, J. E., Du, C. M., Dunkelberger, L. E., Dunlop, J. C., Efimov, L. G., Engelage, J., Eppley, G., Esha, R., Evdokimov, O., Eyser, O., Fatemi, R., Fazio, S., Federic, P., Fedorisin, J., Feng, Z., Filip, P., Fisyak, Y., Flores, C. E., Fulek, L., Gagliardi, C. A., Garand, D., Geurts, F., Gibson, A., Girard, M., Greiner, L., Grosnick, D., Gunarathne, D. S., Guo, Y., Gupta, A., Gupta, S., Guryn, W., Hamad, A., Hamed, A., Haque, R., Harris, J. W., He, L., Heppelmann, S., Heppelmann, S., Hirsch, A., Hoffmann, G. W., Hofman, D. J., Horvat, S., Huang, B., Huang, H. Z., Huang, X., Huck, P., Humanic, T. J., Igo, G., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, H., Jiang, K., Judd, E. G., Kabana, S., Kalinkin, D., Kang, K., Kauder, K., Ke, H. W., Keane, D., Kechechyan, A., Khan, Z. H., Kikoła, D. P., Kisel, I., Kisiel, A., Klein, S., Kochenda, L., Koetke, D. D., Kollegger, T., Kosarzewski, L. K., Kraishan, A. F., Kravtsov, P., Krueger, K., Kulakov, I., Kumar, L., Kycia, R. A., Lamont, M. A.  C., Landgraf, J. M., Landry, K. D., Lauret, J., Lebedev, A., Lednicky, R., Lee, J. H., Li, X., Li, Z. M., Li, Y., Li, W., Li, X., Li, C., Lisa, M. A., Liu, F., Ljubicic, T., Llope, W. J., Lomnitz, M., Longacre, R. S., Luo, X., Ma, G. L., Ma, R., Ma, Y. G., Ma, L., Magdy, N., Majka, R., Manion, A., Margetis, S., Markert, C., Masui, H., Matis, H. S., McDonald, D., Meehan, K., Minaev, N. G., Mioduszewski, S., Mishra, D., Mohanty, B., Mondal, M. M., Morozov, D. A., Mustafa, M. K., Nandi, B. K., Nasim, Md., Nayak, T. K., Nigmatkulov, G., Nogach, L. V., Noh, S. Y., Novak, J., Nurushev, S. B., Odyniec, G., Ogawa, A., Oh, K., Okorokov, V., Olvitt, D., Page, B. S., Pak, R., Pan, Y. X., Pandit, Y., Panebratsev, Y., Pawlik, B., Pei, H., Perkins, C., Peterson, A., Pile, P., Planinic, M., Pluta, J., Poljak, N., Poniatowska, K., Porter, J., Posik, M., Poskanzer, A. M., Putschke, J., Qiu, H., Quintero, A., Ramachandran, S., Raniwala, R., Raniwala, S., Ray, R. L., Ritter, H. G., Roberts, J. B., Rogachevskiy, O. V., Romero, J. L., Roy, A., Ruan, L., Rusnak, J., Rusnakova, O., Sahoo, N. R., Sahu, P. K., Sakrejda, I., Salur, S., Sandweiss, J., Sarkar, A., Schambach, J., Scharenberg, R. P., Schmah, A. M., Schmidke, W. B., Schmitz, N., Seger, J., Seyboth, P., Shah, N., Shahaliev, E., Shanmuganathan, P. V., Shao, M., Sharma, M. K., Sharma, B., Shen, W. Q., Shi, S. S., Shou, Q. Y., Sichtermann, E. P., Sikora, R., Simko, M., Skoby, M. J., Smirnov, N., Smirnov, D., Song, L., Sorensen, P., Spinka, H. M., Srivastava, B., Stanislaus, T. D.  S., Stepanov, M., Stock, R., Strikhanov, M., Stringfellow, B., Sumbera, M., Summa, B., Sun, Z., Sun, X. M., Sun, Y., Sun, X., Surrow, B., Svirida, N., Szelezniak, M. A., Tang, Z., Tang, A. H., Tarnowsky, T., Tawfik, A., Thomas, J. H., Timmins, A. R., Tlusty, D., Tokarev, M., Trentalange, S., Tribble, R. E., Tribedy, P., Tripathy, S. K., Trzeciak, B. A., Tsai, O. D., Ullrich, T., Underwood, D. G., Upsal, I., Van Buren, G., van Nieuwenhuizen, G., Vandenbroucke, M., Varma, R., Vasiliev, A. N., Vertesi, R., Videbæk, F., Viyogi, Y. P., Vokal, S., Voloshin, S. A., Vossen, A., Wang, G., Wang, H., Wang, J. S., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, F., Webb, J. C., Webb, G., Wen, L., Westfall, G. D., Wieman, H., Wissink, S. W., Witt, R., Wu, Y. F., Xiao, Z. G., Xie, W., Xin, K., Xu, Y. F., Xu, Q. H., Xu, H., Xu, N., Xu, Z., Yang, Y., Yang, C., Yang, S., Yang, Y., Yang, Q., Ye, Z., Yepes, P., Yi, L., Yip, K., Yoo, I. -K., Yu, N., Zbroszczyk, H., Zha, W., Zhang, J. B., Zhang, Z., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhang, X. P., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhong, C., Zhou, L., Zhu, X., Zoulkarneeva, Y., & Zyzak, M. Measurement of interaction between antiprotons.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15724

