An Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase with High Li-Ion Conductivity, Mechanical Strength, and Flexibility for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes

doi:10.1002/adma.201605531

Title: An Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase with High Li-Ion Conductivity, Mechanical Strength, and Flexibility for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes

Authors:

Liu, Yayuan ^[1]; Lin, Dingchang ^[1]; Yuen, Pak Yan ^[2]; Liu, Kai ^[1]; Xie, Jin ^[1]; Dauskardt, Reinhold H. ^[1]; Cui, Yi ^[3]

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305 USA
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305 USA
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305 USA, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA

Publication Date:: 2016-12-29

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

OSTI Identifier:: 1401036

Resource Type:: Publisher's Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Advanced Materials

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Advanced Materials Journal Volume: 29 Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 0935-9648

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

Citation Formats


                    Liu, Yayuan, Lin, Dingchang, Yuen, Pak Yan, Liu, Kai, Xie, Jin, Dauskardt, Reinhold H., and Cui, Yi. An Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase with High Li-Ion Conductivity, Mechanical Strength, and Flexibility for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes.  Germany: N. p., 2016. 
        Web.  doi:10.1002/adma.201605531.

Copy to clipboard


                    Liu, Yayuan, Lin, Dingchang, Yuen, Pak Yan, Liu, Kai, Xie, Jin, Dauskardt, Reinhold H., & Cui, Yi. An Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase with High Li-Ion Conductivity, Mechanical Strength, and Flexibility for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes.  Germany.  doi:10.1002/adma.201605531.

Copy to clipboard


                    Liu, Yayuan, Lin, Dingchang, Yuen, Pak Yan, Liu, Kai, Xie, Jin, Dauskardt, Reinhold H., and Cui, Yi. Thu .  
        "An Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase with High Li-Ion Conductivity, Mechanical Strength, and Flexibility for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes".  Germany.  doi:10.1002/adma.201605531.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1401036,

  title        = {An Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase with High Li-Ion Conductivity, Mechanical Strength, and Flexibility for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes},

  author       = {Liu, Yayuan and Lin, Dingchang and Yuen, Pak Yan and Liu, Kai and Xie, Jin and Dauskardt, Reinhold H. and Cui, Yi},

  abstractNote = {},

  doi          = {10.1002/adma.201605531},

  journal      = {Advanced Materials},

  number       = 10,

  volume       = 29,

  place        = {Germany},

  year         = {2016},

  month        = {12}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Publisher's Version of Record
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605531

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 32 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Effect of the Anion Activity on the Stability of Li Metal Anodes in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
journal, March 2016

Cao, Ruiguo; Chen, Junzheng; Han, Kee Sung
Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 18
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201505074

Mechanical properties of biocompatible protein polymer thin films
journal, January 2000

Buchko, Christopher J.; Slattery, Margaret J.; Kozloff, Kenneth M.
Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 15, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1557/JMR.2000.0038

The electrochemical behaviour of 1,3-dioxolane—LiClO4 solutions—I. Uncontaminated solutions
journal, March 1990

Aurbach, Doron; Youngman, Orit; Gofer, Yosef
Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 35, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(90)87055-7

Addition of a thin-film inorganic solid electrolyte (Lipon) as a protective film in lithium batteries with a liquid electrolyte
journal, August 2000

Dudney, Nancy J.
Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 89, Issue 2, p. 176-179
DOI: 10.1016/S0378-7753(00)00427-4

Lithium surface protection by polyacetylene in situ polymerization
journal, May 2006

Belov, D. G.; Yarmolenko, O. V.; Peng, A.
Synthetic Metals, Vol. 156, Issue 9-10
DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2006.04.006

Core-Shell Ge@Graphene@TiO ₂ Nanofibers as a High-Capacity and Cycle-Stable Anode for Lithium and Sodium Ion Battery
journal, December 2015

Wang, Xiaoyan; Fan, Ling; Gong, Decai
Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201504589

Resolution of the Modulus versus Adhesion Dilemma in Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries
journal, January 2012

Stone, G. M.; Mullin, S. A.; Teran, A. A.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 159, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1149/2.030203jes

