Swift and NuSTAR observations of GW170817: Detection of a blue kilonova

doi:10.1126/science.aap9580

Title: Swift and NuSTAR observations of GW170817: Detection of a blue kilonova

Abstract

With the first direct detection of merging black holes in 2015, the era of gravitational wave (GW) astrophysics began. However, a complete picture of compact object mergers requires the detection of an electromagnetic (EM) counterpart. Here, we report ultraviolet (UV) and x-ray observations by Swift and the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray (NuSTAR) of the EM counterpart of the binary neutron star merger GW 170817. The bright, rapidly fading ultraviolet emission indicates a high mass (≈ 0.03 solar masses) wind-driven outflow with moderate electron fraction (Ye ≈ 0.27). Combined with the x-ray limits, we favor an observer viewing angle of ≈30° away from the orbital rotation axis, which avoids both obscuration from the heaviest elements in the orbital plane and a direct view of any ultra-relativistic, highly collimated ejecta (a γ-ray burst afterglow).

Authors:

Evans, P. A. ^[1]; Cenko, S. B. ^[2]; Kennea, J. A. ^[3]; Emery, S. W. K. ^[4]; Kuin, N. P. M. ^[4]; Korobkin, O. ^[5]; Wollaeger, R. T. ^[5]; Fryer, C. L. ^[5]; Madsen, K. K. ^[6]; Harrison, F. A. ^[6]; Xu, Y. ^[6]; Nakar, E. ^[7]; Hotokezaka, K. ^[8]; Lien, A. ^[9]; Campana, S. ^[10]; Oates, S. R. ^[11]; Troja, E. ^[2]; Breeveld, A. A. ^[4]; Marshall, F. E. ^[12]; Barthelmy, S. D. ^[12] more »

Univ. of Leicester (United Kingdom)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
Univ. College London, Dorking (United Kingdom)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
Tel Aviv Univ., Ramat Aviv (Israel)
Simons Foundation, New York, NY (United States)
Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
National Inst. for Astrophysics (INAF), Roma (Italy)
Univ. of Warwick, Coventry (United Kingdom)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
National Inst. for Astrophysics (INAF), Palermo (Italy)
National Inst. for Astrophysics (INAF), Catone (Italy); Space Science Data Center (SSDC), Rome (Italy)
Univ. of Istanbul (Turkey)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Southern Utah Univ., Cedar City, UT (United States)
Space Science Data Center (SSDC), Rome (Italy)
Clemson Univ., SC (United States)
Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD (United States); National Science Foundation (NSF), Alexandria, VA (United States)
Univ. of Warick, Coventry (United Kingdom)
Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark). The Niels Bohr Inst.
Stockholm Univ. (Sweden)
Aoyama Gakuin Univ., Kanagawa (Japan)

Publication Date:: 2017-10-16

Research Org.:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1407906

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-17-28358
Journal ID: ISSN 0036-8075

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Science

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 358; Journal Issue: 6370; Journal ID: ISSN 0036-8075

Publisher:: AAAS

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; Swift; X-ray; kilonova; ultraviolet

Citation Formats


                    Evans, P. A., Cenko, S. B., Kennea, J. A., Emery, S. W.  K., Kuin, N. P.  M., Korobkin, O., Wollaeger, R. T., Fryer, C. L., Madsen, K. K., Harrison, F. A., Xu, Y., Nakar, E., Hotokezaka, K., Lien, A., Campana, S., Oates, S. R., Troja, E., Breeveld, A. A., Marshall, F. E., Barthelmy, S. D., Beardmore, A. P., Burrows, D. N., Cusumano, G., D’Aì, A., D’Avanzo, P., D’Elia, V., de Pasquale, M., Even, W. P., Fontes, C. J., Forster, K., Garcia, J., Giommi, P., Grefenstette, B., Gronwall, C., Hartmann, D. H., Heida, M., Hungerford, A. L., Kasliwal, M. M., Krimm, H. A., Levan, A. J., Malesani, D., Melandri, A., Miyasaka, H., Nousek, J. A., O’Brien, P. T., Osborne, J. P., Pagani, C., Page, K. L., Palmer, D. M., Perri, M., Pike, S., Racusin, J. L., Rosswog, S., Siegel, M. H., Sakamoto, T., Sbarufatti, B., Tagliaferri, G., Tanvir, N. R., and Tohuvavohu, A. Swift and NuSTAR observations of GW170817: Detection of a blue kilonova.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
        Web.  doi:10.1126/science.aap9580.