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                    Adamczyk, L., Adkins, J. K., Agakishiev, G., Aggarwal, M. M., Ahammed, Z., Alekseev, I., Alford, J., Aparin, A., Arkhipkin, D., Aschenauer, E. C., Averichev, G. S., Bairathi, V., Banerjee, A., Bellwied, R., Bhasin, A., Bhati, A. K., Bhattarai, P., Bielcik, J., Bielcikova, J., Bland, L. C., Bordyuzhin, I. G., Bouchet, J., Brandenburg, J. D., Brandin, A. V., Bunzarov, I., Butterworth, J., Caines, H., Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M., Campbell, J. M., Cebra, D., Cervantes, M. C., Chakaberia, I., Chaloupka, P., Chang, Z., Chattopadhyay, S., Chen, J. H., Chen, X., Cheng, J., Cherney, M., Christie, W., Contin, G., Crawford, H. J., Das, S., De Silva, L. C., Debbe, R. R., Dedovich, T. G., Deng, J., Derevschikov, A. A., di Ruzza, B., Didenko, L., Dilks, C., Dong, X., Drachenberg, J. L., Draper, J. E., Du, C. M., Dunkelberger, L. E., Dunlop, J. C., Efimov, L. G., Engelage, J., Eppley, G., Esha, R., Evdokimov, O., Eyser, O., Fatemi, R., Fazio, S., Federic, P., Fedorisin, J., Feng, Z., Filip, P., Fisyak, Y., Flores, C. E., Fulek, L., Gagliardi, C. A., Garand, D., Geurts, F., Gibson, A., Girard, M., Greiner, L., Grosnick, D., Gunarathne, D. S., Guo, Y., Gupta, A., Gupta, S., Guryn, W., Hamad, A., Hamed, A., Haque, R., Harris, J. W., He, L., Heppelmann, S., Heppelmann, S., Hirsch, A., Hoffmann, G. W., Hofman, D. J., Horvat, S., Huang, B., Huang, H. Z., Huang, X., Huck, P., Humanic, T. J., Igo, G., Jacobs, W. W., Jang, H., Jiang, K., Judd, E. G., Kabana, S., Kalinkin, D., Kang, K., Kauder, K., Ke, H. W., Keane, D., Kechechyan, A., Khan, Z. H., Kikoła, D. P., Kisel, I., Kisiel, A., Klein, S., Kochenda, L., Koetke, D. D., Kollegger, T., Kosarzewski, L. K., Kraishan, A. F., Kravtsov, P., Krueger, K., Kulakov, I., Kumar, L., Kycia, R. A., Lamont, M. A.  C., Landgraf, J. M., Landry, K. D., Lauret, J., Lebedev, A., Lednicky, R., Lee, J. H., Li, X., Li, Z. M., Li, Y., Li, W., Li, X., Li, C., Lisa, M. A., Liu, F., Ljubicic, T., Llope, W. J., Lomnitz, M., Longacre, R. S., Luo, X., Ma, G. L., Ma, R., Ma, Y. G., Ma, L., Magdy, N., Majka, R., Manion, A., Margetis, S., Markert, C., Masui, H., Matis, H. S., McDonald, D., Meehan, K., Minaev, N. G., Mioduszewski, S., Mishra, D., Mohanty, B., Mondal, M. M., Morozov, D. A., Mustafa, M. K., Nandi, B. K., Nasim, Md., Nayak, T. K., Nigmatkulov, G., Nogach, L. V., Noh, S. Y., Novak, J., Nurushev, S. B., Odyniec, G., Ogawa, A., Oh, K., Okorokov, V., Olvitt, D., Page, B. S., Pak, R., Pan, Y. X., Pandit, Y., Panebratsev, Y., Pawlik, B., Pei, H., Perkins, C., Peterson, A., Pile, P., Planinic, M., Pluta, J., Poljak, N., Poniatowska, K., Porter, J., Posik, M., Poskanzer, A. M., Putschke, J., Qiu, H., Quintero, A., Ramachandran, S., Raniwala, R., Raniwala, S., Ray, R. L., Ritter, H. G., Roberts, J. B., Rogachevskiy, O. V., Romero, J. L., Roy, A., Ruan, L., Rusnak, J., Rusnakova, O., Sahoo, N. R., Sahu, P. K., Sakrejda, I., Salur, S., Sandweiss, J., Sarkar, A., Schambach, J., Scharenberg, R. P., Schmah, A. M., Schmidke, W. B., Schmitz, N., Seger, J., Seyboth, P., Shah, N., Shahaliev, E., Shanmuganathan, P. V., Shao, M., Sharma, M. K., Sharma, B., Shen, W. Q., Shi, S. S., Shou, Q. Y., Sichtermann, E. P., Sikora, R., Simko, M., Skoby, M. J., Smirnov, N., Smirnov, D., Song, L., Sorensen, P., Spinka, H. M., Srivastava, B., Stanislaus, T. D.  S., Stepanov, M., Stock, R., Strikhanov, M., Stringfellow, B., Sumbera, M., Summa, B., Sun, Z., Sun, X. M., Sun, Y., Sun, X., Surrow, B., Svirida, N., Szelezniak, M. A., Tang, Z., Tang, A. H., Tarnowsky, T., Tawfik, A., Thomas, J. H., Timmins, A. R., Tlusty, D., Tokarev, M., Trentalange, S., Tribble, R. E., Tribedy, P., Tripathy, S. K., Trzeciak, B. A., Tsai, O. D., Ullrich, T., Underwood, D. G., Upsal, I., Van Buren, G., van Nieuwenhuizen, G., Vandenbroucke, M., Varma, R., Vasiliev, A. N., Vertesi, R., Videbæk, F., Viyogi, Y. P., Vokal, S., Voloshin, S. A., Vossen, A., Wang, G., Wang, H., Wang, J. S., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, F., Webb, J. C., Webb, G., Wen, L., Westfall, G. D., Wieman, H., Wissink, S. W., Witt, R., Wu, Y. F., Xiao, Z. G., Xie, W., Xin, K., Xu, Y. F., Xu, Q. H., Xu, H., Xu, N., Xu, Z., Yang, Y., Yang, C., Yang, S., Yang, Y., Yang, Q., Ye, Z., Yepes, P., Yi, L., Yip, K., Yoo, I. -K., Yu, N., Zbroszczyk, H., Zha, W., Zhang, J. B., Zhang, Z., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhang, X. P., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhong, C., Zhou, L., Zhu, X., Zoulkarneeva, Y., and Zyzak, M. Wed .  
"Measurement of interaction between antiprotons".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15724.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1340342.