Ionic conductivity in Li ₃ N single crystals
journal, June 1977

Alpen, U. v.; Rabenau, A.; Talat, G. H.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 30, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1063/1.89283

A short review of failure mechanisms of lithium metal and lithiated graphite anodes in liquid electrolyte solutions
journal, June 2002

Aurbach, D.
Solid State Ionics, Vol. 148, Issue 3-4
DOI: 10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00080-2

Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals as Stable Interfacial Layer for Improvement of Lithium Metal Anode
journal, September 2014

Yan, Kai; Lee, Hyun-Wook; Gao, Teng
Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1021/nl503125u

Mechanical characterization of nano-reinforced silica based sol–gel hybrid coatings on AISI 316L stainless steel using nanoindentation techniques
journal, July 2009

Ballarre, Josefina; Jimenez-Pique, Emilio; Anglada, Marc
Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 203, Issue 20-21
DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.04.014

Anode-Free Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries
journal, August 2016

Qian, Jiangfeng; Adams, Brian D.; Zheng, Jianming
Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 39
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201602353

Protection of lithium metal surfaces using tetraethoxysilane
journal, January 2011

Umeda, Grant A.; Menke, Erik; Richard, Monique
J. Mater. Chem., Vol. 21, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1039/C0JM02305A

Bacteria Absorption-Based Mn ₂ P ₂ O ₇ –Carbon@Reduced Graphene Oxides for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes
journal, May 2016

Yang, Yuhua; Wang, Bin; Zhu, Jingyi
ACS Nano, Vol. 10, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02036

Lithium-coated polymeric matrix as a minimum volume-change and dendrite-free lithium metal anode
journal, March 2016

Liu, Yayuan; Lin, Dingchang; Liang, Zheng
Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10992

An Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase Layer for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes
journal, December 2015

Li, Nian-Wu; Yin, Ya-Xia; Yang, Chun-Peng
Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504526

Composite lithium metal anode by melt infusion of lithium into a 3D conducting scaffold with lithiophilic coating
journal, February 2016

Liang, Zheng; Lin, Dingchang; Zhao, Jie
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1518188113

Next-Generation Lithium Metal Anode Engineering via Atomic Layer Deposition
journal, May 2015

Kozen, Alexander C.; Lin, Chuan-Fu; Pearse, Alexander J.
ACS Nano, Vol. 9, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b02166

Electrochemical behaviors of a Li3N modified Li metal electrode in secondary lithium batteries
journal, October 2011

Wu, Meifen; Wen, Zhaoyin; Liu, Yu
Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 196, Issue 19
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.05.035

A lithium anode protection guided highly-stable lithium–sulfur battery
journal, January 2014

Ma, Guoqiang; Wen, Zhaoyin; Wu, Meifen
Chem. Commun., Vol. 50, Issue 91
DOI: 10.1039/C4CC05535G

Li–N based hydrogen storage materials
journal, April 2004

Nakamori, Y.; Orimo, S.
Materials Science and Engineering: B, Vol. 108, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/j.mseb.2003.10.044

Metallic anodes for next generation secondary batteries
journal, January 2013

Kim, Hansu; Jeong, Goojin; Kim, Young-Ugk
Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 42, Issue 23
DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60177c

A simple composite protective layer coating that enhances the cycling stability of lithium metal batteries
journal, June 2015

Lee, Hongkyung; Lee, Dong Jin; Kim, Yun-Jung
Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 284
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.03.004

Ultrasmall Cu ₃ N Nanoparticles: Surfactant-Free Solution-Phase Synthesis, Nitridation Mechanism, and Application for Lithium Storage
journal, December 2015

Deshmukh, Rupali; Zeng, Guobo; Tervoort, Elena
Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 24
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b03444

Lithium Anodes: Conductive Nanostructured Scaffolds Render Low Local Current Density to Inhibit Lithium Dendrite Growth (Adv. Mater. 11/2016)
journal, March 2016

Zhang, Rui; Cheng, Xin-Bing; Zhao, Chen-Zi
Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201670071

Electrochemistry of Cu[sub 3]N with Lithium
journal, January 2003

Pereira, N.; Dupont, L.; Tarascon, J. M.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 150, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1149/1.1599845

