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Title: Production, characterization and operation of $$^{76}$$Ge enriched BEGe detectors in GERDA

Abstract

The GERmanium Detector Array (Gerda) at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory (LNGS) searches for the neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) of 76Ge. Germanium detectors made of material with an enriched 76Ge fraction act simultaneously as sources and detectors for this decay. During Phase I of theexperiment mainly refurbished semi-coaxial Ge detectors from former experiments were used. For the upcoming Phase II, 30 new 76 Ge enriched detectors of broad energy germanium (BEGe)-type were produced. A subgroup of these detectors has already been deployed in Gerda during Phase I. The present article reviews the complete production chain of these BEGe detectors including isotopic enrichment, purification, crystal growth and diode production. The efforts in optimizing the mass yield and in minimizing the exposure of the 76Ge enriched germanium to cosmic radiation during processing are described. Furthermore, characterization measurements in vacuum cryostats of the first subgroup of seven BEGe detectors and their long-term behavior in liquid argon are discussed. Lastly, the detector performance fulfills the requirements needed for the physics goals of Gerda Phase II.

Authors:
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Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Contributing Org.:
Gerda Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1407311
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 75; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1434-6044
Publisher:
Springer
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Citation Formats

Agostini, M., Allardt, M., Andreotti, E., Bakalyarov, A. M., Balata, M., Barabanov, I., Barros, N., Baudis, L., Bauer, C., Becerici-Schmidt, N., Bellotti, E., Belogurov, S., Belyaev, S. T., Benato, G., Bettini, A., Bezrukov, L., Bode, T., Borowicz, D., Brudanin, V., Brugnera, R., Budjáš, D., Caldwell, A., Cattadori, C., Chernogorov, A., D’Andrea, V., Demidova, E. V., Domula, A., Egorov, V., Falkenstein, R., Freund, K., Frodyma, N., Gangapshev, A., Garfagnini, A., Gotti, C., Grabmayr, P., Gurentsov, V., Gusev, K., Hegai, A., Heisel, M., Hemmer, S., Heusser, G., Hofmann, W., Hult, M., Inzhechik, L. V., Ioannucci, L., Janicskó Csáthy, J., Jochum, J., Junker, M., Kazalov, V., Kihm, T., Kirpichnikov, I. V., Kirsch, A., Klimenko, A., Knöpfle, K. T., Kochetov, O., Kornoukhov, V. N., Kuzminov, V. V., Laubenstein, M., Lazzaro, A., Lebedev, V. I., Lehnert, B., Liao, H. Y., Lindner, M., Lippi, I., Lubashevskiy, A., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lutter, G., Macolino, C., Majorovits, B., Maneschg, W., Misiaszek, M., Nemchenok, I., Nisi, S., O’Shaughnessy, C., Palioselitis, D., Pandola, L., Pelczar, K., Pessina, G., Pullia, A., Riboldi, S., Rumyantseva, N., Sada, C., Salathe, M., Schmitt, C., Schreiner, J., Schulz, O., Schütz, A. -K., Schwingenheuer, B., Schönert, S., Shevchik, E., Shirchenko, M., Simgen, H., Smolnikov, A., Stanco, L., Strecker, H., Ur, C. A., Vanhoefer, L., Vasenko, A. A., von Sturm, K., Wagner, V., Walter, M., Wegmann, A., Wester, T., Wilsenach, H., Wojcik, M., Yanovich, E., Zavarise, P., Zhitnikov, I., Zhukov, S. V., Zinatulina, D., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G. Production, characterization and operation of $^{76}$Ge enriched BEGe detectors in GERDA. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-3253-0.