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                    Evans, P. A., Cenko, S. B., Kennea, J. A., Emery, S. W.  K., Kuin, N. P.  M., Korobkin, O., Wollaeger, R. T., Fryer, C. L., Madsen, K. K., Harrison, F. A., Xu, Y., Nakar, E., Hotokezaka, K., Lien, A., Campana, S., Oates, S. R., Troja, E., Breeveld, A. A., Marshall, F. E., Barthelmy, S. D., Beardmore, A. P., Burrows, D. N., Cusumano, G., D’Aì, A., D’Avanzo, P., D’Elia, V., de Pasquale, M., Even, W. P., Fontes, C. J., Forster, K., Garcia, J., Giommi, P., Grefenstette, B., Gronwall, C., Hartmann, D. H., Heida, M., Hungerford, A. L., Kasliwal, M. M., Krimm, H. A., Levan, A. J., Malesani, D., Melandri, A., Miyasaka, H., Nousek, J. A., O’Brien, P. T., Osborne, J. P., Pagani, C., Page, K. L., Palmer, D. M., Perri, M., Pike, S., Racusin, J. L., Rosswog, S., Siegel, M. H., Sakamoto, T., Sbarufatti, B., Tagliaferri, G., Tanvir, N. R., & Tohuvavohu, A. Swift and NuSTAR observations of GW170817: Detection of a blue kilonova.  United States.  doi:10.1126/science.aap9580.

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                    Evans, P. A., Cenko, S. B., Kennea, J. A., Emery, S. W.  K., Kuin, N. P.  M., Korobkin, O., Wollaeger, R. T., Fryer, C. L., Madsen, K. K., Harrison, F. A., Xu, Y., Nakar, E., Hotokezaka, K., Lien, A., Campana, S., Oates, S. R., Troja, E., Breeveld, A. A., Marshall, F. E., Barthelmy, S. D., Beardmore, A. P., Burrows, D. N., Cusumano, G., D’Aì, A., D’Avanzo, P., D’Elia, V., de Pasquale, M., Even, W. P., Fontes, C. J., Forster, K., Garcia, J., Giommi, P., Grefenstette, B., Gronwall, C., Hartmann, D. H., Heida, M., Hungerford, A. L., Kasliwal, M. M., Krimm, H. A., Levan, A. J., Malesani, D., Melandri, A., Miyasaka, H., Nousek, J. A., O’Brien, P. T., Osborne, J. P., Pagani, C., Page, K. L., Palmer, D. M., Perri, M., Pike, S., Racusin, J. L., Rosswog, S., Siegel, M. H., Sakamoto, T., Sbarufatti, B., Tagliaferri, G., Tanvir, N. R., and Tohuvavohu, A. Mon .  
        "Swift and NuSTAR observations of GW170817: Detection of a blue kilonova".  United States.  doi:10.1126/science.aap9580.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1407906.

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@article{osti_1407906,

  title        = {Swift and NuSTAR observations of GW170817: Detection of a blue kilonova},

