Enabling fast charging – Infrastructure and economic considerations
Abstract
The ability to charge battery electric vehicles (BEVs) on a time scale that is on par with the time to fuel an internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) would remove a significant barrier to the adoption of BEVs. However, for viability, fast charging at this time scale needs to also occur at a price that is acceptable to consumers. Therefore, the cost drivers for both BEV owners and charging station providers are analyzed. In addition, key infrastructure considerations are examined, including grid stability and delivery of power, the design of fast charging stations and the design and use of electric vehicle service equipment. Each of these aspects have technical barriers that need to be addressed, and are directly linked to economic impacts to use and implementation. Here, this discussion focuses on both the economic and infrastructure issues which exist and need to be addressed for the effective implementation of fast charging up to 350 kW. In doing so, it has been found that there is a distinct need to effectively manage the intermittent, high power demand of fast charging, strategically plan infrastructure corridors, and to further understand the cost of operation of charging infrastructure and BEVs.
- Authors:
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- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V); USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1402072
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1402501; OSTI ID: 1496298
- Report Number(s):
- INL/JOU-17-41459
Journal ID: ISSN 0378-7753; 135370; TRN: US1703108
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357; AC07-05ID14517; DE-AC07-05ID14517; AC36-08GO28308
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Power Sources
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 367; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0378-7753
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS; 29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY; Extreme fast charging (XFC); Electric vehicle infrastructure; Battery electric vehicles; Demand charges; Total cost of ownership; Economics; 25 ENERGY STORAGE; High power; Infrastructure; Vehicle charging
Citation Formats
Burnham, Andrew, Dufek, Eric J., Stephens, Thomas, Francfort, James, Michelbacher, Christopher, Carlson, Richard B., Zhang, Jiucai, Vijayagopal, Ram, Dias, Fernando, Mohanpurkar, Manish, Scoffield, Don, Hardy, Keith, Shirk, Matthew, Hovsapian, Rob, Ahmed, Shabbir, Bloom, Ira, Jansen, Andrew N., Keyser, Matthew, Kreuzer, Cory, Markel, Anthony, Meintz, Andrew, Pesaran, Ahmad, and Tanim, Tanvir R. Enabling fast charging – Infrastructure and economic considerations. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.06.079.
Burnham, Andrew, Dufek, Eric J., Stephens, Thomas, Francfort, James, Michelbacher, Christopher, Carlson, Richard B., Zhang, Jiucai, Vijayagopal, Ram, Dias, Fernando, Mohanpurkar, Manish, Scoffield, Don, Hardy, Keith, Shirk, Matthew, Hovsapian, Rob, Ahmed, Shabbir, Bloom, Ira, Jansen, Andrew N., Keyser, Matthew, Kreuzer, Cory, Markel, Anthony, Meintz, Andrew, Pesaran, Ahmad, & Tanim, Tanvir R. Enabling fast charging – Infrastructure and economic considerations. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.06.079
Burnham, Andrew, Dufek, Eric J., Stephens, Thomas, Francfort, James, Michelbacher, Christopher, Carlson, Richard B., Zhang, Jiucai, Vijayagopal, Ram, Dias, Fernando, Mohanpurkar, Manish, Scoffield, Don, Hardy, Keith, Shirk, Matthew, Hovsapian, Rob, Ahmed, Shabbir, Bloom, Ira, Jansen, Andrew N., Keyser, Matthew, Kreuzer, Cory, Markel, Anthony, Meintz, Andrew, Pesaran, Ahmad, and Tanim, Tanvir R. Mon .
"Enabling fast charging – Infrastructure and economic considerations". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.06.079. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1402072.
@article{osti_1402072,
title = {Enabling fast charging – Infrastructure and economic considerations},
author = {Burnham, Andrew and Dufek, Eric J. and Stephens, Thomas and Francfort, James and Michelbacher, Christopher and Carlson, Richard B. and Zhang, Jiucai and Vijayagopal, Ram and Dias, Fernando and Mohanpurkar, Manish and Scoffield, Don and Hardy, Keith and Shirk, Matthew and Hovsapian, Rob and Ahmed, Shabbir and Bloom, Ira and Jansen, Andrew N. and Keyser, Matthew and Kreuzer, Cory and Markel, Anthony and Meintz, Andrew and Pesaran, Ahmad and Tanim, Tanvir R.},
abstractNote = {The ability to charge battery electric vehicles (BEVs) on a time scale that is on par with the time to fuel an internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) would remove a significant barrier to the adoption of BEVs. However, for viability, fast charging at this time scale needs to also occur at a price that is acceptable to consumers. Therefore, the cost drivers for both BEV owners and charging station providers are analyzed. In addition, key infrastructure considerations are examined, including grid stability and delivery of power, the design of fast charging stations and the design and use of electric vehicle service equipment. Each of these aspects have technical barriers that need to be addressed, and are directly linked to economic impacts to use and implementation. Here, this discussion focuses on both the economic and infrastructure issues which exist and need to be addressed for the effective implementation of fast charging up to 350 kW. In doing so, it has been found that there is a distinct need to effectively manage the intermittent, high power demand of fast charging, strategically plan infrastructure corridors, and to further understand the cost of operation of charging infrastructure and BEVs.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.06.079},
journal = {Journal of Power Sources},
number = C,
volume = 367,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Oct 23 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Mon Oct 23 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
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Works referencing / citing this record:
Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Needs in Cities and along Corridors
journal, June 2019
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- World Electric Vehicle Journal, Vol. 10, Issue 2
In Situ Measurement of Lithium-Ion Cell Internal Temperatures during Extreme Fast Charging
journal, January 2019
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Commercialization of Lithium Battery Technologies for Electric Vehicles
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Challenges of Fast Charging for Electric Vehicles and the Role of Red Phosphorous as Anode Material: Review
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Challenges and opportunities towards fast-charging battery materials
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