Design and synthesis of thieno[3,4‐ c ]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione based conjugated copolymers for organic solar cells

Kotturappa, Chandrashekara G.; Gopikrishna, Murali M.; Rao, Arun D.; Ramamurthy, Praveen C.

doi:10.1002/pi.5377

Title: Design and synthesis of thieno[3,4‐ c ]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione based conjugated copolymers for organic solar cells

Abstract

Abstract A new series of conjugated copolymers ( PBDT‐TPD , PBDT ‐Th‐ TPD , PBDT‐TT‐TPD ) containing donor–acceptor (D − A) structure electron‐rich benzo[1,2‐ b :4,5‐ b ′]dithiophene ( BDT ) units with branched alkyl thiophene side chains and electron‐deficient 5‐(2‐octyl)‐4 H ‐thieno[3,4‐ c ]pyrrole‐4,6(5 H )‐dione (TPD) units was designed and synthesized. To tune the optical and electrochemical properties of the copolymers, the conjugation length of the copolymers was extended by introducing π‐conjugated spacers such as thiophene and thieno[3,2‐ b ]thiophene units. It was observed that PBDT‐TPD showed broader absorption spectra in the longer wavelength region and the absorption maximum was red‐shifted compared to that of PBDT‐Th‐TPD, PBDT‐TT‐TPD. Stokes shifts were calculated to be 52 nm for PBDT‐TPD, 153 nm for PBDT‐Th‐TPD and 146 nm for PBDT‐TT‐TPD. Further, PBDT‐TPD exhibited a deeper highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of −5.53 eV as calculated by cyclic voltammetry. Bulk heterojunction solar cells fabricated using PBDT‐TPD as donor material exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 1.92%. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

Authors:

^[1]; Gopikrishna, Murali M. ^[1]; Rao, Arun D. ^[1];

^[2]

Department of Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India
Department of Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India, Center for Nanoscience and Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India

Publication Date:: Tue May 09 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1398069

Resource Type:: Publisher's Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Polymer International

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Polymer International Journal Volume: 66 Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 0959-8103

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

Citation Formats


                    Kotturappa, Chandrashekara G., Gopikrishna, Murali M., Rao, Arun D., and Ramamurthy, Praveen C. Design and synthesis of thieno[3,4‐ c ]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione based conjugated copolymers for organic solar cells.  United Kingdom: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1002/pi.5377.

Copy to clipboard


                    Kotturappa, Chandrashekara G., Gopikrishna, Murali M., Rao, Arun D., & Ramamurthy, Praveen C. Design and synthesis of thieno[3,4‐ c ]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione based conjugated copolymers for organic solar cells.  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.5377

Copy to clipboard


                    Kotturappa, Chandrashekara G., Gopikrishna, Murali M., Rao, Arun D., and Ramamurthy, Praveen C. Tue .  
"Design and synthesis of thieno[3,4‐ c ]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione based conjugated copolymers for organic solar cells".  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.5377.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1398069,

  title        = {Design and synthesis of thieno[3,4‐ c ]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione based conjugated copolymers for organic solar cells},

  author       = {Kotturappa, Chandrashekara G. and Gopikrishna, Murali M. and Rao, Arun D. and Ramamurthy, Praveen C.},

  abstractNote = {Abstract A new series of conjugated copolymers ( PBDT‐TPD , PBDT ‐Th‐ TPD , PBDT‐TT‐TPD ) containing donor–acceptor (D − A) structure electron‐rich benzo[1,2‐ b :4,5‐ b ′]dithiophene ( BDT ) units with branched alkyl thiophene side chains and electron‐deficient 5‐(2‐octyl)‐4 H ‐thieno[3,4‐ c ]pyrrole‐4,6(5 H )‐dione (TPD) units was designed and synthesized. To tune the optical and electrochemical properties of the copolymers, the conjugation length of the copolymers was extended by introducing π‐conjugated spacers such as thiophene and thieno[3,2‐ b ]thiophene units. It was observed that PBDT‐TPD showed broader absorption spectra in the longer wavelength region and the absorption maximum was red‐shifted compared to that of PBDT‐Th‐TPD, PBDT‐TT‐TPD. Stokes shifts were calculated to be 52 nm for PBDT‐TPD, 153 nm for PBDT‐Th‐TPD and 146 nm for PBDT‐TT‐TPD. Further, PBDT‐TPD exhibited a deeper highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of −5.53 eV as calculated by cyclic voltammetry. Bulk heterojunction solar cells fabricated using PBDT‐TPD as donor material exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 1.92%. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry},

  doi          = {10.1002/pi.5377},

  journal      = {Polymer International},

  number       = 8,

  volume       = 66,

  place        = {United Kingdom},

  year         = {Tue May 09 00:00:00 EDT 2017},

  month        = {Tue May 09 00:00:00 EDT 2017}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.5377

