Determination of spin relaxation times in heavy metals via second-harmonic spin injection magnetoresistance
Abstract
In tunnel junctions between ferromagnets and heavy elements with strong spin orbit coupling the magnetoresistance is usually dominated by tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance (TAMR). This makes conventional DC spin injection techniques impractical for determining the spin relaxation time τs. Here, we show that this obstacle for measurements of τs can be overcome by second-harmonic spin-injection magnetoresistance (SIMR). In the second-harmonic signal the SIMR is comparable in magnitude to TAMR, thus enabling Hanle-induced SIMR as a powerful tool to directly determine τs. Using this approach we determined the spin relaxation time of Pt and Ta and their temperature dependences. In conclusion, the spin relaxation in Pt seems to be governed by the Elliott-Yafet mechanism due to a constant resistivity × spin relaxation time product over a wide temperature range.
- Authors:
-
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China); China and Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (China)
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Shanghai Univ., Shanghai (China)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Strategic Priority Research Program; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China (MOST); USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1480265
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1400330
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review B
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 96; Journal Issue: 13; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9950
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Citation Formats
Fang, C., Wan, C. H., Yang, B. S., Qin, J. Y., Tao, B. S., Wu, H., Zhang, X., Han, X. F., Hoffmann, A., Liu, X. M., and Jin, Z. M. Determination of spin relaxation times in heavy metals via second-harmonic spin injection magnetoresistance. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.96.134421.
Fang, C., Wan, C. H., Yang, B. S., Qin, J. Y., Tao, B. S., Wu, H., Zhang, X., Han, X. F., Hoffmann, A., Liu, X. M., & Jin, Z. M. Determination of spin relaxation times in heavy metals via second-harmonic spin injection magnetoresistance. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.134421
Fang, C., Wan, C. H., Yang, B. S., Qin, J. Y., Tao, B. S., Wu, H., Zhang, X., Han, X. F., Hoffmann, A., Liu, X. M., and Jin, Z. M. Thu .
"Determination of spin relaxation times in heavy metals via second-harmonic spin injection magnetoresistance". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.134421. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1480265.
@article{osti_1480265,
title = {Determination of spin relaxation times in heavy metals via second-harmonic spin injection magnetoresistance},
author = {Fang, C. and Wan, C. H. and Yang, B. S. and Qin, J. Y. and Tao, B. S. and Wu, H. and Zhang, X. and Han, X. F. and Hoffmann, A. and Liu, X. M. and Jin, Z. M.},
abstractNote = {In tunnel junctions between ferromagnets and heavy elements with strong spin orbit coupling the magnetoresistance is usually dominated by tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance (TAMR). This makes conventional DC spin injection techniques impractical for determining the spin relaxation time τs. Here, we show that this obstacle for measurements of τs can be overcome by second-harmonic spin-injection magnetoresistance (SIMR). In the second-harmonic signal the SIMR is comparable in magnitude to TAMR, thus enabling Hanle-induced SIMR as a powerful tool to directly determine τs. Using this approach we determined the spin relaxation time of Pt and Ta and their temperature dependences. In conclusion, the spin relaxation in Pt seems to be governed by the Elliott-Yafet mechanism due to a constant resistivity × spin relaxation time product over a wide temperature range.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.96.134421},
journal = {Physical Review B},
number = 13,
volume = 96,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Oct 19 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Thu Oct 19 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 12 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Critical effect of spin-dependent transport in a tunnel barrier on enhanced Hanle-type signals observed in three-terminal geometry
journal, September 2012
- Uemura, Tetsuya; Kondo, Kenji; Fujisawa, Jun
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 13
Current-induced torques and interfacial spin-orbit coupling
journal, December 2013
- Haney, Paul M.; Lee, Hyun-Woo; Lee, Kyung-Jin
- Physical Review B, Vol. 88, Issue 21
Electrical Detection of Spin Accumulation at a Ferromagnet-Semiconductor Interface
journal, May 2006
- Lou, X.; Adelmann, C.; Furis, M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 17
Spin Hall Effects in Metals
journal, October 2013
- Hoffmann, Axel
- IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 49, Issue 10
Opportunities at the Frontiers of Spintronics
journal, October 2015
- Hoffmann, Axel; Bader, Sam D.