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@article{osti_1340342,

  title        = {Measurement of interaction between antiprotons},

  author       = {Adamczyk, L. and Adkins, J. K. and Agakishiev, G. and Aggarwal, M. M. and Ahammed, Z. and Alekseev, I. and Alford, J. and Aparin, A. and Arkhipkin, D. and Aschenauer, E. C. and Averichev, G. S. and Bairathi, V. and Banerjee, A. and Bellwied, R. and Bhasin, A. and Bhati, A. K. and Bhattarai, P. and Bielcik, J. and Bielcikova, J. and Bland, L. C. and Bordyuzhin, I. G. and Bouchet, J. and Brandenburg, J. D. and Brandin, A. V. and Bunzarov, I. and Butterworth, J. and Caines, H. and Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M. and Campbell, J. M. and Cebra, D. and Cervantes, M. C. and Chakaberia, I. and Chaloupka, P. and Chang, Z. and Chattopadhyay, S. and Chen, J. H. and Chen, X. and Cheng, J. and Cherney, M. and Christie, W. and Contin, G. and Crawford, H. J. and Das, S. and De Silva, L. C. and Debbe, R. R. and Dedovich, T. G. and Deng, J. and Derevschikov, A. A. and di Ruzza, B. and Didenko, L. and Dilks, C. and Dong, X. and Drachenberg, J. L. and Draper, J. E. and Du, C. M. and Dunkelberger, L. E. and Dunlop, J. C. and Efimov, L. G. and Engelage, J. and Eppley, G. and Esha, R. and Evdokimov, O. and Eyser, O. and Fatemi, R. and Fazio, S. and Federic, P. and Fedorisin, J. and Feng, Z. and Filip, P. and Fisyak, Y. and Flores, C. E. and Fulek, L. and Gagliardi, C. A. and Garand, D. and Geurts, F. and Gibson, A. and Girard, M. and Greiner, L. and Grosnick, D. and Gunarathne, D. S. and Guo, Y. and Gupta, A. and Gupta, S. and Guryn, W. and Hamad, A. and Hamed, A. and Haque, R. and Harris, J. W. and He, L. and Heppelmann, S. and Heppelmann, S. and Hirsch, A. and Hoffmann, G. W. and Hofman, D. J. and Horvat, S. and Huang, B. and Huang, H. Z. and Huang, X. and Huck, P. and Humanic, T. J. and Igo, G. and Jacobs, W. W. and Jang, H. and Jiang, K. and Judd, E. G. and Kabana, S. and Kalinkin, D. and Kang, K. and Kauder, K. and Ke, H. W. and Keane, D. and Kechechyan, A. and Khan, Z. H. and Kikoła, D. P. and Kisel, I. and Kisiel, A. and Klein, S. and Kochenda, L. and Koetke, D. D. and Kollegger, T. and Kosarzewski, L. K. and Kraishan, A. F. and Kravtsov, P. and Krueger, K. and Kulakov, I. and Kumar, L. and Kycia, R. A. and Lamont, M. A.  C. and Landgraf, J. M. and Landry, K. D. and Lauret, J. and Lebedev, A. and Lednicky, R. and Lee, J. H. and Li, X. and Li, Z. M. and Li, Y. and Li, W. and Li, X. and Li, C. and Lisa, M. A. and Liu, F. and Ljubicic, T. and Llope, W. J. and Lomnitz, M. and Longacre, R. S. and Luo, X. and Ma, G. L. and Ma, R. and Ma, Y. G. and Ma, L. and Magdy, N. and Majka, R. and Manion, A. and Margetis, S. and Markert, C. and Masui, H. and Matis, H. S. and McDonald, D. and