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 2 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Ring Substituents Mediate the Morphology of PBDTTPD-PCBM Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells
journal, March 2014

Warnan, Julien; El Labban, Abdulrahman; Cabanetos, Clément
Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1021/cm500172w

Low-Bandgap Near-IR Conjugated Polymers/Molecules for Organic Electronics
journal, August 2015

Dou, Letian; Liu, Yongsheng; Hong, Ziruo
Chemical Reviews, Vol. 115, Issue 23
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00165

Enhancing the power conversion efficiency of polymer solar cells to 9.26% by a synergistic effect of fluoro and carboxylate substitution
journal, January 2016

Liu, Yahui; Zhao, Wenchao; Wu, Yang
Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 4, Issue 21
DOI: 10.1039/C6TA02622B

Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of D–A Copolymers Based on Dithienosilole and Benzotriazole
journal, October 2011

Min, Jie; Zhang, Zhi-Guo; Zhang, Siyuan
Macromolecules, Vol. 44, Issue 19
DOI: 10.1021/ma201673m

Non-fullerene polymer solar cells based on a selenophene-containing fused-ring acceptor with photovoltaic performance of 8.6%
journal, January 2016

Li, Yongxi; Zhong, Lian; Wu, Fu-Peng
Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1039/C6EE00315J

Effects of π-Conjugated Bridges on Photovoltaic Properties of Donor-π-Acceptor Conjugated Copolymers
journal, January 2012

Wang, Xiaochen; Sun, Yeping; Chen, Song
Macromolecules, Vol. 45, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1021/ma202656b

Highly Conjugated Side-Chain-Substituted Benzo[1,2- b :4,5- b ′]dithiophene-Based Conjugated Polymers for Use in Polymer Solar Cells
journal, December 2013

Chung, Ha-Seul; Lee, Woo-Hyung; Song, Chang Eun
Macromolecules, Vol. 47, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1021/ma402245t

Narrow band gap conjugated polymer for improving the photovoltaic performance of P3HT:PCBM ternary blend bulk heterojunction solar cells
journal, January 2015

Murali, M. G.; Rao, Arun D.; Yadav, Sarita
Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 6, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1039/C4PY01274G

Donor−Acceptor Polymers Incorporating Alkylated Dithienylbenzothiadiazole for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: Pronounced Effect of Positioning Alkyl Chains
journal, January 2010

Zhou, Huaxing; Yang, Liqiang; Xiao, Shengqiang
Macromolecules, Vol. 43, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1021/ma902241b

Hyperconjugated side chained benzodithiophene and 4,7-di-2-thienyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole based polymer for solar cells
journal, January 2014

Liu, Qian; Bao, Xichang; Wen, Shuguang
Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 5, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1039/c3py01529g

Effect of multi-armed triphenylamine-based hole transporting materials for high performance perovskite solar cells
journal, January 2016

Park, Sungmin; Heo, Jin Hyuck; Yun, Jae Hoon
Chemical Science, Vol. 7, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1039/C6SC00876C

Molecular Design toward Highly Efficient Photovoltaic Polymers Based on Two-Dimensional Conjugated Benzodithiophene
journal, April 2014

Ye, Long; Zhang, Shaoqing; Huo, Lijun
Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 47, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1021/ar5000743

Multicolor Fluorescent Polymers Inspired from Green Fluorescent Protein
journal, August 2015

Deng, Hongping; Su, Yue; Hu, Minxi
Macromolecules, Vol. 48, Issue 16
DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01166

Electrochemical properties of luminescent polymers and polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells
journal, February 1999

Li, Yongfang; Cao, Yong; Gao, Jun
Synthetic Metals, Vol. 99, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1016/S0379-6779(99)00007-7

