Structural analysis and unique molecular recognition properties of a Bauhinia forficata lectin that inhibits cancer cell growth

Lubkowski, Jacek; Durbin, Sarah V.; Silva, Mariana C. C.; Farnsworth, David; Gildersleeve, Jeffrey C.; Oliva, Maria Luiza V.; Wlodawer, Alexander

doi:10.1111/febs.13989

Title: Structural analysis and unique molecular recognition properties of a Bauhinia forficata lectin that inhibits cancer cell growth

Journal Article · 01 February 2017 · Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS) Journal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.13989 · OSTI ID:1400594

Lubkowski, Jacek ^[1]; Durbin, Sarah V. ^[2]; Silva, Mariana C. C. ^[3]; Farnsworth, David ^[2]; Gildersleeve, Jeffrey C. ^[2]; Oliva, Maria Luiza V. ^[3]; Wlodawer, Alexander ^[1]

Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute Frederick MD USA
Chemical Biology Laboratory Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute Frederick MD USA
Universidade Federal de São Paulo‐Escola Paulista de Medicina Brazil

Lectins have been used at length for basic research and clinical applications. New insights into the molecular recognition properties enhance our basic understanding of carbohydrate–protein interactions and aid in the design/development of new lectins. In this study, we used a combination of cell‐based assays, glycan microarrays, and X‐ray crystallography to evaluate the structure and function of the recombinant Bauhinia forficata lectin (BfL). The lectin was shown to be cytostatic for several cancer cell lines included in the NCI ‐60 panel; in particular, it inhibited growth of melanoma cancer cells ( LOX IMVI ) by over 95%. BfL is dimeric in solution and highly specific for binding of oligosaccharides and glycopeptides with terminal N ‐acetylgalactosamine (Gal NA c). BfL was found to have especially strong binding (apparent K _d = 0.5–1.0 n m ) to the tumor‐associated Tn antigen. High‐resolution crystal structures were determined for the ligand‐free lectin, as well as for its complexes with three Tn glycopeptides, globotetraose, and the blood group A antigen. Extensive analysis of the eight crystal structures and comparison to structures of related lectins revealed several unique features of Gal NA c recognition. Of special note, the carboxylate group of Glu126, lining the glycan‐binding pocket, forms H‐bonds with both the N ‐acetyl of Gal NA c and the peptide amido group of Tn antigens. Stabilization provided by Glu126 is described here for the first time for any Gal NA c‐specific lectin. Taken together, the results provide new insights into the molecular recognition of carbohydrates and provide a structural understanding that will enable rational engineering of BfL for a variety of applications. Database Structural data are available in the PDB under the accession numbers 5T50 , 5T52 , 5T55 , 5T54 , 5T5L , 5T5J , 5T5P , and 5T5O .

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: W‐31‐109‐Eng‐38

OSTI ID:: 1400594

Journal Information:: Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS) Journal, Journal Name: Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS) Journal Vol. 284 Journal Issue: 3; ISSN 1742-464X

Publisher:: Wiley-BlackwellCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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Cited by: 24 works

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