Agostini, M., Allardt, M., Andreotti, E., Bakalyarov, A. M., Balata, M., Barabanov, I., Barros, N., Baudis, L., Bauer, C., Becerici-Schmidt, N., Bellotti, E., Belogurov, S., Belyaev, S. T., Benato, G., Bettini, A., Bezrukov, L., Bode, T., Borowicz, D., Brudanin, V., Brugnera, R., Budjáš, D., Caldwell, A., Cattadori, C., Chernogorov, A., D’Andrea, V., Demidova, E. V., Domula, A., Egorov, V., Falkenstein, R., Freund, K., Frodyma, N., Gangapshev, A., Garfagnini, A., Gotti, C., Grabmayr, P., Gurentsov, V., Gusev, K., Hegai, A., Heisel, M., Hemmer, S., Heusser, G., Hofmann, W., Hult, M., Inzhechik, L. V., Ioannucci, L., Janicskó Csáthy, J., Jochum, J., Junker, M., Kazalov, V., Kihm, T., Kirpichnikov, I. V., Kirsch, A., Klimenko, A., Knöpfle, K. T., Kochetov, O., Kornoukhov, V. N., Kuzminov, V. V., Laubenstein, M., Lazzaro, A., Lebedev, V. I., Lehnert, B., Liao, H. Y., Lindner, M., Lippi, I., Lubashevskiy, A., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lutter, G., Macolino, C., Majorovits, B., Maneschg, W., Misiaszek, M., Nemchenok, I., Nisi, S., O’Shaughnessy, C., Palioselitis, D., Pandola, L., Pelczar, K., Pessina, G., Pullia, A., Riboldi, S., Rumyantseva, N., Sada, C., Salathe, M., Schmitt, C., Schreiner, J., Schulz, O., Schütz, A. -K., Schwingenheuer, B., Schönert, S., Shevchik, E., Shirchenko, M., Simgen, H., Smolnikov, A., Stanco, L., Strecker, H., Ur, C. A., Vanhoefer, L., Vasenko, A. A., von Sturm, K., Wagner, V., Walter, M., Wegmann, A., Wester, T., Wilsenach, H., Wojcik, M., Yanovich, E., Zavarise, P., Zhitnikov, I., Zhukov, S. V., Zinatulina, D., Zuber, K., & Zuzel, G. Production, characterization and operation of $^{76}$Ge enriched BEGe detectors in GERDA. United States. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-3253-0
Agostini, M., Allardt, M., Andreotti, E., Bakalyarov, A. M., Balata, M., Barabanov, I., Barros, N., Baudis, L., Bauer, C., Becerici-Schmidt, N., Bellotti, E., Belogurov, S., Belyaev, S. T., Benato, G., Bettini, A., Bezrukov, L., Bode, T., Borowicz, D., Brudanin, V., Brugnera, R., Budjáš, D., Caldwell, A., Cattadori, C., Chernogorov, A., D’Andrea, V., Demidova, E. V., Domula, A., Egorov, V., Falkenstein, R., Freund, K., Frodyma, N., Gangapshev, A., Garfagnini, A., Gotti, C., Grabmayr, P., Gurentsov, V., Gusev, K., Hegai, A., Heisel, M., Hemmer, S., Heusser, G., Hofmann, W., Hult, M., Inzhechik, L. V., Ioannucci, L., Janicskó Csáthy, J., Jochum, J., Junker, M., Kazalov, V., Kihm, T., Kirpichnikov, I. V., Kirsch, A., Klimenko, A., Knöpfle, K. T., Kochetov, O., Kornoukhov, V. N., Kuzminov, V. V., Laubenstein, M., Lazzaro, A., Lebedev, V. I., Lehnert, B., Liao, H. Y., Lindner, M., Lippi, I., Lubashevskiy, A., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lutter, G., Macolino, C., Majorovits, B., Maneschg, W., Misiaszek, M., Nemchenok, I., Nisi, S., O’Shaughnessy, C., Palioselitis, D., Pandola, L., Pelczar, K., Pessina, G., Pullia, A., Riboldi, S., Rumyantseva, N., Sada, C., Salathe, M., Schmitt, C., Schreiner, J., Schulz, O., Schütz, A. -K., Schwingenheuer, B., Schönert, S., Shevchik, E., Shirchenko, M., Simgen, H., Smolnikov, A., Stanco, L., Strecker, H., Ur, C. A., Vanhoefer, L., Vasenko, A. A., von Sturm, K., Wagner, V., Walter, M., Wegmann, A., Wester, T., Wilsenach, H., Wojcik, M., Yanovich, E., Zavarise, P., Zhitnikov, I., Zhukov, S. V., Zinatulina, D., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G. Tue . "Production, characterization and operation of $^{76}$Ge enriched BEGe detectors in GERDA". United States. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-3253-0. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1407311.