Stability of organic solar cells: challenges and strategies
journal, January 2016

Cheng, Pei; Zhan, Xiaowei
Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 45, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1039/C5CS00593K

C-N cross coupling approach synthesis and electronic properties of donor-acceptor oligomer
journal, March 2016

Kundu, Rajen; Kulshreshtha, Chandramouli
ChemistrySelect, Vol. 1, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600033

Benzo[1,2- b :4,5- b ′]dithiophene–Pyrido[3,4- b ]pyrazine Small-Molecule Donors for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
journal, February 2016

Wolf, Jannic; Babics, Maxime; Wang, Kai
Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04726

Diketopyrrolopyrrole Polymers for Organic Solar Cells
journal, December 2015

Li, Weiwei; Hendriks, Koen H.; Wienk, Martijn M.
Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 49, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00334

Mechanical Properties of a Library of Low-Band-Gap Polymers
journal, March 2016

Roth, Bérenger; Savagatrup, Suchol; V. de los Santos, Nathaniel
Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00525

Recent Advances in Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells
journal, August 2015

Lu, Luyao; Zheng, Tianyue; Wu, Qinghe
Chemical Reviews, Vol. 115, Issue 23
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00098

25th Anniversary Article: A Decade of Organic/Polymeric Photovoltaic Research
journal, September 2013

Dou, Letian; You, Jingbi; Hong, Ziruo
Advanced Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 46
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201302563

Synthesis, photophysics, and photovoltaic properties of low-band gap conjugated polymers based on thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione: a combined experimental and computational study
journal, January 2012

Lin, Zhenghuan; Bjorgaard, Josiah; Gul Yavuz, Ayse
RSC Adv., Vol. 2, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1039/C1RA00570G

Effects of heteroatom substitution in spiro-bifluorene hole transport materials
journal, January 2016

Hu, Zhao; Fu, Weifei; Yan, Lijia
Chemical Science, Vol. 7, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1039/C6SC00973E

Tandem Solar Cells from Accessible Low Band-Gap Polymers Using an Efficient Interconnecting Layer
journal, December 2015

Bag, Santanu; Patel, Romesh J.; Bunha, Ajaykumar
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 8, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10170

Improving the long-term stability of PBDTTPD polymer solar cells through material purification aimed at removing organic impurities
journal, January 2013

Mateker, William R.; Douglas, Jessica D.; Cabanetos, Clément
Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 6, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1039/c3ee41328d

Structural Design of Benzo[1,2- b :4,5- b ′]dithiophene-Based 2D Conjugated Polymers with Bithienyl and Terthienyl Substituents toward Photovoltaic Applications
journal, January 2014

Kuo, Cheng-Yu; Nie, Wanyi; Tsai, Hsinhan
Macromolecules, Vol. 47, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1021/ma401846n

An Electron Acceptor Challenging Fullerenes for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells
journal, January 2015

Lin, Yuze; Wang, Jiayu; Zhang, Zhi-Guo
Advanced Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404317

Benzobis(silolothiophene)-Based Low Bandgap Polymers for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells ^†
journal, February 2011

Wang, Jie-Yu; Hau, Steven K.; Yip, Hin-Lap
Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1021/cm1020228

Dopant-free polymeric hole transport materials for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
journal, January 2016

Kim, Guan-Woo; Kang, Gyeongho; Kim, Jinseck
Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1039/C6EE00709K

Synthesis and Characterization of Bridged Bithiophene-Based Conjugated Polymers for Photovoltaic Applications: Acceptor Strength and Ternary Blends
journal, January 2010

Chen, Chiu-Hsiang; Hsieh, Chao-Hsiang; Dubosc, Martin
Macromolecules, Vol. 43, Issue 2, p. 697-708
DOI: 10.1021/ma902206u

Synthesis of alternating D–A1–D–A2 terpolymers comprising two electron-deficient moieties, quinoxaline and benzothiadiazole units for photovoltaic applications
journal, January 2016

Keshtov, M. L.; Khokhlov, A. R.; Kuklin, S. A.
Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 7, Issue 24
DOI: 10.1039/C6PY00652C

Efficiency enhancement in an indacenodithiophene and thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione backbone photovoltaic polymer with an extended thieno[3,2-b]thiophene π-bridge
journal, January 2016

