Cation ratio fluctuations in Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 at the 20 nm length scale investigated by analytical electron microscopy: Cation ratio fluctuations in Cu 2 ZnSnS 4

doi:10.1002/pssa.201600060

Title: Cation ratio fluctuations in Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ at the 20 nm length scale investigated by analytical electron microscopy: Cation ratio fluctuations in Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄

Authors:

Aguiar, Jeffery A. ^[1]; Erkan, Mehmet E. ^[2]; Pruzan, Dennis S. ^[3]; Nagaoka, Akira ^[4]; Yoshino, Kenji ^[5]; Moutinho, Helio ^[1]; Al-Jassim, Mowafak ^[1]; Scarpulla, Michael A. ^[6]

National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden CO 80401 USA
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, UT 84112 USA
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, UT 84112 USA
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, UT 84112 USA, Department of Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889 2192 Japan
Department of Applied Physics and Electronic Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889 2192 Japan
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, UT 84112 USA, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, UT 84112 USA

Publication Date:: 2016-04-05

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1400554

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08-GO28308

Resource Type:: Publisher's Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physica Status Solidi. A, Applications and Materials Science

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Physica Status Solidi. A, Applications and Materials Science Journal Volume: 213 Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 1862-6300

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

Citation Formats


                    Aguiar, Jeffery A., Erkan, Mehmet E., Pruzan, Dennis S., Nagaoka, Akira, Yoshino, Kenji, Moutinho, Helio, Al-Jassim, Mowafak, and Scarpulla, Michael A. Cation ratio fluctuations in Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 at the 20 nm length scale investigated by analytical electron microscopy: Cation ratio fluctuations in Cu 2 ZnSnS 4.  Germany: N. p., 2016. 
        Web.  doi:10.1002/pssa.201600060.

Copy to clipboard


                    Aguiar, Jeffery A., Erkan, Mehmet E., Pruzan, Dennis S., Nagaoka, Akira, Yoshino, Kenji, Moutinho, Helio, Al-Jassim, Mowafak, & Scarpulla, Michael A. Cation ratio fluctuations in Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 at the 20 nm length scale investigated by analytical electron microscopy: Cation ratio fluctuations in Cu 2 ZnSnS 4.  Germany.  doi:10.1002/pssa.201600060.

Copy to clipboard


                    Aguiar, Jeffery A., Erkan, Mehmet E., Pruzan, Dennis S., Nagaoka, Akira, Yoshino, Kenji, Moutinho, Helio, Al-Jassim, Mowafak, and Scarpulla, Michael A. Tue .  
        "Cation ratio fluctuations in Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 at the 20 nm length scale investigated by analytical electron microscopy: Cation ratio fluctuations in Cu 2 ZnSnS 4".  Germany.  doi:10.1002/pssa.201600060.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1400554,

  title        = {Cation ratio fluctuations in Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 at the 20 nm length scale investigated by analytical electron microscopy: Cation ratio fluctuations in Cu 2 ZnSnS 4},

  author       = {Aguiar, Jeffery A. and Erkan, Mehmet E. and Pruzan, Dennis S. and Nagaoka, Akira and Yoshino, Kenji and Moutinho, Helio and Al-Jassim, Mowafak and Scarpulla, Michael A.},

  abstractNote = {},

  doi          = {10.1002/pssa.201600060},

  journal      = {Physica Status Solidi. A, Applications and Materials Science},

  number       = 9,

  volume       = 213,

  place        = {Germany},

  year         = {2016},

  month        = {4}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Publisher's Version of Record
DOI: 10.1002/pssa.201600060

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 5 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

A low-temperature order-disorder transition in Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ thin films
journal, January 2014

Scragg, Jonathan J. S.; Choubrac, Léo; Lafond, Alain
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1063/1.4863685

Electrically Benign Behavior of Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline ${CuInSe}_{2}$ Films
journal, December 2007

Yan, Yanfa; Jiang, C. -S.; Noufi, R.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 23
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.235504