The Impact of Elastic Deformation on Deposition Kinetics at Lithium/Polymer Interfaces
journal, January 2005

Monroe, Charles; Newman, John
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 152, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1149/1.1850854

Interface Stability in Solid-State Batteries
journal, December 2015

Richards, William D.; Miara, Lincoln J.; Wang, Yan
Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04082

Li–O₂ and Li–S batteries with high energy storage
journal, January 2012

Bruce, Peter G.; Freunberger, Stefan A.; Hardwick, Laurence J.
Nature Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 1, p. 19-29
DOI: 10.1038/nmat3191

Sustainable Redox Mediation for Lithium-Oxygen Batteries by a Composite Protective Layer on the Lithium-Metal Anode
journal, December 2015

Lee, Dong Jin; Lee, Hongkyung; Kim, Yun-Jung
Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503169

Lithium metal anodes for rechargeable batteries
journal, January 2014

Xu, Wu; Wang, Jiulin; Ding, Fei
Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 7, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1039/C3EE40795K

Layered reduced graphene oxide with nanoscale interlayer gaps as a stable host for lithium metal anodes
journal, March 2016

Lin, Dingchang; Liu, Yayuan; Liang, Zheng
Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 11, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.32

Interconnected hollow carbon nanospheres for stable lithium metal anodes
journal, July 2014

Zheng, Guangyuan; Lee, Seok Woo; Liang, Zheng
Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 9, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.152

A Review of Solid Electrolyte Interphases on Lithium Metal Anode
journal, November 2015

Cheng, Xin-Bing; Zhang, Rui; Zhao, Chen-Zi
Advanced Science, Vol. 3, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500213

The Electrochemical Behavior of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals in Nonaqueous Battery Systems—The Solid Electrolyte Interphase Model
journal, January 1979

Peled, E.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 126, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1149/1.2128859

Covalently Connected Carbon Nanostructures for Current Collectors in Both the Cathode and Anode of Li-S Batteries
journal, September 2016

Jin, Song; Xin, Sen; Wang, Linjun
Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 41
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602704

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Lithium-conducting covalent-organic-frameworks as artificial solid-electrolyte-interphase on silicon anode for high performance lithium ion batteries

Journal Article Ai, Qing ; Fang, Qiyi ; Liang, Jia ; ... - Nano Energy
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104657
Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase-Protected Li _x Si Nanoparticles: An Efficient and Stable Prelithiation Reagent for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Journal Article Zhao, Jie ; Lu, Zhenda ; Wang, Haotian ; ... - Journal of the American Chemical Society
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04526
Measurement of mechanical and fracture properties of solid electrolyte interphase on lithium metal anodes in lithium ion batteries

Journal Article Yoon, Insun ; Jurng, Sunhyung ; Abraham, Daniel P. ; ... - Energy Storage Materials

Mechanical integrity of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays an essential role in determining the life and performance of lithium-ion batteries. Fracture and continued formation of the SEI contribute to consumption of lithium, drying of electrolyte, increase in impedance, and growth of dendrites resulting in capacity fade and premature failure. Electrolyte additives such as fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) have been known to improve performance, but the underlying reasons have been elusive. Despite its importance, reliable methods for mechanical characterization of SEI have been lacking. In this paper, we present a new experimental technique that combines atomic force microscopy and membrane-bulge configurationmore »« less
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2019.10.009

Full Text Available
Organosulfide-plasticized solid-electrolyte interphase layer enables stable lithium metal anodes for long-cycle lithium-sulfur batteries

Journal Article Li, Guoxing ; Gao, Yue ; He, Xin ; ... - Nature Communications

Lithium metal is a promising anode candidate for the next-generation rechargeable battery due to its highest specific capacity (3860 mA h g-1) and lowest potential, but low Coulombic efficiency and formation of lithium dendrites hinder its practical application. Here, we report a self-formed flexible hybrid solid-electrolyte interphase layer through co-deposition of organosulfides/organopolysulfides and inorganic lithium salts using sulfur-containing polymers as an additive in the electrolyte. The organosulfides/organopolysulfides serve as “plasticizer” in the solid-electrolyte interphase layer to improve its mechanical flexibility and toughness. The as-formed robust solid-electrolyte interphase layers enable dendrite-free lithium deposition and significantly improve Coulombic efficiency (99% over 400more »« less
Cited by 39
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00974-x