Zheng, Huilin; Wang, Jiuxing; Chen, Weiye
Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 4, Issue 26
DOI: 10.1039/C6TC01238H

Thieno[3,2- b ]thiophene-Bridged D−π–A Polymer Semiconductor Based on Benzo[1,2- b :4,5- b ′]dithiophene and Benzoxadiazole
journal, June 2013

Wang, Xiaochen; Jiang, Pei; Chen, Yu
Macromolecules, Vol. 46, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1021/ma4005555

An efficient method to achieve a balanced open circuit voltage and short circuit current density in polymer solar cells
journal, January 2016

Dang, Dongfeng; Zhou, Pei; Duan, Linrui
Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 4, Issue 21
DOI: 10.1039/C6TA02298G

Development of polymer–fullerene solar cells
journal, April 2016

Zhang, Fengling; Inganäs, Olle; Zhou, Yinhua
National Science Review, Vol. 3, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nww020

Controlling the morphology and hole mobility of terpolymers for polymer solar cells
journal, January 2016

Guo, Huan; Shen, Tianpei; Wu, Fen
RSC Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 16
DOI: 10.1039/C5RA23863C

Influential effects of π-spacers, alkyl side chains, and various processing conditions on the photovoltaic properties of alkylselenyl substituted benzodithiophene based polymers
journal, January 2015

Kranthiraja, Kakaraparthi; Gunasekar, Kumarasamy; Cho, Woosum
Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 3, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1039/C4TC02092H

Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: Morphology and Performance Relationships
journal, May 2014

Huang, Ye; Kramer, Edward J.; Heeger, Alan J.
Chemical Reviews, Vol. 114, Issue 14
DOI: 10.1021/cr400353v

Thieno, Furo, and Selenopheno[3,4- c ]pyrrole-4,6-dione Copolymers: Air-Processed Polymer Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiency up to 7.1%
journal, September 2015

Najari, Ahmed; Beaupré, Serge; Allard, Nicolas
Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 23
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201501213

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Marked Consequences of Systematic Oligothiophene Catenation in Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione and Bithiopheneimide Photovoltaic Copolymers

Journal Article Zhou, Nanjia ; Guo, Xugang ; Ortiz, Rocio Ponce ; ... - Journal of the American Chemical Society

As effective building blocks for high-mobility transistor polymers, oligothiophenes are receiving attention for polymer solar cells (PSCs) because the resulting polymers can effectively suppress charge recombination. In this work we investigate two series of in-chain donor–acceptor copolymers, PTPDnT and PBTInT, based on thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) or bithiopheneimide (BTI) as electron acceptor units, respectively, and oligothiophenes (nTs) as donor counits, for high-performance PSCs. Intramolecular S···O interaction leads to more planar TPD polymer backbones, however backbone torsion yields greater open-circuit voltages for BTI polymers. Thiophene addition progressively raises polymer HOMOs but marginally affects their band gaps. FT-Raman spectra indicate that PTPDnT and PBTInT conjugation lengths scale with nT catenation up tomore »« less
Cited by 84
https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b06462

Full Text Available
Marked Consequences of Systematic Oligothiophene Catenation in Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione and Bithiopheneimide Photovoltaic Copolymers

Journal Article Zhou, Nanjia ; Guo, Xugang ; Ponce Ortiz, Rocio ; ... - Journal of the American Chemical Society

As effective building blocks for high-mobility transistor polymers, oligothiophenes are receiving attention for polymer solar cells (PSCs) because the resulting polymers can effectively suppress charge recombination. In this work we investigate two series of in-chain donor–acceptor copolymers, PTPDnT and PBTInT, based on thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) or bithiopheneimide (BTI) as electron acceptor units, respectively, and oligothiophenes (nTs) as donor counits, for high-performance PSCs. Intramolecular S···O interaction leads to more planar TPD polymer backbones, however backbone torsion yields greater open-circuit voltages for BTI polymers. Thiophene addition progressively raises polymer HOMOs but marginally affects their band gaps. FT-Raman spectra indicate that PTPDnT and PBTInT conjugation lengths scale with nT catenation up tomore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b06462
Mapping Nonfullerene Acceptors with a Novel Wide Bandgap Polymer for High Performance Polymer Solar Cells