How grain boundaries in Cu(In,Ga)Se ₂ thin films are charged: Revisit
journal, July 2012

Jiang, C. -S.; Contreras, M. A.; Repins, I.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1063/1.4737406

Enhanced Conversion Efficiencies of Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ -Based Thin Film Solar Cells by Using Preferential Etching Technique
journal, April 2008

Katagiri, Hironori; Jimbo, Kazuo; Yamada, Satoru
Applied Physics Express, Vol. 1
DOI: 10.1143/APEX.1.041201

Engineering Grain Boundaries in Cu ₂ ZnSnSe ₄ for Better Cell Performance: A First-Principle Study
journal, August 2013

Yin, Wan-Jian; Wu, Yelong; Wei, Su-Huai
Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201300712

Structural and elemental characterization of high efficiency Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells
journal, January 2011

Wang, Kejia; Shin, Byungha; Reuter, Kathleen B.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1063/1.3543621

Thermally evaporated Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells
journal, October 2010

Wang, K.; Gunawan, O.; Todorov, T.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 14
DOI: 10.1063/1.3499284

New world record efficiency for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells beyond 20%
journal, January 2011

Jackson, Philip; Hariskos, Dimitrios; Lotter, Erwin
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 19, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1002/pip.1078

The crystal structure of kesterite type compounds: A neutron and X-ray diffraction study
journal, June 2011

Schorr, Susan
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 95, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2011.01.002

Development of CZTS-based thin film solar cells
journal, February 2009

Katagiri, Hironori; Jimbo, Kazuo; Maw, Win Shwe
Thin Solid Films, Vol. 517, Issue 7, p. 2455-2460
DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2008.11.002

Contrasting the Material Chemistry of Cu ₂ ZnSnSe ₄ and Cu ₂ ZnSnS _(4- _x ₎ Se _x
journal, February 2016

Aguiar, Jeffery A.; Patel, Maulik; Aoki, Toshihiro
Advanced Science, Vol. 3, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500320

Evidence for a Neutral Grain-Boundary Barrier in Chalcopyrites
journal, October 2006

Siebentritt, Susanne; Sadewasser, Sascha; Wimmer, Mark
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 14
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.146601

A neutron diffraction study of the stannite-kesterite solid solution series [A neutron diffraction study of the stannite-kesterite solid solution series]
journal, February 2007

Schorr, Susan; Hoebler, Hans-Joachim; Tovar, Michael
European Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 19, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1127/0935-1221/2007/0019-0065

Synthesis of Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ Nanocrystal Ink and Its Use for Solar Cells
journal, August 2009

Guo, Qijie; Hillhouse, Hugh W.; Agrawal, Rakesh
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 131, Issue 33
DOI: 10.1021/ja904981r

Phase equilibria in the Cu2S–ZnS–SnS2 system
journal, April 2004

Olekseyuk, I. D.; Dudchak, I. V.; Piskach, L. V.
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 368, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2003.08.084

Effects of sodium on electrical properties in Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ single crystal
journal, April 2014

Nagaoka, Akira; Miyake, Hideto; Taniyama, Tomoyasu
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 15
DOI: 10.1063/1.4871208

Grain boundary segregation in Fe–Mn–C twinning-induced plasticity steels studied by correlative electron backscatter diffraction and atom probe tomography
journal, January 2015

Herbig, M.; Kuzmina, M.; Haase, C.
Acta Materialia, Vol. 83
DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2014.09.041

Multiwavelength excitation Raman scattering study of polycrystalline kesterite Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ thin films
journal, January 2014

Dimitrievska, M.; Fairbrother, A.; Fontané, X.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1063/1.4861593

Defect physics of the ${CuInSe}_{2}$ chalcopyrite semiconductor
journal, April 1998

Zhang, S. B.; Wei, Su-Huai; Zunger, Alex
Physical Review B, Vol. 57, Issue 16
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.57.9642

Device characteristics of a 10.1% hydrazine-processed Cu2ZnSn(Se,S)4 solar cell: Characteristics of a 10.1% efficient kesterite solar cell
journal, September 2011