Full Text Available
Stabilization of Lithium Metal Anodes by Hybrid Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase

Journal Article Kozen, Alexander C. ; Lin, Chuan-Fu ; Zhao, Oliver ; ... - Chemistry of Materials
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b01496

Similar Records

Title: An Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase with High Li-Ion Conductivity, Mechanical Strength, and Flexibility for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes

Citation Formats

Effect of the Anion Activity on the Stability of Li Metal Anodes in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries journal, March 2016

Mechanical properties of biocompatible protein polymer thin films journal, January 2000

The electrochemical behaviour of 1,3-dioxolane—LiClO4 solutions—I. Uncontaminated solutions journal, March 1990

Addition of a thin-film inorganic solid electrolyte (Lipon) as a protective film in lithium batteries with a liquid electrolyte journal, August 2000

Lithium surface protection by polyacetylene in situ polymerization journal, May 2006

Core-Shell Ge@Graphene@TiO 2 Nanofibers as a High-Capacity and Cycle-Stable Anode for Lithium and Sodium Ion Battery journal, December 2015

Resolution of the Modulus versus Adhesion Dilemma in Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries journal, January 2012

Ionic conductivity in Li 3 N single crystals journal, June 1977

A short review of failure mechanisms of lithium metal and lithiated graphite anodes in liquid electrolyte solutions journal, June 2002

Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals as Stable Interfacial Layer for Improvement of Lithium Metal Anode journal, September 2014

Mechanical characterization of nano-reinforced silica based sol–gel hybrid coatings on AISI 316L stainless steel using nanoindentation techniques journal, July 2009

Anode-Free Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries journal, August 2016

Protection of lithium metal surfaces using tetraethoxysilane journal, January 2011

Bacteria Absorption-Based Mn 2 P 2 O 7 –Carbon@Reduced Graphene Oxides for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes journal, May 2016

Lithium-coated polymeric matrix as a minimum volume-change and dendrite-free lithium metal anode journal, March 2016

An Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase Layer for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes journal, December 2015

Composite lithium metal anode by melt infusion of lithium into a 3D conducting scaffold with lithiophilic coating journal, February 2016

Next-Generation Lithium Metal Anode Engineering via Atomic Layer Deposition journal, May 2015

Electrochemical behaviors of a Li3N modified Li metal electrode in secondary lithium batteries journal, October 2011

A lithium anode protection guided highly-stable lithium–sulfur battery journal, January 2014

Li–N based hydrogen storage materials journal, April 2004

Metallic anodes for next generation secondary batteries journal, January 2013

A simple composite protective layer coating that enhances the cycling stability of lithium metal batteries journal, June 2015

Ultrasmall Cu 3 N Nanoparticles: Surfactant-Free Solution-Phase Synthesis, Nitridation Mechanism, and Application for Lithium Storage journal, December 2015

Lithium Anodes: Conductive Nanostructured Scaffolds Render Low Local Current Density to Inhibit Lithium Dendrite Growth (Adv. Mater. 11/2016) journal, March 2016

Electrochemistry of Cu[sub 3]N with Lithium journal, January 2003

The Impact of Elastic Deformation on Deposition Kinetics at Lithium/Polymer Interfaces journal, January 2005

Interface Stability in Solid-State Batteries journal, December 2015

Li–O2 and Li–S batteries with high energy storage journal, January 2012

Sustainable Redox Mediation for Lithium-Oxygen Batteries by a Composite Protective Layer on the Lithium-Metal Anode journal, December 2015

Lithium metal anodes for rechargeable batteries journal, January 2014

Layered reduced graphene oxide with nanoscale interlayer gaps as a stable host for lithium metal anodes journal, March 2016

Interconnected hollow carbon nanospheres for stable lithium metal anodes journal, July 2014

A Review of Solid Electrolyte Interphases on Lithium Metal Anode journal, November 2015