Journal Article Liao, Xunfan ; Yao, Zhaoyang ; Gao, Ke ; ... - Advanced Energy Materials

Abstract A new weak electron‐deficient building block, bis(2‐ethylhexyl) 2,5‐bis(5‐bromothiophen‐2‐yl) thieno[3,2‐ b ]thiophene‐3,6‐dicarboxylate ( TT‐Th ), is incorporated to construct a wide‐bandgap (1.88 eV) polymer PBDT‐TT for nonfullerene polymer solar cells (NF‐PSCs). PBDT‐TT possesses suitable energy levels and complementary absorption when blended with both ITIC analogues ( ITIC and IT‐M ) and a near‐infrared (NIR) acceptor ( 6TIC ). Moreover, PBDT‐TT exhibits good conjugated planarity and preferable face‐on orientation in the blended thin film, which are beneficial for charge transfer and carrier transport. The PSCs based on PBDT‐TT : IT‐M and PBDT‐TT : 6TIC blend films yield high power conversion efficienciesmore »« less
Cited by 44
https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201801214
High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells Based on a Wide-Bandgap Polymer Containing Pyrrolo[3,4-f]benzotriazole-5,7-dione with a Power Conversion Efficiency of 8.63%

Journal Article Lan, Liuyuan ; Chen, Zhiming ; Hu, Qin ; ... - Advanced Science

A novel donor–acceptor type conjugated polymer based on a building block of 4,8-di(thien-2-yl)-6-octyl-2-octyl-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-f]benzotriazole-5,7(6H)-dione (TZBI) as the acceptor unit and 4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene as the donor unit, named as PTZBIBDT, is developed and used as an electron-donating material in bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells. The resulting copolymer exhibits a wide bandgap of 1.81 eV along with relatively deep highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of -5.34 eV. Based on the optimized processing conditions, including thermal annealing, and the use of a water/alcohol cathode interlayer, the single-junction polymer solar cell based on PTZBIBDT:PC71BM ([6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester) blend film affords a power conversion efficiency ofmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201600032
Fine Tuning of Open-Circuit Voltage by Chlorination in Thieno[3,4- b ]thiophene–Benzodithiophene Terpolymers toward Enhanced Solar Energy Conversion

Journal Article Qu, Shiwei ; Wang, Huan ; Mo, Daize ; ... - Macromolecules

A new family of thieno[3,4-b]thiophene benzodithiophene terpolymers (PBTClx) have been designed and synthesized, in which the chlorine/fluorine content has been adjusted and optimized. As the content of chlorine is increased in polymers, the twist angle between the donor and acceptor is increased, which leads to a diminishment in the planarity and conjugation. As a result, the UV vis absorption is continuous blue-shifted, and the band gap increases from 1.57 to 2.04 eV when the chlorinated moieties increased from 0 to 100%. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels of those polymers are decreased by increasing the content of chlorinated moiety,more »« less
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00785

Similar Records

Title: Design and synthesis of thieno[3,4‐ c ]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione based conjugated copolymers for organic solar cells

Abstract

Citation Formats

Ring Substituents Mediate the Morphology of PBDTTPD-PCBM Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells journal, March 2014

Low-Bandgap Near-IR Conjugated Polymers/Molecules for Organic Electronics journal, August 2015

Enhancing the power conversion efficiency of polymer solar cells to 9.26% by a synergistic effect of fluoro and carboxylate substitution journal, January 2016

Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of D–A Copolymers Based on Dithienosilole and Benzotriazole journal, October 2011

Non-fullerene polymer solar cells based on a selenophene-containing fused-ring acceptor with photovoltaic performance of 8.6% journal, January 2016

Effects of π-Conjugated Bridges on Photovoltaic Properties of Donor-π-Acceptor Conjugated Copolymers journal, January 2012

Highly Conjugated Side-Chain-Substituted Benzo[1,2- b :4,5- b ′]dithiophene-Based Conjugated Polymers for Use in Polymer Solar Cells journal, December 2013

Narrow band gap conjugated polymer for improving the photovoltaic performance of P3HT:PCBM ternary blend bulk heterojunction solar cells journal, January 2015