Barkhouse, D. Aaron R.; Gunawan, Oki; Gokmen, Tayfun
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 20, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1002/pip.1160

Preparation of Cu2ZnSnS4 single crystals from Sn solutions
journal, February 2012

Nagaoka, Akira; Yoshino, Kenji; Taniguchi, Hiroki
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 341, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2011.12.046

Chemical Insights into the Instability of Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ Films during Annealing
journal, October 2011

Scragg, Jonathan J.; Ericson, Tove; Kubart, Tomas
Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 20
DOI: 10.1021/cm202379s

Interplay between surface preparation and device performance in CZTSSe solar cells: Effects of KCN and NH4OH etching
journal, May 2015

Erkan, Mehmet Eray; Chawla, Vardaan; Repins, Ingrid
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 136
DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2015.01.006

Symmetry-dependence of electronic grain boundary properties in polycrystalline CuInSe ₂ thin films
journal, October 2011

Baier, Robert; Abou-Ras, Daniel; Rissom, Thorsten
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 17
DOI: 10.1063/1.3652915

Growth of Cu2ZnSnSe4 single crystals from Sn solutions
journal, September 2012

Nagaoka, Akira; Yoshino, Kenji; Taniguchi, Hiroki
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 354, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2012.05.030

Strategic review of secondary phases, defects and defect-complexes in kesterite CZTS–Se solar cells
journal, January 2015

Kumar, Mukesh; Dubey, Ashish; Adhikari, Nirmal
Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 8, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1039/C5EE02153G

Kesterites-a challenging material for solar cells: Kesterites-a challenging material for solar cells
journal, February 2012

Siebentritt, Susanne; Schorr, Susan
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 20, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1002/pip.2156

High-resolution work function imaging of single grains of semiconductor surfaces
journal, April 2002

Sadewasser, S.; Glatzel, Th.; Rusu, M.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 80, Issue 16
DOI: 10.1063/1.1471375

Direct observation of Cu, Zn cation disorder in Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ solar cell absorber material using aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy : Aberration corrected STEM in Cu, Zn cation disorder in CZTS
journal, September 2012

Mendis, Budhika G.; Shannon, Mervyn D.; Goodman, Max CJ
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 22, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1002/pip.2279

Entropy-Driven Clustering in Tetrahedrally Bonded Multinary Materials
journal, March 2015

Zawadzki, Paweł; Zakutayev, Andriy; Lany, Stephan
Physical Review Applied, Vol. 3, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.3.034007

Thermodynamic Aspects of the Synthesis of Thin-Film Materials for Solar Cells
journal, April 2012

Scragg, Jonathan J.; Dale, Phillip J.; Colombara, Diego
ChemPhysChem, Vol. 13, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200067

Band tailing and efficiency limitation in kesterite solar cells
journal, September 2013

Gokmen, Tayfun; Gunawan, Oki; Todorov, Teodor K.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1063/1.4820250

Classification of Lattice Defects in the Kesterite Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ and Cu ₂ ZnSnSe ₄ Earth-Abundant Solar Cell Absorbers
journal, February 2013

Chen, Shiyou; Walsh, Aron; Gong, Xin-Gao
Advanced Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201203146

Defect formation and phase stability of ${Cu}_{2} {ZnSnS}_{4}$ photovoltaic material
journal, March 2010

Nagoya, Akihiro; Asahi, Ryoji; Wahl, Roman
Physical Review B, Vol. 81, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.113202

Growth and Raman scattering characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films
journal, February 2009

Fernandes, P. A.; Salomé, P. M. P.; da Cunha, A. F.
Thin Solid Films, Vol. 517, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2008.11.031

The path towards a high-performance solution-processed kesterite solar cell
journal, June 2011

Mitzi, David B.; Gunawan, Oki; Todorov, Teodor K.
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 95, Issue 6, p. 1421-1436
DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2010.11.028

