Robust odd-parity superconductivity in the doped topological insulator NbxBi2Se3

Smylie, M. P.; Willa, K.; Claus, H.; Snezhko, A.; Martin, I.; Kwok, W. -K.; Qiu, Y.; Hor, Y. S.; Bokari, E.; Niraula, P.; Kayani, A.; Mishra, V.; Welp, U.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.96.115145

Title: Robust odd-parity superconductivity in the doped topological insulator ${Nb}_{x} {Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$

Abstract

We present resistivity and magnetization measurements on proton-irradiated crystals demonstrating that the superconducting state in the doped topological insulator Nb_xBi₂Se₃ (x = 0.25) is surprisingly robust against disorder-induced electron scattering. The superconducting transition temperature T_c decreases without indication of saturation with increasing defect concentration, and the corresponding scattering rates far surpass expectations based on conventional theory. The low-temperature variation of the London penetration depth Δλ(T) follows a power law [Δλ(T)~T²] indicating the presence of symmetry-protected point nodes. Lastly, our results are consistent with the proposed robust nematic E_u pairing state in this material.

Authors:

Smylie, M. P. ^[1]; Willa, K. ^[2]; Claus, H. ^[2]; Snezhko, A. ^[2]; Martin, I. ^[2]; Kwok, W. -K. ^[2]; Qiu, Y. ^[3]; Hor, Y. S. ^[3]; Bokari, E. ^[4]; Niraula, P. ^[4]; Kayani, A. ^[4]; Mishra, V. ^[5]; Welp, U. ^[2]

Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Univ. of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Missouri Univ. of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO (United States)
Western Michigan Univ., Kalamazoo MI (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Publication Date:: Fri Sep 15 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Research Org.:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22), Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1402061

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1394020

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review B

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 96; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9950

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY

Citation Formats


                    Smylie, M. P., Willa, K., Claus, H., Snezhko, A., Martin, I., Kwok, W. -K., Qiu, Y., Hor, Y. S., Bokari, E., Niraula, P., Kayani, A., Mishra, V., and Welp, U. Robust odd-parity superconductivity in the doped topological insulator NbxBi2Se3.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.96.115145.

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                    Smylie, M. P., Willa, K., Claus, H., Snezhko, A., Martin, I., Kwok, W. -K., Qiu, Y., Hor, Y. S., Bokari, E., Niraula, P., Kayani, A., Mishra, V., & Welp, U. Robust odd-parity superconductivity in the doped topological insulator NbxBi2Se3.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.115145

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                    Smylie, M. P., Willa, K., Claus, H., Snezhko, A., Martin, I., Kwok, W. -K., Qiu, Y., Hor, Y. S., Bokari, E., Niraula, P., Kayani, A., Mishra, V., and Welp, U. Fri .  
"Robust odd-parity superconductivity in the doped topological insulator NbxBi2Se3".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.115145.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1402061.

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@article{osti_1402061,

  title        = {Robust odd-parity superconductivity in the doped topological insulator NbxBi2Se3},

  author       = {Smylie, M. P. and Willa, K. and Claus, H. and Snezhko, A. and Martin, I. and Kwok, W. -K. and Qiu, Y. and Hor, Y. S. and Bokari, E. and Niraula, P. and Kayani, A. and Mishra, V. and Welp, U.},

  abstractNote = {We present resistivity and magnetization measurements on proton-irradiated crystals demonstrating that the superconducting state in the doped topological insulator NbxBi2Se3 (x = 0.25) is surprisingly robust against disorder-induced electron scattering. The superconducting transition temperature Tc decreases without indication of saturation with increasing defect concentration, and the corresponding scattering rates far surpass expectations based on conventional theory. The low-temperature variation of the London penetration depth Δλ(T) follows a power law [Δλ(T)~T2] indicating the presence of symmetry-protected point nodes. Lastly, our results are consistent with the proposed robust nematic Eu pairing state in this material.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevB.96.115145},

  journal      = {Physical Review B},

  number       = 11,

  volume       = 96,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Sep 15 00:00:00 EDT 2017},

  month        = {Fri Sep 15 00:00:00 EDT 2017}

}

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Title: Robust odd-parity superconductivity in the doped topological insulator Nb x Bi 2 Se 3

Abstract

Citation Formats

Topological insulators and superconductors journal, October 2011

Impurity-induced states in conventional and unconventional superconductors journal, May 2006

Unusual nature of fully gapped superconductivity in In-doped SnTe journal, October 2013

The superconducting phases of UPt 3 journal, March 2002

Superconducting doped topological materials journal, July 2015

Anomalous temperature dependence of the magnetic field penetration depth in superconducting UBe13 journal, June 1986

Thermodynamic evidence for nematic superconductivity in CuxBi2Se3 journal, October 2016

Evidence of nodes in the order parameter of the superconducting doped topological insulator Nb x Bi 2 Se 3 via penetration depth measurements journal, November 2016

Defect independence of the irreversibility line in proton-irradiated Y-Ba-Cu-O crystals journal, August 1990

Topological surface states in nodal superconductors journal, May 2015

Theory of dirty superconductors journal, September 1959

Superconductivity with two-fold symmetry in topological superconductor Sr x Bi2Se3 journal, January 2017