  author       = {Evans, P. A. and Cenko, S. B. and Kennea, J. A. and Emery, S. W.  K. and Kuin, N. P.  M. and Korobkin, O. and Wollaeger, R. T. and Fryer, C. L. and Madsen, K. K. and Harrison, F. A. and Xu, Y. and Nakar, E. and Hotokezaka, K. and Lien, A. and Campana, S. and Oates, S. R. and Troja, E. and Breeveld, A. A. and Marshall, F. E. and Barthelmy, S. D. and Beardmore, A. P. and Burrows, D. N. and Cusumano, G. and D’Aì, A. and D’Avanzo, P. and D’Elia, V. and de Pasquale, M. and Even, W. P. and Fontes, C. J. and Forster, K. and Garcia, J. and Giommi, P. and Grefenstette, B. and Gronwall, C. and Hartmann, D. H. and Heida, M. and Hungerford, A. L. and Kasliwal, M. M. and Krimm, H. A. and Levan, A. J. and Malesani, D. and Melandri, A. and Miyasaka, H. and Nousek, J. A. and O’Brien, P. T. and Osborne, J. P. and Pagani, C. and Page, K. L. and Palmer, D. M. and Perri, M. and Pike, S. and Racusin, J. L. and Rosswog, S. and Siegel, M. H. and Sakamoto, T. and Sbarufatti, B. and Tagliaferri, G. and Tanvir, N. R. and Tohuvavohu, A.},

  abstractNote = {With the first direct detection of merging black holes in 2015, the era of gravitational wave (GW) astrophysics began. However, a complete picture of compact object mergers requires the detection of an electromagnetic (EM) counterpart. Here, we report ultraviolet (UV) and x-ray observations by Swift and the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray (NuSTAR) of the EM counterpart of the binary neutron star merger GW 170817. The bright, rapidly fading ultraviolet emission indicates a high mass (≈ 0.03 solar masses) wind-driven outflow with moderate electron fraction (Ye ≈ 0.27). Combined with the x-ray limits, we favor an observer viewing angle of ≈30° away from the orbital rotation axis, which avoids both obscuration from the heaviest elements in the orbital plane and a direct view of any ultra-relativistic, highly collimated ejecta (a γ-ray burst afterglow).},

  doi          = {10.1126/science.aap9580},

  journal      = {Science},

  number       = 6370,

  volume       = 358,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2017},

  month        = {10}

}

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Works referencing / citing this record:

The optical afterglow of the short gamma-ray burst associated with GW170817
journal, July 2018

Lyman, J. D.; Lamb, G. P.; Levan, A. J.
Nature Astronomy, Vol. 2, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1038/s41550-018-0511-3

Observable features of GW170817 kilonova afterglow
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Kathirgamaraju, Adithan; Giannios, Dimitrios; Beniamini, Paz
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DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz1564

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Matteucci, Francesca; Romano, Donatella; Cescutti, Gabriele
Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali, Vol. 30, Issue S1
DOI: 10.1007/s12210-018-0754-z

Long-lived remnants from binary neutron star mergers
journal, September 2018

Radice, David; Perego, Albino; Bernuzzi, Sebastiano
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 481, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty2531

Binary Neutron Star (BNS) Merger: What We Learned from Relativistic Ejecta of GW/GRB 170817A
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The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab271c

GROWTH on S190425z: Searching Thousands of Square Degrees to Identify an Optical or Infrared Counterpart to a Binary Neutron Star Merger with the Zwicky Transient Facility and Palomar Gattini-IR
journal, October 2019

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DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab4ad8

Binary neutron stars and production of heavy elements
journal, January 2019

Matteucci, Francesca; Romano, Donatella; Cescutti, Gabriele
Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali, Vol. 30, Issue S1
DOI: 10.1007/s12210-018-0754-z

The optical afterglow of the short gamma-ray burst associated with GW170817
journal, July 2018

Lyman, J. D.; Lamb, G. P.; Levan, A. J.
Nature Astronomy, Vol. 2, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1038/s41550-018-0511-3

Long-lived remnants from binary neutron star mergers
journal, September 2018

Radice, David; Perego, Albino; Bernuzzi, Sebastiano
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 481, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty2531

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DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz1564

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journal, November 2019

Siegel, Daniel M.
The European Physical Journal A, Vol. 55, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1140/epja/i2019-12888-9