@article{osti_1407311,
title = {Production, characterization and operation of $^{76}$Ge enriched BEGe detectors in GERDA},
author = {Agostini, M. and Allardt, M. and Andreotti, E. and Bakalyarov, A. M. and Balata, M. and Barabanov, I. and Barros, N. and Baudis, L. and Bauer, C. and Becerici-Schmidt, N. and Bellotti, E. and Belogurov, S. and Belyaev, S. T. and Benato, G. and Bettini, A. and Bezrukov, L. and Bode, T. and Borowicz, D. and Brudanin, V. and Brugnera, R. and Budjáš, D. and Caldwell, A. and Cattadori, C. and Chernogorov, A. and D’Andrea, V. and Demidova, E. V. and Domula, A. and Egorov, V. and Falkenstein, R. and Freund, K. and Frodyma, N. and Gangapshev, A. and Garfagnini, A. and Gotti, C. and Grabmayr, P. and Gurentsov, V. and Gusev, K. and Hegai, A. and Heisel, M. and Hemmer, S. and Heusser, G. and Hofmann, W. and Hult, M. and Inzhechik, L. V. and Ioannucci, L. and Janicskó Csáthy, J. and Jochum, J. and Junker, M. and Kazalov, V. and Kihm, T. and Kirpichnikov, I. V. and Kirsch, A. and Klimenko, A. and Knöpfle, K. T. and Kochetov, O. and Kornoukhov, V. N. and Kuzminov, V. V. and Laubenstein, M. and Lazzaro, A. and Lebedev, V. I. and Lehnert, B. and Liao, H. Y. and Lindner, M. and Lippi, I. and Lubashevskiy, A. and Lubsandorzhiev, B. and Lutter, G. and Macolino, C. and Majorovits, B. and Maneschg, W. and Misiaszek, M. and Nemchenok, I. and Nisi, S. and O’Shaughnessy, C. and Palioselitis, D. and Pandola, L. and Pelczar, K. and Pessina, G. and Pullia, A. and Riboldi, S. and Rumyantseva, N. and Sada, C. and Salathe, M. and Schmitt, C. and Schreiner, J. and Schulz, O. and Schütz, A. -K. and Schwingenheuer, B. and Schönert, S. and Shevchik, E. and Shirchenko, M. and Simgen, H. and Smolnikov, A. and Stanco, L. and Strecker, H. and Ur, C. A. and Vanhoefer, L. and Vasenko, A. A. and von Sturm, K. and Wagner, V. and Walter, M. and Wegmann, A. and Wester, T. and Wilsenach, H. and Wojcik, M. and Yanovich, E. and Zavarise, P. and Zhitnikov, I. and Zhukov, S. V. and Zinatulina, D. and Zuber, K. and Zuzel, G.},
abstractNote = {The GERmanium Detector Array (Gerda) at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory (LNGS) searches for the neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) of 76Ge. Germanium detectors made of material with an enriched 76Ge fraction act simultaneously as sources and detectors for this decay. During Phase I of theexperiment mainly refurbished semi-coaxial Ge detectors from former experiments were used. For the upcoming Phase II, 30 new 76 Ge enriched detectors of broad energy germanium (BEGe)-type were produced. A subgroup of these detectors has already been deployed in Gerda during Phase I. The present article reviews the complete production chain of these BEGe detectors including isotopic enrichment, purification, crystal growth and diode production. The efforts in optimizing the mass yield and in minimizing the exposure of the 76Ge enriched germanium to cosmic radiation during processing are described. Furthermore, characterization measurements in vacuum cryostats of the first subgroup of seven BEGe detectors and their long-term behavior in liquid argon are discussed. Lastly, the detector performance fulfills the requirements needed for the physics goals of Gerda Phase II.},
doi = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-3253-0},
journal = {European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields},
number = 2,
volume = 75,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Feb 03 00:00:00 EST 2015},
month = {Tue Feb 03 00:00:00 EST 2015}
}

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