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Title: Information theoretical approach to discovering solar wind drivers of the outer radiation belt

Abstract

Abstract The solar wind‐magnetosphere system is nonlinear. The solar wind drivers of geosynchronous electrons with energy range of 1.8–3.5 MeV are investigated using mutual information, conditional mutual information (CMI), and transfer entropy (TE). These information theoretical tools can establish linear and nonlinear relationships as well as information transfer. The information transfer from solar wind velocity ( V sw ) to geosynchronous MeV electron flux ( J e ) peaks with a lag time of 2 days. As previously reported, J e is anticorrelated with solar wind density ( n sw ) with a lag of 1 day. However, this lag time and anticorrelation can be attributed at least partly to the J e ( t  + 2 days) correlation with V sw ( t ) and n sw ( t  + 1 day) anticorrelation with V sw ( t ). Analyses of solar wind driving of the magnetosphere need to consider the large lag times, up to 3 days, in the ( V sw , n sw ) anticorrelation. Using CMI to remove the effects of V sw , the response of J e to n sw is 30% smaller and has a lag time < 24 h, suggesting that the MeV electron loss mechanism due to n sw or solarmore » wind dynamic pressure has to start operating in < 24 h. n sw transfers about 36% as much information as V sw (the primary driver) to J e . Nonstationarity in the system dynamics is investigated using windowed TE. When the data are ordered according to transfer entropy value, it is possible to understand details of the triangle distribution that has been identified between J e ( t  + 2 days) versus V sw ( t ).« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [4]
  1. The Johns Hopkins Univ. Applied Physics Lab., Laurel, MD (United States)
  2. Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ (United States); Andrews Univ., Berrien Springs, MI (United States)
  3. Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI), Amsterdam (The Netherlands)
  4. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1402657
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1402205
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-17-28042
Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9380; TRN: US1703021
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-06NA25396; AGS‐1058456; DE‐AC02‐09CH11466
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 121; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9380
Publisher:
American Geophysical Union
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
58 GEOSCIENCES; Heliospheric and Magnetospheric Physics; radiation belt; solar wind drivers; information theory; nonlinear relationships; triangle distribution; mutual information

Citation Formats

Wing, Simon, Johnson, Jay R., Camporeale, Enrico, and Reeves, Geoffrey D. Information theoretical approach to discovering solar wind drivers of the outer radiation belt. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1002/2016JA022711.
Wing, Simon, Johnson, Jay R., Camporeale, Enrico, & Reeves, Geoffrey D. Information theoretical approach to discovering solar wind drivers of the outer radiation belt. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA022711
Wing, Simon, Johnson, Jay R., Camporeale, Enrico, and Reeves, Geoffrey D. Fri . "Information theoretical approach to discovering solar wind drivers of the outer radiation belt". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA022711. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1402657.
@article{osti_1402657,
title = {Information theoretical approach to discovering solar wind drivers of the outer radiation belt},
author = {Wing, Simon and Johnson, Jay R. and Camporeale, Enrico and Reeves, Geoffrey D.},
abstractNote = {Abstract The solar wind‐magnetosphere system is nonlinear. The solar wind drivers of geosynchronous electrons with energy range of 1.8–3.5 MeV are investigated using mutual information, conditional mutual information (CMI), and transfer entropy (TE). These information theoretical tools can establish linear and nonlinear relationships as well as information transfer. The information transfer from solar wind velocity ( V sw ) to geosynchronous MeV electron flux ( J e ) peaks with a lag time of 2 days. As previously reported, J e is anticorrelated with solar wind density ( n sw ) with a lag of 1 day. However, this lag time and anticorrelation can be attributed at least partly to the J e ( t  + 2 days) correlation with V sw ( t ) and n sw ( t  + 1 day) anticorrelation with V sw ( t ). Analyses of solar wind driving of the magnetosphere need to consider the large lag times, up to 3 days, in the ( V sw , n sw ) anticorrelation. Using CMI to remove the effects of V sw , the response of J e to n sw is 30% smaller and has a lag time < 24 h, suggesting that the MeV electron loss mechanism due to n sw or solar wind dynamic pressure has to start operating in < 24 h. n sw transfers about 36% as much information as V sw (the primary driver) to J e . Nonstationarity in the system dynamics is investigated using windowed TE. When the data are ordered according to transfer entropy value, it is possible to understand details of the triangle distribution that has been identified between J e ( t  + 2 days) versus V sw ( t ).},
doi = {10.1002/2016JA022711},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics},
number = 10,
volume = 121,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Jul 29 00:00:00 EDT 2016},
month = {Fri Jul 29 00:00:00 EDT 2016}
}

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