Binary Neutron Star (BNS) Merger: What We Learned from Relativistic Ejecta of GW/GRB 170817A
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GROWTH on S190425z: Searching Thousands of Square Degrees to Identify an Optical or Infrared Counterpart to a Binary Neutron Star Merger with the Zwicky Transient Facility and Palomar Gattini-IR
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Coughlin, Michael W.; Ahumada, Tomás; Anand, Shreya
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Title: Swift and NuSTAR observations of GW170817: Detection of a blue kilonova

Abstract

Citation Formats

Kilonovae journal, May 2017

Relativistic fireballs and their impact on external matter - Models for cosmological gamma-ray bursts journal, March 1993

The dynamic ejecta of compact object mergers and eccentric collisions journal, June 2013

The Swift X-Ray Telescope journal, October 2005

The Swift Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope journal, October 2005

Astrophysical Reaction Rates From Statistical Model Calculations journal, May 2000

Relativistic opacities for astrophysical applications journal, September 2015

Neutrino-Driven Winds in the Aftermath of a Neutron star Merger: Nucleosynthesis and Electromagnetic Transients journal, October 2015

OPACITIES AND SPECTRA OF THE r -PROCESS EJECTA FROM NEUTRON STAR MERGERS journal, August 2013

Light Curves and Spectra from a Thermonuclear Explosion of a White Dwarf Merger journal, August 2016

THE THIRD SWIFT BURST ALERT TELESCOPE GAMMA-RAY BURST CATALOG journal, September 2016

A Deep Chandra X-Ray Study of Neutron Star Coalescence GW170817 journal, October 2017

Methods and results of an automatic analysis of a complete sample of Swift -XRT observations of GRBs journal, August 2009

Broad-band modelling of short gamma-ray bursts with energy injection from magnetar spin-down and its implications for radio detectability journal, February 2015

Outflows from accretion discs formed in neutron star mergers: effect of black hole spin journal, November 2014

THE SPECTRAL SN-GRB CONNECTION: SYSTEMATIC SPECTRAL COMPARISONS BETWEEN TYPE Ic SUPERNOVAE AND BROAD-LINED TYPE Ic SUPERNOVAE WITH AND WITHOUT GAMMA-RAY BURSTS journal, November 2016

AN r -PROCESS KILONOVA ASSOCIATED WITH THE SHORT-HARD GRB 130603B journal, August 2013

Spectra and Light Curves of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows journal, April 1998

Nuclear Ground-State Masses and Deformations journal, March 1995

OPTICAL CLASSIFICATION OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE SWIFT ERA journal, June 2009

Neutron-rich freeze-out in viscously spreading accretion discs formed from compact object mergers journal, June 2009

Electromagnetic Emission from Long-Lived Binary Neutron star Merger Remnants. ii. Light Curves and Spectra journal, February 2016

X-Ray Counterpart of Gravitational Waves due to Binary Neutron star Mergers: Light Curves, Luminosity Function, and Event rate Density journal, January 2017

Nucleosynthesis, neutrino bursts and γ-rays from coalescing neutron stars journal, July 1989

The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. V. Rising X-Ray Emission from an Off-axis Jet journal, October 2017

On the astrophysical robustness of the neutron star merger r-process: Robust r-process in neutron star mergers journal, October 2012

A radio counterpart to a neutron star merger journal, October 2017

Swope Supernova Survey 2017a (SSS17a), the optical counterpart to a gravitational wave source journal, October 2017

Final Results from the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project to Measure the Hubble Constant journal, May 2001

Detectability of compact binary merger macronovae journal, April 2017

Swift follow-up of gravitational wave triggers: results from the first aLIGO run and optimization for the future journal, August 2016

Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A journal, October 2017

Illuminating gravitational waves: A concordant picture of photons from a neutron star merger journal, October 2017

Synthesis of the Elements in Stars journal, October 1957

A kilonova as the electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave source journal, October 2017

Neutrino-driven winds from neutron star merger remnants journal, August 2014

Can magnetar spin-down power extended emission in some short GRBs? journal, March 2013

Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow Broadband Fitting Based Directly on Hydrodynamics Simulations journal, March 2012

GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral journal, October 2017

Signatures of magnetar central engines in short GRB light curves journal, January 2013

1SXPS: A DEEP SWIFT X-RAY TELESCOPE POINT SOURCE CATALOG WITH LIGHT CURVES AND SPECTRA journal, December 2013

Short grb 130603b: Discovery of a jet Break in the Optical and Radio Afterglows, and a Mysterious Late-Time X-Ray Excess journal, December 2013

The Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on the SWIFT Midex Mission journal, October 2005

Optimization of the Swift X-ray follow-up of Advanced LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave triggers in 2015–16 journal, November 2015

Radioactive decay products in neutron star merger ejecta: heating efficiency and γ-ray emission journal, March 2016

Photometric calibration of the Swift ultraviolet/optical telescope: Photometric calibration of the Swift UVOT journal, December 2007

The Shape of Spectral Breaks in Gamma‐Ray Burst Afterglows journal, April 2002

Binary Black Hole Mergers in the First Advanced LIGO Observing Run journal, October 2016

Radiation Transport for Explosive Outflows: a Multigroup Hybrid Monte Carlo Method journal, November 2013

A Decade of Short-Duration Gamma-Ray Burst Broadband Afterglows: Energetics, Circumburst Densities, and jet Opening Angles journal, December 2015

Transient Events from Neutron Star Mergers journal, November 1998

Effect of a high Opacity on the Light Curves of Radioactively Powered Transients from Compact Object Mergers journal, August 2013

An Ordinary Short Gamma-Ray Burst with Extraordinary Implications: Fermi -GBM Detection of GRB 170817A journal, October 2017

The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. VI. Radio Constraints on a Relativistic Jet and Predictions for Late-time Emission from the Kilonova Ejecta journal, October 2017

THE NUCLEAR SPECTROSCOPIC TELESCOPE ARRAY ( NuSTAR ) HIGH-ENERGY X-RAY MISSION journal, May 2013

Calculations of fission rates for r-process nucleosynthesis journal, January 2005

The Swift Gamma‐Ray Burst Mission journal, August 2004

A Comprehensive Study of Detectability and Contamination in deep Rapid Optical Searches for Gravitational wave Counterparts journal, November 2015

Radioactivity and Thermalization in the Ejecta of Compact Object Mergers and Their Impact on Kilonova Light Curves journal, September 2016

A complete sample of bright Swift short gamma-ray bursts journal, June 2014

The Dynamics and Light Curves of Beamed Gamma‐Ray Burst Afterglows journal, November 1999

A ‘kilonova’ associated with the short-duration γ-ray burst GRB 130603B journal, August 2013

NuSTAR OBSERVATIONS OF THE BULLET CLUSTER: CONSTRAINTS ON INVERSE COMPTON EMISSION journal, August 2014

Comprehensive nucleosynthesis analysis for ejecta of compact binary mergers journal, February 2015

Measuring Reddening with Sloan Digital sky Survey Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating sfd journal, August 2011

Neutron-induced astrophysical reaction rates for translead nuclei journal, April 2010

The X-ray counterpart to the gravitational-wave event GW170817 journal, October 2017

Off-axis emission of short γ-ray bursts and the detectability of electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational-wave-detected binary mergers journal, July 2017

A list of galaxies for gravitational wave searches journal, March 2011

What are the astrophysical sites for the r-process and the production of heavy elements? journal, April 2011

Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger journal, October 2017

The Los Alamos suite of relativistic atomic physics codes journal, May 2015

X-Ray-Powered Macronovae journal, February 2016

The unusual X-ray emission of the short Swift GRB 090515: evidence for the formation of a magnetar?: The unusual X-ray emission of GRB 090515 journal, October 2010

Dynamical r -process studies within the neutrino-driven wind scenario and its sensitivity to the nuclear physics input journal, April 2011

The long-term evolution of neutron star merger remnants – II. Radioactively powered transients journal, January 2014

The long-term evolution of neutron star merger remnants - I. The impact of r-process nucleosynthesis journal, January 2014