Meehan, K. and Minaev, N. G. and Mioduszewski, S. and Mishra, D. and Mohanty, B. and Mondal, M. M. and Morozov, D. A. and Mustafa, M. K. and Nandi, B. K. and Nasim, Md. and Nayak, T. K. and Nigmatkulov, G. and Nogach, L. V. and Noh, S. Y. and Novak, J. and Nurushev, S. B. and Odyniec, G. and Ogawa, A. and Oh, K. and Okorokov, V. and Olvitt, D. and Page, B. S. and Pak, R. and Pan, Y. X. and Pandit, Y. and Panebratsev, Y. and Pawlik, B. and Pei, H. and Perkins, C. and Peterson, A. and Pile, P. and Planinic, M. and Pluta, J. and Poljak, N. and Poniatowska, K. and Porter, J. and Posik, M. and Poskanzer, A. M. and Putschke, J. and Qiu, H. and Quintero, A. and Ramachandran, S. and Raniwala, R. and Raniwala, S. and Ray, R. L. and Ritter, H. G. and Roberts, J. B. and Rogachevskiy, O. V. and Romero, J. L. and Roy, A. and Ruan, L. and Rusnak, J. and Rusnakova, O. and Sahoo, N. R. and Sahu, P. K. and Sakrejda, I. and Salur, S. and Sandweiss, J. and Sarkar, A. and Schambach, J. and Scharenberg, R. P. and Schmah, A. M. and Schmidke, W. B. and Schmitz, N. and Seger, J. and Seyboth, P. and Shah, N. and Shahaliev, E. and Shanmuganathan, P. V. and Shao, M. and Sharma, M. K. and Sharma, B. and Shen, W. Q. and Shi, S. S. and Shou, Q. Y. and Sichtermann, E. P. and Sikora, R. and Simko, M. and Skoby, M. J. and Smirnov, N. and Smirnov, D. and Song, L. and Sorensen, P. and Spinka, H. M. and Srivastava, B. and Stanislaus, T. D.  S. and Stepanov, M. and Stock, R. and Strikhanov, M. and Stringfellow, B. and Sumbera, M. and Summa, B. and Sun, Z. and Sun, X. M. and Sun, Y. and Sun, X. and Surrow, B. and Svirida, N. and Szelezniak, M. A. and Tang, Z. and Tang, A. H. and Tarnowsky, T. and Tawfik, A. and Thomas, J. H. and Timmins, A. R. and Tlusty, D. and Tokarev, M. and Trentalange, S. and Tribble, R. E. and Tribedy, P. and Tripathy, S. K. and Trzeciak, B. A. and Tsai, O. D. and Ullrich, T. and Underwood, D. G. and Upsal, I. and Van Buren, G. and van Nieuwenhuizen, G. and Vandenbroucke, M. and Varma, R. and Vasiliev, A. N. and Vertesi, R. and Videbæk, F. and Viyogi, Y. P. and Vokal, S. and Voloshin, S. A. and Vossen, A. and Wang, G. and Wang, H. and Wang, J. S. and Wang, Y. and Wang, Y. and Wang, F. and Webb, J. C. and Webb, G. and Wen, L. and Westfall, G. D. and Wieman, H. and Wissink, S. W. and Witt, R. and Wu, Y. F. and Xiao, Z. G. and Xie, W. and Xin, K. and Xu, Y. F. and Xu, Q. H. and Xu, H. and Xu, N. and Xu, Z. and Yang, Y. and Yang, C. and Yang, S. and Yang, Y. and Yang, Q. and Ye, Z. and Yepes, P. and Yi, L. and Yip, K. and Yoo, I. -K. and Yu, N. and Zbroszczyk, H. and Zha, W. and Zhang, J. B. and Zhang, Z. and Zhang, J. and Zhang, S. and Zhang, X. P. and Zhang, J. and Zhang, Y. and Zhao, J. and Zhong, C. and Zhou, L. and Zhu, X. and Zoulkarneeva, Y. and Zyzak, M.},

