In Situ Observation of Single-Phase Lithium Intercalation in Sub-25-nm Nanoparticles
Abstract
Although a non-equilibrium single-phase reaction, with the absence of nucleation and growth of a second phase, is believed to be a key factor for high-rate performance of lithium-ion batteries, it is thermodynamically unfavorable and usually proceeds in electrode materials with small particle sizes (tens of nanometers). Unfortunately, the phase evolutions inside such small particles are often shrouded by the macroscopic inhomogeneous reactions of electrodes containing millions of particles, leading to intensive debate over the size-dependent microscopic reaction mechanisms. Here, we provide a generally applicable methodology based on in-situ electron diffraction study on a multi-particle system to track the lithiation pathways in individual nanoparticles, and unambiguously reveal that lithiation of anatase TiO2, previously long believed to be biphasic, converts to a single-phase reaction when the particle size is below ~25 nm. Our results imply the prevalence of such a size-dependent transition in lithiation mechanism among intercalation compounds whose lithium miscibility gaps are associated with a prominent size effect, and therefore provide important guidelines for designing high-power electrodes, especially cathodes.
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA (United States). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States). Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies
- Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou (China). School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Yanshan Univ., Qin Huang Dao, Hebei Province (China). Nano Energy Center, State Key Lab. of Metastable Materials Science and Technology
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1399872
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1401791
- Report Number(s):
- SAND-2016-7630J
Journal ID: ISSN 0935-9648; 646434; TRN: US1702855
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC04-94AL85000; SC0001160; DESC0001160
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Advanced Materials
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 29; Journal Issue: 26; Journal ID: ISSN 0935-9648
- Publisher:
- Wiley
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; multiparticle systems; single-phase Li+ intercalation; size-dependent lithiation pathway
Citation Formats
Zhong, Li, Liu, Yang, Han, Wei-Qiang, Huang, Jian Yu, and Mao, Scott X. In Situ Observation of Single-Phase Lithium Intercalation in Sub-25-nm Nanoparticles. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1002/adma.201700236.
Zhong, Li, Liu, Yang, Han, Wei-Qiang, Huang, Jian Yu, & Mao, Scott X. In Situ Observation of Single-Phase Lithium Intercalation in Sub-25-nm Nanoparticles. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201700236
Zhong, Li, Liu, Yang, Han, Wei-Qiang, Huang, Jian Yu, and Mao, Scott X. Fri .
"In Situ Observation of Single-Phase Lithium Intercalation in Sub-25-nm Nanoparticles". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201700236. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1399872.
@article{osti_1399872,
title = {In Situ Observation of Single-Phase Lithium Intercalation in Sub-25-nm Nanoparticles},
author = {Zhong, Li and Liu, Yang and Han, Wei-Qiang and Huang, Jian Yu and Mao, Scott X.},
abstractNote = {Although a non-equilibrium single-phase reaction, with the absence of nucleation and growth of a second phase, is believed to be a key factor for high-rate performance of lithium-ion batteries, it is thermodynamically unfavorable and usually proceeds in electrode materials with small particle sizes (tens of nanometers). Unfortunately, the phase evolutions inside such small particles are often shrouded by the macroscopic inhomogeneous reactions of electrodes containing millions of particles, leading to intensive debate over the size-dependent microscopic reaction mechanisms. Here, we provide a generally applicable methodology based on in-situ electron diffraction study on a multi-particle system to track the lithiation pathways in individual nanoparticles, and unambiguously reveal that lithiation of anatase TiO2, previously long believed to be biphasic, converts to a single-phase reaction when the particle size is below ~25 nm. Our results imply the prevalence of such a size-dependent transition in lithiation mechanism among intercalation compounds whose lithium miscibility gaps are associated with a prominent size effect, and therefore provide important guidelines for designing high-power electrodes, especially cathodes.},
doi = {10.1002/adma.201700236},
journal = {Advanced Materials},
number = 26,
volume = 29,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri May 05 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Fri May 05 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
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