Donor−Acceptor Polymers Incorporating Alkylated Dithienylbenzothiadiazole for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: Pronounced Effect of Positioning Alkyl Chains journal, January 2010

Hyperconjugated side chained benzodithiophene and 4,7-di-2-thienyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole based polymer for solar cells journal, January 2014

Effect of multi-armed triphenylamine-based hole transporting materials for high performance perovskite solar cells journal, January 2016

Molecular Design toward Highly Efficient Photovoltaic Polymers Based on Two-Dimensional Conjugated Benzodithiophene journal, April 2014

Multicolor Fluorescent Polymers Inspired from Green Fluorescent Protein journal, August 2015

Electrochemical properties of luminescent polymers and polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells journal, February 1999

Stability of organic solar cells: challenges and strategies journal, January 2016

C-N cross coupling approach synthesis and electronic properties of donor-acceptor oligomer journal, March 2016

Benzo[1,2- b :4,5- b ′]dithiophene–Pyrido[3,4- b ]pyrazine Small-Molecule Donors for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells journal, February 2016

Diketopyrrolopyrrole Polymers for Organic Solar Cells journal, December 2015

Mechanical Properties of a Library of Low-Band-Gap Polymers journal, March 2016

Recent Advances in Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells journal, August 2015

25th Anniversary Article: A Decade of Organic/Polymeric Photovoltaic Research journal, September 2013

Synthesis, photophysics, and photovoltaic properties of low-band gap conjugated polymers based on thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione: a combined experimental and computational study journal, January 2012

Effects of heteroatom substitution in spiro-bifluorene hole transport materials journal, January 2016

Tandem Solar Cells from Accessible Low Band-Gap Polymers Using an Efficient Interconnecting Layer journal, December 2015

Improving the long-term stability of PBDTTPD polymer solar cells through material purification aimed at removing organic impurities journal, January 2013

Structural Design of Benzo[1,2- b :4,5- b ′]dithiophene-Based 2D Conjugated Polymers with Bithienyl and Terthienyl Substituents toward Photovoltaic Applications journal, January 2014

An Electron Acceptor Challenging Fullerenes for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells journal, January 2015

Benzobis(silolothiophene)-Based Low Bandgap Polymers for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells † journal, February 2011

Dopant-free polymeric hole transport materials for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells journal, January 2016

Synthesis and Characterization of Bridged Bithiophene-Based Conjugated Polymers for Photovoltaic Applications: Acceptor Strength and Ternary Blends journal, January 2010

Synthesis of alternating D–A1–D–A2 terpolymers comprising two electron-deficient moieties, quinoxaline and benzothiadiazole units for photovoltaic applications journal, January 2016

Efficiency enhancement in an indacenodithiophene and thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione backbone photovoltaic polymer with an extended thieno[3,2-b]thiophene π-bridge journal, January 2016

Thieno[3,2- b ]thiophene-Bridged D−π–A Polymer Semiconductor Based on Benzo[1,2- b :4,5- b ′]dithiophene and Benzoxadiazole journal, June 2013

An efficient method to achieve a balanced open circuit voltage and short circuit current density in polymer solar cells journal, January 2016

Development of polymer–fullerene solar cells journal, April 2016

Controlling the morphology and hole mobility of terpolymers for polymer solar cells journal, January 2016

Influential effects of π-spacers, alkyl side chains, and various processing conditions on the photovoltaic properties of alkylselenyl substituted benzodithiophene based polymers journal, January 2015

Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: Morphology and Performance Relationships journal, May 2014

Thieno, Furo, and Selenopheno[3,4- c ]pyrrole-4,6-dione Copolymers: Air-Processed Polymer Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiency up to 7.1% journal, September 2015

Ring Substituents Mediate the Morphology of PBDTTPD-PCBM Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells
journal, March 2014

Low-Bandgap Near-IR Conjugated Polymers/Molecules for Organic Electronics
journal, August 2015

Enhancing the power conversion efficiency of polymer solar cells to 9.26% by a synergistic effect of fluoro and carboxylate substitution
journal, January 2016

Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of D–A Copolymers Based on Dithienosilole and Benzotriazole
journal, October 2011

Non-fullerene polymer solar cells based on a selenophene-containing fused-ring acceptor with photovoltaic performance of 8.6%
journal, January 2016