Kilonovae
journal, May 2017

Relativistic fireballs and their impact on external matter - Models for cosmological gamma-ray bursts
journal, March 1993

The dynamic ejecta of compact object mergers and eccentric collisions
journal, June 2013

The Swift X-Ray Telescope
journal, October 2005

The Swift Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope
journal, October 2005

Astrophysical Reaction Rates From Statistical Model Calculations
journal, May 2000

Relativistic opacities for astrophysical applications
journal, September 2015

Neutrino-Driven Winds in the Aftermath of a Neutron star Merger: Nucleosynthesis and Electromagnetic Transients
journal, October 2015

OPACITIES AND SPECTRA OF THE r -PROCESS EJECTA FROM NEUTRON STAR MERGERS
journal, August 2013

Light Curves and Spectra from a Thermonuclear Explosion of a White Dwarf Merger
journal, August 2016

THE THIRD SWIFT BURST ALERT TELESCOPE GAMMA-RAY BURST CATALOG
journal, September 2016

A Deep Chandra X-Ray Study of Neutron Star Coalescence GW170817
journal, October 2017

Methods and results of an automatic analysis of a complete sample of Swift -XRT observations of GRBs
journal, August 2009

Broad-band modelling of short gamma-ray bursts with energy injection from magnetar spin-down and its implications for radio detectability
journal, February 2015

Outflows from accretion discs formed in neutron star mergers: effect of black hole spin
journal, November 2014

THE SPECTRAL SN-GRB CONNECTION: SYSTEMATIC SPECTRAL COMPARISONS BETWEEN TYPE Ic SUPERNOVAE AND BROAD-LINED TYPE Ic SUPERNOVAE WITH AND WITHOUT GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
journal, November 2016

AN r -PROCESS KILONOVA ASSOCIATED WITH THE SHORT-HARD GRB 130603B
journal, August 2013

Spectra and Light Curves of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
journal, April 1998

Nuclear Ground-State Masses and Deformations
journal, March 1995

OPTICAL CLASSIFICATION OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE SWIFT ERA
journal, June 2009

Neutron-rich freeze-out in viscously spreading accretion discs formed from compact object mergers
journal, June 2009

Electromagnetic Emission from Long-Lived Binary Neutron star Merger Remnants. ii. Light Curves and Spectra
journal, February 2016

X-Ray Counterpart of Gravitational Waves due to Binary Neutron star Mergers: Light Curves, Luminosity Function, and Event rate Density
journal, January 2017

Nucleosynthesis, neutrino bursts and γ-rays from coalescing neutron stars
journal, July 1989

The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. V. Rising X-Ray Emission from an Off-axis Jet
journal, October 2017

On the astrophysical robustness of the neutron star merger r-process: Robust r-process in neutron star mergers
journal, October 2012

A radio counterpart to a neutron star merger
journal, October 2017

Swope Supernova Survey 2017a (SSS17a), the optical counterpart to a gravitational wave source
journal, October 2017

Final Results from the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project to Measure the Hubble Constant
journal, May 2001

Detectability of compact binary merger macronovae
journal, April 2017

Swift follow-up of gravitational wave triggers: results from the first aLIGO run and optimization for the future
journal, August 2016

Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A
journal, October 2017

Illuminating gravitational waves: A concordant picture of photons from a neutron star merger
journal, October 2017

Synthesis of the Elements in Stars
journal, October 1957

A kilonova as the electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave source
journal, October 2017

Neutrino-driven winds from neutron star merger remnants
journal, August 2014

Can magnetar spin-down power extended emission in some short GRBs?
journal, March 2013

Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow Broadband Fitting Based Directly on Hydrodynamics Simulations
journal, March 2012

GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
journal, October 2017

Signatures of magnetar central engines in short GRB light curves
journal, January 2013

1SXPS: A DEEP SWIFT X-RAY TELESCOPE POINT SOURCE CATALOG WITH LIGHT CURVES AND SPECTRA
journal, December 2013

Short grb 130603b: Discovery of a jet Break in the Optical and Radio Afterglows, and a Mysterious Late-Time X-Ray Excess
journal, December 2013

The Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on the SWIFT Midex Mission
journal, October 2005

Optimization of the Swift X-ray follow-up of Advanced LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave triggers in 2015–16
journal, November 2015

Radioactive decay products in neutron star merger ejecta: heating efficiency and γ-ray emission
journal, March 2016

Photometric calibration of the Swift ultraviolet/optical telescope: Photometric calibration of the Swift UVOT
journal, December 2007

The Shape of Spectral Breaks in Gamma‐Ray Burst Afterglows
journal, April 2002

Binary Black Hole Mergers in the First Advanced LIGO Observing Run
journal, October 2016

Radiation Transport for Explosive Outflows: a Multigroup Hybrid Monte Carlo Method
journal, November 2013

A Decade of Short-Duration Gamma-Ray Burst Broadband Afterglows: Energetics, Circumburst Densities, and jet Opening Angles
journal, December 2015

Transient Events from Neutron Star Mergers
journal, November 1998

Effect of a high Opacity on the Light Curves of Radioactively Powered Transients from Compact Object Mergers
journal, August 2013

An Ordinary Short Gamma-Ray Burst with Extraordinary Implications: Fermi -GBM Detection of GRB 170817A
journal, October 2017

The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. VI. Radio Constraints on a Relativistic Jet and Predictions for Late-time Emission from the Kilonova Ejecta
journal, October 2017

THE NUCLEAR SPECTROSCOPIC TELESCOPE ARRAY ( NuSTAR ) HIGH-ENERGY X-RAY MISSION
journal, May 2013

Calculations of fission rates for r-process nucleosynthesis
journal, January 2005

The Swift Gamma‐Ray Burst Mission
journal, August 2004

A Comprehensive Study of Detectability and Contamination in deep Rapid Optical Searches for Gravitational wave Counterparts
journal, November 2015

Radioactivity and Thermalization in the Ejecta of Compact Object Mergers and Their Impact on Kilonova Light Curves
journal, September 2016

A complete sample of bright Swift short gamma-ray bursts
journal, June 2014

The Dynamics and Light Curves of Beamed Gamma‐Ray Burst Afterglows
journal, November 1999

A ‘kilonova’ associated with the short-duration γ-ray burst GRB 130603B
journal, August 2013

NuSTAR OBSERVATIONS OF THE BULLET CLUSTER: CONSTRAINTS ON INVERSE COMPTON EMISSION
journal, August 2014

Comprehensive nucleosynthesis analysis for ejecta of compact binary mergers
journal, February 2015

Measuring Reddening with Sloan Digital sky Survey Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating sfd
journal, August 2011

Neutron-induced astrophysical reaction rates for translead nuclei
journal, April 2010

The X-ray counterpart to the gravitational-wave event GW170817
journal, October 2017

Off-axis emission of short γ-ray bursts and the detectability of electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational-wave-detected binary mergers
journal, July 2017

A list of galaxies for gravitational wave searches
journal, March 2011

What are the astrophysical sites for the r-process and the production of heavy elements?
journal, April 2011

Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger
journal, October 2017

The Los Alamos suite of relativistic atomic physics codes
journal, May 2015

X-Ray-Powered Macronovae
journal, February 2016

The unusual X-ray emission of the short Swift GRB 090515: evidence for the formation of a magnetar?: The unusual X-ray emission of GRB 090515
journal, October 2010

Dynamical $r$ -process studies within the neutrino-driven wind scenario and its sensitivity to the nuclear physics input
journal, April 2011

The long-term evolution of neutron star merger remnants – II. Radioactively powered transients
journal, January 2014

The long-term evolution of neutron star merger remnants - I. The impact of r-process nucleosynthesis
journal, January 2014

The physics of gamma-ray bursts
journal, January 2005

Radiation Transport for Explosive Outflows: Opacity Regrouping
journal, October 2014

The optical afterglow of the short gamma-ray burst associated with GW170817
journal, July 2018