- Physical Review Applied, Vol. 4, Issue 4
Conduction-electron spin flip by phonons in metals: Analysis of experimental data
journal, January 1979
- Monod, P.; Beuneu, F.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 19, Issue 2
Effective spin injection in Au film from Permalloy
journal, April 2006
- Ku, Jang-Hae; Chang, Joonyeon; Kim, Hijung
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 88, Issue 17
Temperature-Dependent Asymmetry of the Nonlocal Spin-Injection Resistance: Evidence for Spin Nonconserving Interface Scattering
journal, May 2005
- Garzon, Samir; Žutić, Igor; Webb, Richard A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 17
Spin precession and inverted Hanle effect in a semiconductor near a finite-roughness ferromagnetic interface
journal, August 2011
- Dash, S. P.; Sharma, S.; Le Breton, J. C.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 84, Issue 5
How reliable are Hanle measurements in metals in a three-terminal geometry?
journal, May 2013
- Txoperena, Oihana; Gobbi, Marco; Bedoya-Pinto, Amilcar
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 19
Effect of film Resistance on Low‐Impedance Tunneling Measurements
journal, January 1967
- Pedersen, R. J.; Vernon, F. L.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 1
Tunnel anisotropic magnetoresistance in CoFeB|MgO|Ta junctions
journal, August 2015
- Hatanaka, S.; Miwa, S.; Matsuda, K.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 8
Reduced spin-Hall effects from magnetic proximity
journal, March 2015
- Zhang, Wei; Jungfleisch, Matthias B.; Jiang, Wanjun
- Physical Review B, Vol. 91, Issue 11
Switching of a single ferromagnetic layer driven by spin Hall effect
journal, May 2013
- Finocchio, G.; Carpentieri, M.; Martinez, E.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 21
Anomalous Hall effect in and bilayers: Modification from spin-orbit coupling of heavy metals
journal, February 2016
- Meng, K. K.; Miao, J.; Xu, X. G.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 93, Issue 6
Perpendicular switching of a single ferromagnetic layer induced by in-plane current injection
journal, August 2011
- Miron, Ioan Mihai; Garello, Kevin; Gaudin, Gilles
- Nature, Vol. 476, Issue 7359
Detection and quantification of inverse spin Hall effect from spin pumping in permalloy/normal metal bilayers
journal, December 2010
- Mosendz, O.; Vlaminck, V.; Pearson, J. E.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 82, Issue 21
Enhanced spin-orbit torques in Pt/Co/Ta heterostructures
journal, November 2014
- Woo, Seonghoon; Mann, Maxwell; Tan, Aik Jun
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 21
Absence of detectable current-induced magneto-optical Kerr effects in Pt, Ta, and W
journal, October 2016
- Riego, Patricia; Vélez, Saül; Gomez-Perez, Juan M.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 17
Quantifying Spin Hall Angles from Spin Pumping: Experiments and Theory
journal, January 2010
- Mosendz, O.; Pearson, J. E.; Fradin, F. Y.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 4
Observation of Electron Spin Resonance in Copper
journal, July 1965
- Schultz, Sheldon; Latham, Clancy
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 4
Electrical spin injection and accumulation at room temperature in an all-metal mesoscopic spin valve
journal, March 2001
- Jedema, F. J.; Filip, A. T.; van Wees, B. J.
- Nature, Vol. 410, Issue 6826
Temperature coefficient of resistance of beta-tantalum films and mixtures with b.c.c.-tantalum
journal, December 1972
- Schwartz, Newton; Reed, W. A.; Polash, P.