Effects of π-Conjugated Bridges on Photovoltaic Properties of Donor-π-Acceptor Conjugated Copolymers
journal, January 2012

Highly Conjugated Side-Chain-Substituted Benzo[1,2- b :4,5- b ′]dithiophene-Based Conjugated Polymers for Use in Polymer Solar Cells
journal, December 2013

Narrow band gap conjugated polymer for improving the photovoltaic performance of P3HT:PCBM ternary blend bulk heterojunction solar cells
journal, January 2015

Donor−Acceptor Polymers Incorporating Alkylated Dithienylbenzothiadiazole for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: Pronounced Effect of Positioning Alkyl Chains
journal, January 2010

Hyperconjugated side chained benzodithiophene and 4,7-di-2-thienyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole based polymer for solar cells
journal, January 2014

Effect of multi-armed triphenylamine-based hole transporting materials for high performance perovskite solar cells
journal, January 2016

Molecular Design toward Highly Efficient Photovoltaic Polymers Based on Two-Dimensional Conjugated Benzodithiophene
journal, April 2014

Multicolor Fluorescent Polymers Inspired from Green Fluorescent Protein
journal, August 2015

Electrochemical properties of luminescent polymers and polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells
journal, February 1999

Stability of organic solar cells: challenges and strategies
journal, January 2016

C-N cross coupling approach synthesis and electronic properties of donor-acceptor oligomer
journal, March 2016

Benzo[1,2- b :4,5- b ′]dithiophene–Pyrido[3,4- b ]pyrazine Small-Molecule Donors for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
journal, February 2016

Diketopyrrolopyrrole Polymers for Organic Solar Cells
journal, December 2015

Mechanical Properties of a Library of Low-Band-Gap Polymers
journal, March 2016

Recent Advances in Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells
journal, August 2015

25th Anniversary Article: A Decade of Organic/Polymeric Photovoltaic Research
journal, September 2013

Synthesis, photophysics, and photovoltaic properties of low-band gap conjugated polymers based on thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione: a combined experimental and computational study
journal, January 2012

Effects of heteroatom substitution in spiro-bifluorene hole transport materials
journal, January 2016

Tandem Solar Cells from Accessible Low Band-Gap Polymers Using an Efficient Interconnecting Layer
journal, December 2015

Improving the long-term stability of PBDTTPD polymer solar cells through material purification aimed at removing organic impurities
journal, January 2013

Structural Design of Benzo[1,2- b :4,5- b ′]dithiophene-Based 2D Conjugated Polymers with Bithienyl and Terthienyl Substituents toward Photovoltaic Applications
journal, January 2014

An Electron Acceptor Challenging Fullerenes for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells
journal, January 2015

Benzobis(silolothiophene)-Based Low Bandgap Polymers for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells ^†
journal, February 2011

Dopant-free polymeric hole transport materials for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
journal, January 2016

Synthesis and Characterization of Bridged Bithiophene-Based Conjugated Polymers for Photovoltaic Applications: Acceptor Strength and Ternary Blends
journal, January 2010

Synthesis of alternating D–A1–D–A2 terpolymers comprising two electron-deficient moieties, quinoxaline and benzothiadiazole units for photovoltaic applications
journal, January 2016

Efficiency enhancement in an indacenodithiophene and thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione backbone photovoltaic polymer with an extended thieno[3,2-b]thiophene π-bridge
journal, January 2016

Thieno[3,2- b ]thiophene-Bridged D−π–A Polymer Semiconductor Based on Benzo[1,2- b :4,5- b ′]dithiophene and Benzoxadiazole
journal, June 2013

An efficient method to achieve a balanced open circuit voltage and short circuit current density in polymer solar cells
journal, January 2016

Development of polymer–fullerene solar cells
journal, April 2016

Controlling the morphology and hole mobility of terpolymers for polymer solar cells
journal, January 2016

Influential effects of π-spacers, alkyl side chains, and various processing conditions on the photovoltaic properties of alkylselenyl substituted benzodithiophene based polymers
journal, January 2015

Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: Morphology and Performance Relationships
journal, May 2014

Thieno, Furo, and Selenopheno[3,4- c ]pyrrole-4,6-dione Copolymers: Air-Processed Polymer Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiency up to 7.1%
journal, September 2015