Processing of Ice Cloud In Situ Data Collected by Bulk Water, Scattering, and Imaging Probes: Fundamentals, Uncertainties, and Efforts toward Consistency
Abstract
Abstract In situ observations of cloud properties made by airborne probes play a critical role in ice cloud research through their role in process studies, parameterization development, and evaluation of simulations and remote sensing retrievals. To determine how cloud properties vary with environmental conditions, in situ data collected during different field projects processed by different groups must be used. However, because of the diverse algorithms and codes that are used to process measurements, it can be challenging to compare the results. Therefore it is vital to understand both the limitations of specific probes and uncertainties introduced by processing algorithms. Since there is currently no universally accepted framework regarding how in situ measurements should be processed, there is a need for a general reference that describes the most commonly applied algorithms along with their strengths and weaknesses. Methods used to process data from bulk water probes, single-particle light-scattering spectrometers and cloud-imaging probes are reviewed herein, with emphasis on measurements of the ice phase. Particular attention is paid to how uncertainties, caveats, and assumptions in processing algorithms affect derived products since there is currently no consensus on the optimal way of analyzing data. Recommendations for improving the analysis and interpretation of inmore »
- Authors:
-
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
- Droplet Measurement Technologies, Boulder, Colorado
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
- Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Downsview, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, CNRS/Université Blaise Pascal, Aubière, France
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- NorthWest Research Associates, Redmond, Washington
- South Dakota Schools of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota
- Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Science Foundation (NSF)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1404759
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1594789
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0014065; AGS-1213311; AGS-1359098; 603502
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Meteorological Monographs
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Meteorological Monographs Journal Volume: 58; Journal ID: ISSN 0065-9401
- Publisher:
- American Meteorological Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; cloud microphysics; drop size distribution; ice crystals; aircraft observations; data processing; in situ atmospheric observations
Citation Formats
McFarquhar, Greg M., Baumgardner, Darrel, Bansemer, Aaron, Abel, Steven J., Crosier, Jonathan, French, Jeff, Rosenberg, Phil, Korolev, Alexei, Schwarzoenboeck, Alfons, Leroy, Delphine, Um, Junshik, Wu, Wei, Heymsfield, Andrew J., Twohy, Cynthia, Detwiler, Andrew, Field, Paul, Neumann, Andrea, Cotton, Richard, Axisa, Duncan, and Dong, Jiayin. Processing of Ice Cloud In Situ Data Collected by Bulk Water, Scattering, and Imaging Probes: Fundamentals, Uncertainties, and Efforts toward Consistency. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-16-0007.1.
McFarquhar, Greg M., Baumgardner, Darrel, Bansemer, Aaron, Abel, Steven J., Crosier, Jonathan, French, Jeff, Rosenberg, Phil, Korolev, Alexei, Schwarzoenboeck, Alfons, Leroy, Delphine, Um, Junshik, Wu, Wei, Heymsfield, Andrew J., Twohy, Cynthia, Detwiler, Andrew, Field, Paul, Neumann, Andrea, Cotton, Richard, Axisa, Duncan, & Dong, Jiayin. Processing of Ice Cloud In Situ Data Collected by Bulk Water, Scattering, and Imaging Probes: Fundamentals, Uncertainties, and Efforts toward Consistency. United States. https://doi.org/10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-16-0007.1
McFarquhar, Greg M., Baumgardner, Darrel, Bansemer, Aaron, Abel, Steven J., Crosier, Jonathan, French, Jeff, Rosenberg, Phil, Korolev, Alexei, Schwarzoenboeck, Alfons, Leroy, Delphine, Um, Junshik, Wu, Wei, Heymsfield, Andrew J., Twohy, Cynthia, Detwiler, Andrew, Field, Paul, Neumann, Andrea, Cotton, Richard, Axisa, Duncan, and Dong, Jiayin. Wed .
"Processing of Ice Cloud In Situ Data Collected by Bulk Water, Scattering, and Imaging Probes: Fundamentals, Uncertainties, and Efforts toward Consistency". United States. https://doi.org/10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-16-0007.1.
@article{osti_1404759,
title = {Processing of Ice Cloud In Situ Data Collected by Bulk Water, Scattering, and Imaging Probes: Fundamentals, Uncertainties, and Efforts toward Consistency},
author = {McFarquhar, Greg M. and Baumgardner, Darrel and Bansemer, Aaron and Abel, Steven J. and Crosier, Jonathan and French, Jeff and Rosenberg, Phil and Korolev, Alexei and Schwarzoenboeck, Alfons and Leroy, Delphine and Um, Junshik and Wu, Wei and Heymsfield, Andrew J. and Twohy, Cynthia and Detwiler, Andrew and Field, Paul and Neumann, Andrea and Cotton, Richard and Axisa, Duncan and Dong, Jiayin},
abstractNote = {Abstract In situ observations of cloud properties made by airborne probes play a critical role in ice cloud research through their role in process studies, parameterization development, and evaluation of simulations and remote sensing retrievals. To determine how cloud properties vary with environmental conditions, in situ data collected during different field projects processed by different groups must be used. However, because of the diverse algorithms and codes that are used to process measurements, it can be challenging to compare the results. Therefore it is vital to understand both the limitations of specific probes and uncertainties introduced by processing algorithms. Since there is currently no universally accepted framework regarding how in situ measurements should be processed, there is a need for a general reference that describes the most commonly applied algorithms along with their strengths and weaknesses. Methods used to process data from bulk water probes, single-particle light-scattering spectrometers and cloud-imaging probes are reviewed herein, with emphasis on measurements of the ice phase. Particular attention is paid to how uncertainties, caveats, and assumptions in processing algorithms affect derived products since there is currently no consensus on the optimal way of analyzing data. Recommendations for improving the analysis and interpretation of in situ data include the following: establishment of a common reference library of individual processing algorithms, better documentation of assumptions used in these algorithms, development and maintenance of sustainable community software for processing in situ observations, and more studies that compare different algorithms with the same benchmark datasets.},
doi = {10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-16-0007.1},
journal = {Meteorological Monographs},
number = ,
volume = 58,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Oct 25 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Wed Oct 25 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-16-0007.1
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