- Thin Solid Films, Vol. 14, Issue 2
Structure and magnetism of Pd in Pd/Fe multilayers studied by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism at the Pd sedges
journal, February 1997
- Vogel, Jan; Fontaine, Alain; Cros, Vincent
- Physical Review B, Vol. 55, Issue 6
Tunneling Conductance of Asymmetrical Barriers
journal, April 1970
- Brinkman, W. F.; Dynes, R. C.; Rowell, J. M.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 41, Issue 5
Origin of the Tunnel Anisotropic Magnetoresistance in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions of II-VI/III-V Heterostructures
journal, August 2005
- Saito, H.; Yuasa, S.; Ando, K.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 95, Issue 8
Magnon-induced interband spin-flip scattering contribution to resistivity and magnetoresistance in a nanocrystalline itinerant-electron ferromagnet: Effect of crystallite size
journal, May 2017
- Madduri, P. V. Prakash; Kaul, S. N.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 18
Electrical injection and detection of spin-polarized carriers in silicon in a lateral transport geometry
journal, November 2007
- van ’t Erve, O. M. J.; Hanbicki, A. T.; Holub, M.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 91, Issue 21
Anisotropic tunneling magnetoresistance and tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance: Spin-orbit coupling in magnetic tunnel junctions
journal, April 2009
- Matos-Abiague, A.; Fabian, J.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 79, Issue 15
Spin Transmission Resonance: Theory and Experimental Results in Lithium Metal
journal, March 1967
- Lewis, Richard B.; Carver, Thomas R.
- Physical Review, Vol. 155, Issue 2
Field-free spin Hall effect driven magnetization switching in Pd/Co/IrMn exchange coupling system
journal, September 2016
- Kong, W. J.; Ji, Y. R.; Zhang, X.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 13
Accessing the fundamentals of magnetotransport in metals with terahertz probes
journal, July 2015
- Jin, Zuanming; Tkach, Alexander; Casper, Frederick
- Nature Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 9
Magnetoresistance due to Edge Spin Accumulation
journal, September 2007
- Dyakonov, M. I.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 12
Comparative measurements of inverse spin Hall effects and magnetoresistance in YIG/Pt and YIG/Ta
journal, May 2013
- Hahn, C.; de Loubens, G.; Klein, O.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 87, Issue 17
Hanle Magnetoresistance in Thin Metal Films with Strong Spin-Orbit Coupling
journal, January 2016
- Vélez, Saül; Golovach, Vitaly N.; Bedoya-Pinto, Amilcar
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 1
Electrical control over perpendicular magnetization switching driven by spin-orbit torques
journal, November 2016
- Zhang, X.; Wan, C. H.; Yuan, Z. H.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 17
Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications
journal, April 2004
- Žutić, Igor; Fabian, Jaroslav; Das Sarma, S.
- Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 76, Issue 2
Spin Pumping and Inverse Spin Hall Effect in Platinum: The Essential Role of Spin-Memory Loss at Metallic Interfaces
journal, March 2014
- Rojas-Sánchez, J. -C.; Reyren, N.; Laczkowski, P.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 10
Tunneling Anisotropic Magnetoresistance: A Spin-Valve-Like Tunnel Magnetoresistance Using a Single Magnetic Layer
journal, September 2004
- Gould, C.; Rüster, C.; Jungwirth, T.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 93, Issue 11
Preparation and properties of thin amorphous tantalum films formed by small e-beam evaporators
journal, June 2009
- Stella, Kevin; Bürstel, Damian; Franzka, Steffen
- Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 42, Issue 13
Nanosecond spin relaxation times in single layer graphene spin valves with hexagonal boron nitride tunnel barriers
journal, September 2016
- Singh, Simranjeet; Katoch, Jyoti; Xu, Jinsong
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 12
Interfacial charge-spin coupling: Injection and detection of spin magnetization in metals
journal, October 1985
- Johnson, Mark; Silsbee, R. H.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 55, Issue 17
A very pure thin film tantalum phase
journal, September 1971
- Schauer, A.; Peters, W.; Juergens, W.