The Electrochemical Behavior of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals in Nonaqueous Battery Systems—The Solid Electrolyte Interphase Model journal, January 1979

Covalently Connected Carbon Nanostructures for Current Collectors in Both the Cathode and Anode of Li-S Batteries journal, September 2016

Effect of the Anion Activity on the Stability of Li Metal Anodes in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
journal, March 2016

Mechanical properties of biocompatible protein polymer thin films
journal, January 2000

The electrochemical behaviour of 1,3-dioxolane—LiClO4 solutions—I. Uncontaminated solutions
journal, March 1990

Addition of a thin-film inorganic solid electrolyte (Lipon) as a protective film in lithium batteries with a liquid electrolyte
journal, August 2000

Lithium surface protection by polyacetylene in situ polymerization
journal, May 2006

Core-Shell Ge@Graphene@TiO ₂ Nanofibers as a High-Capacity and Cycle-Stable Anode for Lithium and Sodium Ion Battery
journal, December 2015

Resolution of the Modulus versus Adhesion Dilemma in Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries
journal, January 2012

Ionic conductivity in Li ₃ N single crystals
journal, June 1977

A short review of failure mechanisms of lithium metal and lithiated graphite anodes in liquid electrolyte solutions
journal, June 2002

Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals as Stable Interfacial Layer for Improvement of Lithium Metal Anode
journal, September 2014

Mechanical characterization of nano-reinforced silica based sol–gel hybrid coatings on AISI 316L stainless steel using nanoindentation techniques
journal, July 2009

Anode-Free Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries
journal, August 2016

Protection of lithium metal surfaces using tetraethoxysilane
journal, January 2011

Bacteria Absorption-Based Mn ₂ P ₂ O ₇ –Carbon@Reduced Graphene Oxides for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes
journal, May 2016

Lithium-coated polymeric matrix as a minimum volume-change and dendrite-free lithium metal anode
journal, March 2016

An Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase Layer for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes
journal, December 2015

Composite lithium metal anode by melt infusion of lithium into a 3D conducting scaffold with lithiophilic coating
journal, February 2016

Next-Generation Lithium Metal Anode Engineering via Atomic Layer Deposition
journal, May 2015

Electrochemical behaviors of a Li3N modified Li metal electrode in secondary lithium batteries
journal, October 2011

A lithium anode protection guided highly-stable lithium–sulfur battery
journal, January 2014

Li–N based hydrogen storage materials
journal, April 2004

Metallic anodes for next generation secondary batteries
journal, January 2013

A simple composite protective layer coating that enhances the cycling stability of lithium metal batteries
journal, June 2015

Ultrasmall Cu ₃ N Nanoparticles: Surfactant-Free Solution-Phase Synthesis, Nitridation Mechanism, and Application for Lithium Storage
journal, December 2015

Lithium Anodes: Conductive Nanostructured Scaffolds Render Low Local Current Density to Inhibit Lithium Dendrite Growth (Adv. Mater. 11/2016)
journal, March 2016

Electrochemistry of Cu[sub 3]N with Lithium
journal, January 2003

The Impact of Elastic Deformation on Deposition Kinetics at Lithium/Polymer Interfaces
journal, January 2005

Interface Stability in Solid-State Batteries
journal, December 2015

Li–O₂ and Li–S batteries with high energy storage
journal, January 2012

Sustainable Redox Mediation for Lithium-Oxygen Batteries by a Composite Protective Layer on the Lithium-Metal Anode
journal, December 2015

Lithium metal anodes for rechargeable batteries
journal, January 2014

Layered reduced graphene oxide with nanoscale interlayer gaps as a stable host for lithium metal anodes
journal, March 2016

Interconnected hollow carbon nanospheres for stable lithium metal anodes
journal, July 2014

A Review of Solid Electrolyte Interphases on Lithium Metal Anode
journal, November 2015

The Electrochemical Behavior of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals in Nonaqueous Battery Systems—The Solid Electrolyte Interphase Model
journal, January 1979

Covalently Connected Carbon Nanostructures for Current Collectors in Both the Cathode and Anode of Li-S Batteries
journal, September 2016