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Title: Isolating the effects of reactivity stratification in reactivity-controlled compression ignition with iso-octane and n-heptane on a light-duty multi-cylinder engine

Abstract

Reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) is a dual-fuel variant of low-temperature combustion that uses in-cylinder fuel stratification to control the rate of reactions occurring during combustion. Using fuels of varying reactivity (autoignition propensity), gradients of reactivity can be established within the charge, allowing for control over combustion phasing and duration for high efficiency while achieving low NOx and soot emissions. In practice, this is typically accomplished by premixing a low-reactivity fuel, such as gasoline, with early port or direct injection, and by direct injecting a high-reactivity fuel, such as diesel, at an intermediate timing before top dead center. Both the relative quantity and the timing of the injection(s) of high-reactivity fuel can be used to tailor the combustion process and thereby the efficiency and emissions under RCCI. While many combinations of high- and low-reactivity fuels have been successfully demonstrated to enable RCCI, there is a lack of fundamental understanding of what properties, chemical or physical, are most important or desirable for extending operation to both lower and higher loads and reducing emissions of unreacted fuel and CO. This is partly due to the fact that important variables such as temperature, equivalence ratio, and reactivity change simultaneously in both a local andmore » a global sense with changes in the injection of the high-reactivity fuel. This study uses primary reference fuels iso-octane and n-heptane, which have similar physical properties but much different autoignition properties, to create both external and in-cylinder fuel blends that allow for the effects of reactivity stratification to be isolated and quantified. This study is part of a collaborative effort with researchers at Sandia National Laboratories who are investigating the same fuels and conditions of interest in an optical engine. Furthermore, this collaboration aims to improve our fundamental understanding of what fuel properties are required to further develop advanced combustion modes.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [2];  [3]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  2. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
  3. Univ. d'Orleans, Orleans (France)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Sustainable Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office
OSTI Identifier:
1399570
Report Number(s):
SAND-2017-9444J
Journal ID: ISSN 1468-0874; 656713
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC04-94AL85000
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
International Journal of Engine Research
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 19; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 1468-0874
Publisher:
SAGE
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS

Citation Formats

Wissink, Martin L., Curran, Scott J., Roberts, Greg, Musculus, Mark P. B., and Mounaim-Rousselle, Christine. Isolating the effects of reactivity stratification in reactivity-controlled compression ignition with iso-octane and n-heptane on a light-duty multi-cylinder engine. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1177/1468087417732898.
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Wissink, Martin L., Curran, Scott J., Roberts, Greg, Musculus, Mark P. B., & Mounaim-Rousselle, Christine. Isolating the effects of reactivity stratification in reactivity-controlled compression ignition with iso-octane and n-heptane on a light-duty multi-cylinder engine. United States. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087417732898
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Wissink, Martin L., Curran, Scott J., Roberts, Greg, Musculus, Mark P. B., and Mounaim-Rousselle, Christine. Mon . "Isolating the effects of reactivity stratification in reactivity-controlled compression ignition with iso-octane and n-heptane on a light-duty multi-cylinder engine". United States. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087417732898. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1399570.
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@article{osti_1399570,
title = {Isolating the effects of reactivity stratification in reactivity-controlled compression ignition with iso-octane and n-heptane on a light-duty multi-cylinder engine},
author = {Wissink, Martin L. and Curran, Scott J. and Roberts, Greg and Musculus, Mark P. B. and Mounaim-Rousselle, Christine},
abstractNote = {Reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) is a dual-fuel variant of low-temperature combustion that uses in-cylinder fuel stratification to control the rate of reactions occurring during combustion. Using fuels of varying reactivity (autoignition propensity), gradients of reactivity can be established within the charge, allowing for control over combustion phasing and duration for high efficiency while achieving low NOx and soot emissions. In practice, this is typically accomplished by premixing a low-reactivity fuel, such as gasoline, with early port or direct injection, and by direct injecting a high-reactivity fuel, such as diesel, at an intermediate timing before top dead center. Both the relative quantity and the timing of the injection(s) of high-reactivity fuel can be used to tailor the combustion process and thereby the efficiency and emissions under RCCI. While many combinations of high- and low-reactivity fuels have been successfully demonstrated to enable RCCI, there is a lack of fundamental understanding of what properties, chemical or physical, are most important or desirable for extending operation to both lower and higher loads and reducing emissions of unreacted fuel and CO. This is partly due to the fact that important variables such as temperature, equivalence ratio, and reactivity change simultaneously in both a local and a global sense with changes in the injection of the high-reactivity fuel. This study uses primary reference fuels iso-octane and n-heptane, which have similar physical properties but much different autoignition properties, to create both external and in-cylinder fuel blends that allow for the effects of reactivity stratification to be isolated and quantified. This study is part of a collaborative effort with researchers at Sandia National Laboratories who are investigating the same fuels and conditions of interest in an optical engine. Furthermore, this collaboration aims to improve our fundamental understanding of what fuel properties are required to further develop advanced combustion modes.},
doi = {10.1177/1468087417732898},
journal = {International Journal of Engine Research},
number = 9,
volume = 19,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Oct 09 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Mon Oct 09 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
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Journal Article:
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Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087417732898
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Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 18 works
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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: Landscape of advanced compression ignition combustion strategies aimed at achieving low-temperature combustion with gasoline and diesel fuel (adapted from Dempsey et al.1).
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Works referenced in this record:

Progress and recent trends in reactivity-controlled compression ignition engines
journal, July 2015

  • Paykani, Amin; Kakaee, Amir-Hasan; Rahnama, Pourya
  • International Journal of Engine Research, Vol. 17, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1177/1468087415593013