  abstractNote = {© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. One of the primary goals of nuclear physics is to understand the force between nucleons, which is a necessary step for understanding the structure of nuclei and how nuclei interact with each other. Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus in 1911, and the large body of knowledge about the nuclear force that has since been acquired was derived from studies made on nucleons or nuclei. Although antinuclei up to antihelium-4 have been discovered and their masses measured, little is known directly about the nuclear force between antinucleons. Here, we study antiproton pair correlations among data collected by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), where gold ions are collided with a centre-of-mass energy of 200 gigaelectronvolts per nucleon pair. Antiprotons are abundantly produced in such collisions, thus making it feasible to study details of the antiproton-antiproton interaction. By applying a technique similar to Hanbury Brown and Twiss intensity interferometry, we show that the force between two antiprotons is attractive. In addition, we report two key parameters that characterize the corresponding strong interaction: the scattering length and the effective range of the interaction. Our measured parameters are consistent within errors with the corresponding values for proton-proton interactions. Our results provide direct information on the interaction between two antiprotons, one of the simplest systems of antinucleons, and so are fundamental to understanding the structure of more-complex antinuclei and the ir properties.},

  doi          = {10.1038/nature15724},

  journal      = {Nature (London)},

  number       = 7578,

  volume       = 527,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Nov 04 00:00:00 EST 2015},

  month        = {Wed Nov 04 00:00:00 EST 2015}

}

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