Cu-Zn disorder and band gap fluctuations in Cu ₂ ZnSn(S,Se) ₄ : Theoretical and experimental investigations (Phys. Status Solidi B 2/2016)
journal, February 2016

Scragg, Jonathan J. S.; Larsen, Jes K.; Kumar, Mukesh
physica status solidi (b), Vol. 253, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1002/pssb.201670508

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Cation ratio fluctuations in Cu₂ZnSnS₄ at the 20 nm length scale investigated by analytical electron microscopy

Journal Article Aguiar, Jeffery A. ; Erkan, Mehmet E. ; Pruzan, Dennis S. ; ... - Physica Status Solidi. A, Applications and Materials Science

Kesterite Cu₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄ (CZTSSe) is a sustainable material for thin-film photovoltaics with device efficiencies greater than 12% have been demonstrated. Despite similar crystal structure and polycrystalline film microstructures, there is widespread evidence for larger-amplitude potential and bandgap fluctuations in CZTS than in the analogous Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGSe) chalcopyrite material. This disorder is believed to account for a sizable part of the larger open-circuit voltage (VOC) deficit in CZTS devices, yet the detailed origins and length scales of these fluctuations have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we present a transmission electron microscopy study focusing on composition variation within bulk multicrystals of CZTS grownmore »« less
DOI: 10.1002/pssa.201600060
Cu ₂ ZnSnSe ₄ Photovoltaic Absorber Layers Evaluated by Transmission X-Ray Microscopy Tomography: Composition Fluctuations on the Length Scale of Grains

Journal Article Pruzan, Dennis S. ; Caruso, Anna E. ; Liu, Yijin ; ... - Solar RRL
DOI: 10.1002/solr.201600024
Comparison of fluctuating potentials and donor-acceptor pair transitions in a Cu-poor Cu{sub 2}ZnSnS{sub 4} based solar cell

Journal Article Teixeira, J. P. ; Sousa, R. A. ; Sousa, M. G. ; ... - Applied Physics Letters

The structure of the electronic energy levels of a single phase Cu{sub 2}ZnSnS{sub 4} film, as confirmed by Raman Scattering and x-ray diffraction, is investigated through a dependence on the excitation power of the photoluminescence (PL). The behavior of the observed asymmetric band, with a peak energy at ∼1.22 eV, is compared with two theoretical models: (i) fluctuating potentials and (ii) donor-acceptor pair transitions. It is shown that the radiative recombination channels in the Cu-poor film are strongly influenced by tail states in the bandgap as a consequence of a heavy doping and compensation levels. The contribution of the PL formore »« less
DOI: 10.1063/1.4899057
Point defects in Cu₂ZnSnSe₄(CZTSe): Resonant X-ray diffraction study of the low-temperature order/disorder transition

Journal Article Schelhas, L. T. ; Stone, K. H. ; Harvey, S. P. ; ... - Physica Status Solidi B. Basic Solid State Physics

We report that the interest in Cu₂ZnSn(S,Se)₄ (CZTS) for photovoltaic applications is motivated by similarities to Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ while being comprised of non-toxic and earth abundant elements. However, CZTS suffers from a V_oc deficit, where the V_oc is much lower than expected based on the band gap, which may be the result of a high concentration of point-defects in the CZTS lattice. Recently, reports have observed a low-temperature order/disorder transition by Raman and optical spectroscopies in CZTS films and is reported to describe the ordering of Cu and Zn atoms in the CZTS crystal structure. To directly determine the level ofmore »« less
Cited by 3
DOI: 10.1002/pssb.201700156

Full Text Available
Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of ${Cu}_{2} {ZnGeSe}_{4}$ : First-Principles Calculations and Vacuum-Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Ellipsometric Studies

Journal Article Choi, S. G. ; Park, J. -S. ; Donohue, A. L. ; ... - Physical Review Applied
Cited by 3
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.4.054006

Similar Records

Title: Cation ratio fluctuations in Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 at the 20 nm length scale investigated by analytical electron microscopy: Cation ratio fluctuations in Cu 2 ZnSnS 4

