Propagation of a finite-amplitude elastic pulse in a bar of Berea sandstone: A detailed look at the mechanisms of classical nonlinearity, hysteresis, and nonequilibrium dynamics: Nonlinear propagation of elastic pulse

doi:10.1002/2017JB014258

Title: Propagation of a finite-amplitude elastic pulse in a bar of Berea sandstone: A detailed look at the mechanisms of classical nonlinearity, hysteresis, and nonequilibrium dynamics: Nonlinear propagation of elastic pulse

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Here, we study the propagation of a finite-amplitude elastic pulse in a long thin bar of Berea sandstone. In previous work, this type of experiment has been conducted to quantify classical nonlinearity, based on the amplitude growth of the second harmonic as a function of propagation distance. To greatly expand on that early work, a non-contact scanning 3D laser Doppler vibrometer was used to track the evolution of the axial component of the particle velocity over the entire surface of the bar as functions of the propagation distance and source amplitude. With these new measurements, the combined effects of classical nonlinearity, hysteresis, and nonequilibrium dynamics have all been measured simultaneously. We then show that the numerical resolution of the 1D wave equation with terms for classical nonlinearity and attenuation accurately captures the spectral features of the waves up to the second harmonic. But, for higher harmonics the spectral content is shown to be strongly influenced by hysteresis. This work also shows data which not only quantifies classical nonlinearity but also the nonequilibrium dynamics based on the relative change in the arrival time of the elastic pulse as a function of strain and distance from the source. Finally, a comparison ismore »

Authors:

; Ulrich, T. J. ^[1] ; Goodman, Harvey E. ^[2] ;

Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Chevron Energy Technology Company, Houston TX (United States)

Publication Date:: 2017-10-18

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-17-23271
Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9313; TRN: US1703032

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396

Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 122; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9313

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union

Research Org:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org:: USDOE

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 58 GEOSCIENCES

OSTI Identifier:: 1406217


                    Remillieux, Marcel C., Ulrich, T. J., Goodman, Harvey E., and Ten Cate, James A.. Propagation of a finite-amplitude elastic pulse in a bar of Berea sandstone: A detailed look at the mechanisms of classical nonlinearity, hysteresis, and nonequilibrium dynamics: Nonlinear propagation of elastic pulse.  United States: N. p.,  
        Web.  doi:10.1002/2017JB014258.

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                    Remillieux, Marcel C., Ulrich, T. J., Goodman, Harvey E., & Ten Cate, James A.. Propagation of a finite-amplitude elastic pulse in a bar of Berea sandstone: A detailed look at the mechanisms of classical nonlinearity, hysteresis, and nonequilibrium dynamics: Nonlinear propagation of elastic pulse.  United States.  doi:10.1002/2017JB014258.

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                    Remillieux, Marcel C., Ulrich, T. J., Goodman, Harvey E., and Ten Cate, James A.. 2017.  
        "Propagation of a finite-amplitude elastic pulse in a bar of Berea sandstone: A detailed look at the mechanisms of classical nonlinearity, hysteresis, and nonequilibrium dynamics: Nonlinear propagation of elastic pulse".  United States.  
        doi:10.1002/2017JB014258.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1406217.

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@article{osti_1406217,

  title        = {Propagation of a finite-amplitude elastic pulse in a bar of Berea sandstone: A detailed look at the mechanisms of classical nonlinearity, hysteresis, and nonequilibrium dynamics: Nonlinear propagation of elastic pulse},

  author       = {Remillieux, Marcel C. and Ulrich, T. J. and Goodman, Harvey E. and Ten Cate, James A.},

  abstractNote = {Here, we study the propagation of a finite-amplitude elastic pulse in a long thin bar of Berea sandstone. In previous work, this type of experiment has been conducted to quantify classical nonlinearity, based on the amplitude growth of the second harmonic as a function of propagation distance. To greatly expand on that early work, a non-contact scanning 3D laser Doppler vibrometer was used to track the evolution of the axial component of the particle velocity over the entire surface of the bar as functions of the propagation distance and source amplitude. With these new measurements, the combined effects of classical nonlinearity, hysteresis, and nonequilibrium dynamics have all been measured simultaneously. We then show that the numerical resolution of the 1D wave equation with terms for classical nonlinearity and attenuation accurately captures the spectral features of the waves up to the second harmonic. But, for higher harmonics the spectral content is shown to be strongly influenced by hysteresis. This work also shows data which not only quantifies classical nonlinearity but also the nonequilibrium dynamics based on the relative change in the arrival time of the elastic pulse as a function of strain and distance from the source. Finally, a comparison is made to a resonant bar measurement, a reference experiment used to quantify nonequilibrium dynamics, based on the relative shift of the resonance frequencies as a function of the maximum dynamic strain in the sample.},

  doi          = {10.1002/2017JB014258},

  journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth},

  number       = 11,

  volume       = 122,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2017},

  month        = {10}

}

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10.1002/2017JB014258
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014258

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Title: Propagation of a finite-amplitude elastic pulse in a bar of Berea sandstone: A detailed look at the mechanisms of classical nonlinearity, hysteresis, and nonequilibrium dynamics: Nonlinear propagation of elastic pulse

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