- Thin Solid Films, Vol. 8, Issue 3
A new Structure in Tantalum thin Films
journal, August 1965
- Read, Mildred H.; Altman, Carl
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 3
Spin injection, diffusion, and detection in lateral spin-valves
journal, December 2004
- Ji, Y.; Hoffmann, A.; Jiang, J. S.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 85, Issue 25
Localization and electron-interaction effects in a two-dimensional metal with strong spin-orbit scattering: Pd films
journal, January 1984
- Markiewicz, R. S.; Rollins, C. J.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 29, Issue 2
Current-driven domain wall motion along high perpendicular anisotropy multilayers: The role of the Rashba field, the spin Hall effect, and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
journal, August 2013
- Martinez, Eduardo; Emori, Satoru; Beach, Geoffrey S. D.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 7
Enhanced spin injection polarization in Co∕Cu∕Co nonlocal lateral spin valves
journal, January 2006
- Ji, Y.; Hoffmann, A.; Pearson, J. E.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 88, Issue 5
Abnormal bias dependence of magnetoresistance in CoFeB/MgO/Si spin-injection tunnel contacts
journal, November 2015
- Park, June-Young; Baek, Seung-heon Chris; Park, Seung-Young
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 18
The relationship between deposition conditions, the beta to alpha phase transformation, and stress relaxation in tantalum thin films
journal, November 1992
- Clevenger, L. A.; Mutscheller, A.; Harper, J. M. E.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 72, Issue 10
Geometrically enhanced magnetoresistance in ferromagnet–insulator–ferromagnet tunnel junctions
journal, July 1996
- Moodera, J. S.; Kinder, L. R.; Nowak, J.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 69, Issue 5
Dependence of spin-pumping spin Hall effect measurements on layer thicknesses and stacking order
journal, August 2013
- Vlaminck, V.; Pearson, J. E.; Bader, S. D.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 88, Issue 6
Conditions for efficient spin injection from a ferromagnetic metal into a semiconductor
journal, October 2001
- Fert, A.; Jaffrès, H.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 64, Issue 18
Asymmetry in effective fields of spin-orbit torques in Pt/Co/Pt stacks
journal, January 2014
- Hin Sim, Cheow; Cheng Huang, Jian; Tran, Michael
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 1
Strain control magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Ta/FeCo/MgO heterostructures
journal, May 2015
- Ong, P. V.; Kioussis, Nicholas; Amiri, P. Khalili
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 117, Issue 17
Erratum: “Electrical spin accumulation with improved bias voltage dependence in a crystalline CoFe/MgO/Si system” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 262102 (2011)]
journal, November 2011
- Jeon, Kun-Rok; Min, Byoung-Chul; Shin, Il-Jae
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 19
Electron-magnon scattering and magnetic resistivity in ferromagnets
journal, July 2002
- Raquet, B.; Viret, M.; Sondergard, E.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 66, Issue 2
Symmetry and magnitude of spin–orbit torques in ferromagnetic heterostructures
journal, July 2013
- Garello, Kevin; Miron, Ioan Mihai; Avci, Can Onur
- Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 8, Issue 8
Layer-Resolved Magnetic Moments in Multilayers
journal, July 2000
- Wilhelm, F.; Poulopoulos, P.; Ceballos, G.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 85, Issue 2
Magnetization switching of an MgO/Co/Pt layer by in-plane current injection
journal, May 2012
- Onur Avci, Can; Garello, Kevin; Mihai Miron, Ioan
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 21
Transport Magnetic Proximity Effects in Platinum
journal, September 2012
- Huang, S. Y.; Fan, X.; Qu, D.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 10
Current-induced torques in structures with ultrathin IrMn antiferromagnets
journal, October 2015
- Reichlová, H.; Kriegner, D.; Holý, V.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 92, Issue 16
Methods for processing tantalum films of controlled microstructures and properties
journal, September 2006
- Narayan, J.; Bhosle, V.; Tiwari, A.
- Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 24, Issue 5
Electrical creation of spin polarization in silicon at room temperature
journal, November 2009
- Dash, Saroj P.; Sharma, Sandeep; Patel, Ram S.
- Nature, Vol. 462, Issue 7272
Spin Hall effect tunnelling spectroscopy
journal, July 2014
- Liu, Luqiao; Chen, Ching-Tzu; Sun, J. Z.
- Nature Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 8
Anomalous Nernst and Hall effects in magnetized platinum and palladium
journal, June 2014
- Guo, G. Y.; Niu, Q.; Nagaosa, N.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 89, Issue 21
Spin-injection experiment
journal, April 1988
- Johnson, Mark; Silsbee, R. H.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 37, Issue 10
Determination of the Pt spin diffusion length by spin-pumping and spin Hall effect
journal, December 2013
- Zhang, Wei; Vlaminck, Vincent; Pearson, John E.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 24
Direct Measurement of the Conduction Electron Spin-Lattice Relaxation Time in Gold
journal, October 1996
- Elezzabi, A. Y.; Freeman, M. R.; Johnson, Mark
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 77, Issue 15
Hanle magnetoresistance: The role of edge spin accumulation and interfacial spin current
journal, November 2016
- Wu, H.; Zhang, X.; Wan, C. H.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 17
Electrical detection of spin precession in a metallic mesoscopic spin valve
journal, April 2002
- Jedema, F. J.; Heersche, H. B.; Filip, A. T.
- Nature, Vol. 416, Issue 6882
Anisotropic tunneling magnetoresistance and tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance: Spin-orbit coupling in magnetic tunnel junctions
text, January 2009
- Matos-Abiague, Alex; Fabian, Jaroslav
- Universität Regensburg
Spintronics: fundamentals and applications
text, January 2004
- Zutic, Igor; Fabian, Jaroslav; Sarma, S. Das
- Universität Regensburg
Quantifying spin Hall angles from spin pumping: Experiments and Theory
text, January 2009
- Mosendz, O.; Pearson, J. E.; Fradin, F. Y.
- arXiv
Detection and quantification of inverse spin Hall effect from spin pumping in permalloy/normal metal bilayers
text, January 2010
- Mosendz, O.; Vlaminck, V.; Pearson, J. E.
- arXiv
Comparative Measurements of Inverse Spin Hall and Magnetoresistance in YIG|Pt and YIG|Ta
text, January 2013
- Hahn, Christian; De Loubens, Grégoire; Klein, Olivier
- arXiv
Dependence of spin pumping spin Hall effect measurements on layer thicknesses and stacking order
text, January 2013
- Vlaminck, Vincent; Pearson, John E.; Bader, Sam D.
- arXiv
Switching of a single ferromagnetic layer driven by spin Hall effect
text, January 2013
- Finocchio, G.; Carpentieri, M.; Martinez, E.
- arXiv
Spin Pumping and Inverse Spin Hall Effect in Platinum: The Essential Role of Spin-Memory Loss at Metallic Interfaces
text, January 2013
- Rojas-Sánchez, J. -C.; Reyren, N.; Laczkowski, P.
- arXiv
Hanle Magnetoresistance in Thin Metal Films with Strong Spin-Orbit Coupling
text, January 2015
- Vélez, Saül; Golovach, Vitaly N.; Bedoya-Pinto, Amilcar
- arXiv
Nanosecond spin relaxation times in single layer graphene spin valves with hexagonal boron nitride tunnel barriers
text, January 2016
- Singh, Simranjeet; Katoch, Jyoti; Xu, Jinsong
- arXiv
Electrical Detection of Spin Accumulation at a Ferromagnet-Semiconductor Interface
text, January 2006
- Lou, X.; Adelmann, C.; Furis, M.
- arXiv
Works referencing / citing this record:
Room temperature spin injection into SiC via Schottky barrier
journal, November 2018
- Huang, L.; Wu, H.; Liu, P.
- Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 22