Citation Formats

A low-temperature order-disorder transition in Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 thin films journal, January 2014

Electrically Benign Behavior of Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline CuInSe 2 Films journal, December 2007

How grain boundaries in Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 thin films are charged: Revisit journal, July 2012

Enhanced Conversion Efficiencies of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 -Based Thin Film Solar Cells by Using Preferential Etching Technique journal, April 2008

Engineering Grain Boundaries in Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 for Better Cell Performance: A First-Principle Study journal, August 2013

Structural and elemental characterization of high efficiency Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells journal, January 2011

Thermally evaporated Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells journal, October 2010

New world record efficiency for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells beyond 20% journal, January 2011

The crystal structure of kesterite type compounds: A neutron and X-ray diffraction study journal, June 2011

Development of CZTS-based thin film solar cells journal, February 2009

Contrasting the Material Chemistry of Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 and Cu 2 ZnSnS (4- x ) Se x journal, February 2016

Evidence for a Neutral Grain-Boundary Barrier in Chalcopyrites journal, October 2006

A neutron diffraction study of the stannite-kesterite solid solution series [A neutron diffraction study of the stannite-kesterite solid solution series] journal, February 2007

Synthesis of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 Nanocrystal Ink and Its Use for Solar Cells journal, August 2009

Phase equilibria in the Cu2S–ZnS–SnS2 system journal, April 2004

Effects of sodium on electrical properties in Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 single crystal journal, April 2014

Grain boundary segregation in Fe–Mn–C twinning-induced plasticity steels studied by correlative electron backscatter diffraction and atom probe tomography journal, January 2015

Multiwavelength excitation Raman scattering study of polycrystalline kesterite Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 thin films journal, January 2014

Defect physics of the CuInSe 2 chalcopyrite semiconductor journal, April 1998

Device characteristics of a 10.1% hydrazine-processed Cu2ZnSn(Se,S)4 solar cell: Characteristics of a 10.1% efficient kesterite solar cell journal, September 2011

Preparation of Cu2ZnSnS4 single crystals from Sn solutions journal, February 2012

Chemical Insights into the Instability of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 Films during Annealing journal, October 2011

Interplay between surface preparation and device performance in CZTSSe solar cells: Effects of KCN and NH4OH etching journal, May 2015

Symmetry-dependence of electronic grain boundary properties in polycrystalline CuInSe 2 thin films journal, October 2011

Growth of Cu2ZnSnSe4 single crystals from Sn solutions journal, September 2012

Strategic review of secondary phases, defects and defect-complexes in kesterite CZTS–Se solar cells journal, January 2015

Kesterites-a challenging material for solar cells: Kesterites-a challenging material for solar cells journal, February 2012

High-resolution work function imaging of single grains of semiconductor surfaces journal, April 2002

Direct observation of Cu, Zn cation disorder in Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 solar cell absorber material using aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy : Aberration corrected STEM in Cu, Zn cation disorder in CZTS journal, September 2012

Entropy-Driven Clustering in Tetrahedrally Bonded Multinary Materials journal, March 2015

Thermodynamic Aspects of the Synthesis of Thin-Film Materials for Solar Cells journal, April 2012

Band tailing and efficiency limitation in kesterite solar cells journal, September 2013

Classification of Lattice Defects in the Kesterite Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 and Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 Earth-Abundant Solar Cell Absorbers journal, February 2013

Defect formation and phase stability of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 photovoltaic material journal, March 2010

Growth and Raman scattering characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films journal, February 2009

The path towards a high-performance solution-processed kesterite solar cell journal, June 2011

Cu-Zn disorder and band gap fluctuations in Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 : Theoretical and experimental investigations (Phys. Status Solidi B 2/2016) journal, February 2016

Title: Cation ratio fluctuations in Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ at the 20 nm length scale investigated by analytical electron microscopy: Cation ratio fluctuations in Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄

A low-temperature order-disorder transition in Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ thin films
journal, January 2014