Compendium of Experimental Cetane Numbers
report, August 2014

Analysis of the Impact of Selected Fuel Thermochemical Properties on Internal Combustion Engine Efficiency
journal, December 2011

  • Szybist, James P.; Chakravathy, Kalyana; Daw, C. Stuart
  • Energy & Fuels, Vol. 26, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1021/ef2019879

Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Drive Cycle Emissions and Fuel Economy Estimations Using Vehicle Systems Simulations with E30 and ULSD
journal, April 2014

  • Curran, Scott; Gao, Zhiming; Wagner, Robert
  • SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 7, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.4271/2014-01-1324

Characterization of Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) Using Premixed Gasoline and Direct-Injected Gasoline with a Cetane Improver on a Multi-Cylinder Engine
journal, January 2015

  • Dempsey, Adam B.; Curran, Scott; Reitz, Rolf D.
  • SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 8, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.4271/2015-01-0855

Density and Viscosity Measurements of 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (Isooctane) from 198 K to 348 K and up to 100 MPa
journal, January 1996

  • Pádua, A. A. H.; Fareleira, J. M. N. A.; Calado, J. C. G.
  • Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Vol. 41, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1021/je950191z

The Effects of Charge Preparation, Fuel Stratification, and Premixed Fuel Chemistry on Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) Combustion
journal, February 2017

  • DelVescovo, Dan; Kokjohn, Sage; Reitz, Rolf
  • SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 10, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.4271/2017-01-0773

Investigation of Fuel Reactivity Stratification for Controlling PCI Heat-Release Rates Using High-Speed Chemiluminescence Imaging and Fuel Tracer Fluorescence
journal, January 2012

  • Kokjohn, Sage; Reitz, Rolf D.; Splitter, Derek
  • SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 5, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.4271/2012-01-0375

RCCI Combustion Regime Transitions in a Single-Cylinder Optical Engine and a Multi-Cylinder Metal Engine
journal, February 2017

  • Roberts, Gregory; Rousselle, Christine Mounaim; Musculus, Mark
  • SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 10, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.4271/2017-24-0088

Effect of Premixed Fuel Preparation for Partially Premixed Combustion With a Low Octane Gasoline on a Light-Duty Multicylinder Compression Ignition Engine
journal, November 2015

  • Dempsey, Adam B.; Curran, Scott; Wagner, Robert
  • Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 137, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1115/1.4030281

Effect of Piston Bowl Geometry on Dual Fuel Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) in a Light-Duty Engine Operated with Gasoline/Diesel and Methanol/Diesel
journal, April 2013

  • Dempsey, Adam B.; Walker, N. Ryan; Reitz, Rolf D.
  • SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 6, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.4271/2013-01-0264

Heavy-Duty RCCI Operation Using Natural Gas and Diesel
journal, January 2012

  • Nieman, Derek E.; Dempsey, Adam B.; Reitz, Rolf D.
  • SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 5, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.4271/2012-01-0379

Clean combustion enabling with ethanol on a dual-fuel compression ignition engine
journal, March 2015

  • Han, Xiaoye; Zheng, Ming; Tjong, Jimi
  • International Journal of Engine Research, Vol. 16, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1177/1468087415575646

Boosted HCCI - Controlling Pressure-Rise Rates for Performance Improvements using Partial Fuel Stratification with Conventional Gasoline
journal, April 2011

  • Dec, John E.; Yang, Yi; Dronniou, Nicolas
  • SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 4, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.4271/2011-01-0897

Surface Tension of Heptane, Decane, Hexadecane, Eicosane, and Some of Their Binary Mixtures
journal, September 2002

  • Rolo, Lara I.; Caço, Ana I.; Queimada, António J.
  • Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Vol. 47, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1021/je025536+

The Contribution of Lubricant to the Formation of Particulate Matter with Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition in Light-Duty Diesel Engines
journal, December 2014

  • Storey, John; Curran, Scott; Dempsey, Adam
  • Emission Control Science and Technology, Vol. 1, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1007/s40825-014-0007-2

Comparison of Compression Ignition Engine Noise Metrics in Low-Temperature Combustion Regimes
journal, April 2013

  • Shahlari, Arsham J.; Hocking, Chris; Kurtz, Eric
  • SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 6, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.4271/2013-01-1659

Fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI): a pathway to controlled high-efficiency clean combustion
journal, June 2011

  • Kokjohn, S. L.; Hanson, R. M.; Splitter, D. A.
  • International Journal of Engine Research, Vol. 12, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1177/1468087411401548

Review of high efficiency and clean reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion in internal combustion engines
journal, February 2015

A perspective on the range of gasoline compression ignition combustion strategies for high engine efficiency and low NOx and soot emissions: Effects of in-cylinder fuel stratification
journal, July 2016

  • Dempsey, Adam B.; Curran, Scott J.; Wagner, Robert M.
  • International Journal of Engine Research, Vol. 17, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1177/1468087415621805
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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Impacts of Air-Fuel Stratification in ACI Combustion on Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emissions
    journal, May 2019

    • Moses-DeBusk, Melanie; Curran, Scott J.; Lewis, Samuel A.
    • Emission Control Science and Technology, Vol. 5, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.1007/s40825-019-00122-5

    Multi-objective optimizations of the boot injection strategy for reactivity controlled compression ignition engines
    journal, August 2018

    • Yazdani, Kaveh; Amani, Ehsan; Naderan, Hamid
    • International Journal of Engine Research, Vol. 20, Issue 8-9
    • DOI: 10.1177/1468087418795599
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      Figures / Tables found in this record:

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