Electrically Benign Behavior of Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline ${CuInSe}_{2}$ Films
journal, December 2007

How grain boundaries in Cu(In,Ga)Se ₂ thin films are charged: Revisit
journal, July 2012

Enhanced Conversion Efficiencies of Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ -Based Thin Film Solar Cells by Using Preferential Etching Technique
journal, April 2008

Engineering Grain Boundaries in Cu ₂ ZnSnSe ₄ for Better Cell Performance: A First-Principle Study
journal, August 2013

Structural and elemental characterization of high efficiency Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells
journal, January 2011

Thermally evaporated Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells
journal, October 2010

New world record efficiency for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells beyond 20%
journal, January 2011

The crystal structure of kesterite type compounds: A neutron and X-ray diffraction study
journal, June 2011

Development of CZTS-based thin film solar cells
journal, February 2009

Contrasting the Material Chemistry of Cu ₂ ZnSnSe ₄ and Cu ₂ ZnSnS _(4- _x ₎ Se _x
journal, February 2016

Evidence for a Neutral Grain-Boundary Barrier in Chalcopyrites
journal, October 2006

A neutron diffraction study of the stannite-kesterite solid solution series [A neutron diffraction study of the stannite-kesterite solid solution series]
journal, February 2007

Synthesis of Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ Nanocrystal Ink and Its Use for Solar Cells
journal, August 2009

Phase equilibria in the Cu2S–ZnS–SnS2 system
journal, April 2004

Effects of sodium on electrical properties in Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ single crystal
journal, April 2014

Grain boundary segregation in Fe–Mn–C twinning-induced plasticity steels studied by correlative electron backscatter diffraction and atom probe tomography
journal, January 2015

Multiwavelength excitation Raman scattering study of polycrystalline kesterite Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ thin films
journal, January 2014

Defect physics of the ${CuInSe}_{2}$ chalcopyrite semiconductor
journal, April 1998

Device characteristics of a 10.1% hydrazine-processed Cu2ZnSn(Se,S)4 solar cell: Characteristics of a 10.1% efficient kesterite solar cell
journal, September 2011

Preparation of Cu2ZnSnS4 single crystals from Sn solutions
journal, February 2012

Chemical Insights into the Instability of Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ Films during Annealing
journal, October 2011

Interplay between surface preparation and device performance in CZTSSe solar cells: Effects of KCN and NH4OH etching
journal, May 2015

Symmetry-dependence of electronic grain boundary properties in polycrystalline CuInSe ₂ thin films
journal, October 2011

Growth of Cu2ZnSnSe4 single crystals from Sn solutions
journal, September 2012

Strategic review of secondary phases, defects and defect-complexes in kesterite CZTS–Se solar cells
journal, January 2015

Kesterites-a challenging material for solar cells: Kesterites-a challenging material for solar cells
journal, February 2012

High-resolution work function imaging of single grains of semiconductor surfaces
journal, April 2002

Direct observation of Cu, Zn cation disorder in Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ solar cell absorber material using aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy : Aberration corrected STEM in Cu, Zn cation disorder in CZTS
journal, September 2012

Entropy-Driven Clustering in Tetrahedrally Bonded Multinary Materials
journal, March 2015

Thermodynamic Aspects of the Synthesis of Thin-Film Materials for Solar Cells
journal, April 2012

Band tailing and efficiency limitation in kesterite solar cells
journal, September 2013

Classification of Lattice Defects in the Kesterite Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄ and Cu ₂ ZnSnSe ₄ Earth-Abundant Solar Cell Absorbers
journal, February 2013

Defect formation and phase stability of ${Cu}_{2} {ZnSnS}_{4}$ photovoltaic material
journal, March 2010

Growth and Raman scattering characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films
journal, February 2009

The path towards a high-performance solution-processed kesterite solar cell
journal, June 2011

Cu-Zn disorder and band gap fluctuations in Cu ₂ ZnSn(S,Se) ₄ : Theoretical and experimental investigations (Phys. Status Solidi B 2/2016)
journal, February 2016