Enhanced superconducting pairing interaction in indium-doped tin telluride journal, January 2009

Existence of Majorana Fermions and Topological Order in Nodal Superconductors with Spin-Orbit Interactions in External Magnetic Fields journal, November 2010

Robust superconductivity with nodes in the superconducting topological insulator Cu x Bi 2 Se 3 : Zeeman orbital field and nonmagnetic impurities journal, February 2015

Distinguishing d -wave superconductors from highly anisotropic s -wave superconductors journal, June 1994

Odd-parity topological superconductor with nematic order: Application to Cu x Bi 2 Se 3 journal, September 2014

Effect of proton irradiation on superconductivity in optimally doped BaFe 2 ( As 1 − x P x ) 2 single crystals journal, March 2016

Odd-Parity Topological Superconductors: Theory and Application to Cu x Bi 2 Se 3 journal, August 2010

Topological Crystalline Insulators and Topological Superconductors: From Concepts to Materials journal, March 2015

Critical temperature of an anisotropic superconductor containing both nonmagnetic and magnetic impurities journal, October 1998

Finding a direction journal, May 2016

Rotational Symmetry Breaking in a Trigonal Superconductor Nb-doped Bi 2 Se 3 journal, January 2017

Superconductivity with Topological Surface State in Sr x Bi 2 Se 3 journal, August 2015

Rotational symmetry breaking in the topological superconductor SrxBi2Se3 probed by upper-critical field experiments journal, June 2016

Search for Majorana Fermions in Superconductors journal, April 2013

Optimizing the superconducting transition temperature and upper critical field of Sn 1 − x In x Te journal, July 2013

Gap renormalization in dirty anisotropic superconductors: Implications for the order parameter of the cuprates journal, August 1994

Multiple Fermi surfaces in superconducting Nb-doped Bi 2 Se 3 journal, July 2016

Structure and properties of irradiation defects in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−x journal, October 1999

Classification of topological quantum matter with symmetries journal, August 2016

Unusual upper critical field behavior in Nb-doped bismuth selenides journal, May 2017

Spin-Orbit Locking as a Protection Mechanism of the Odd-Parity Superconducting State against Disorder journal, October 2012

Odd-parity superconductors with two-component order parameters: Nematic and chiral, full gap, and Majorana node journal, November 2016

Anomalous suppression of the superfluid density in the Cu x Bi 2 Se 3 superconductor upon progressive Cu intercalation journal, November 2012

Superconductivity in Cu x Bi 2 Se 3 and its Implications for Pairing in the Undoped Topological Insulator journal, February 2010

Doping- and irradiation-controlled pinning of vortices in BaFe 2 (As 1 − x P x ) 2 single crystals journal, October 2011

Nonmagnetic impurity effects in a three-dimensional topological superconductor: From p - to s -wave behaviors journal, June 2014

The superconductivity of Sr 2 RuO 4 and the physics of spin-triplet pairing journal, May 2003

Topological superconductors: a review journal, May 2017

Spin-rotation symmetry breaking in the superconducting state of CuxBi2Se3 journal, May 2016

Majorana returns journal, September 2009

Magnetic Penetration Depth in Unconventional Superconductors journal, January 2007

Enhanced superconducting pairing interaction in indium-doped tin telluride text, January 2008

Search for Majorana fermions in superconductors text, January 2011

Unusual nature of fully-gapped superconductivity in In-doped SnTe text, January 2013

Topological Crystalline Insulators and Topological Superconductors: From Concepts to Materials text, January 2015

Superconducting doped topological materials text, January 2015

Classification of topological quantum matter with symmetries text, January 2015

Superconductivity with two-fold symmetry in topological superconductor SrxBi2Se3 text, January 2016

Impurity-induced states in conventional and unconventional superconductors preprint, January 2004

Magnetic Penetration Depth in Unconventional Superconductors text, January 2006

Gap Renormalization in Dirty Anisotropic Superconductors: Implications for the Order Parameter of the Cuprates text, January 1994

Critical temperature of an anisotropic superconductor containing both nonmagnetic and magnetic impurities text, January 1998

Direction and symmetry transition of the vector order parameter in topological superconductors CuxBi2Se3 journal, January 2020

Nematic topological superconducting phase in Nb-doped Bi2Se3 journal, October 2017

Superconducting and normal-state anisotropy of the doped topological insulator Sr0.1Bi2Se3 journal, May 2018

Visualizing pairing symmetry in nematic superconductors using spin-polarized spectroscopy of magnetic impurities journal, October 2019

Structural distortion behind the nematic superconductivity in Sr x Bi 2 Se 3 journal, October 2018

Zero Cu valence and superconductivity in high-quality C u x B i 2 S e 3 crystal journal, November 2019

Possible structural origin of superconductivity in Sr-doped B i 2 S e 3 journal, January 2018

Generalized Anderson’s theorem for superconductors derived from topological insulators journal, February 2020

Nematic Superconductivity in Doped Bi2Se3 Topological Superconductors journal, December 2018

Nematic superconductivity stabilized by density wave fluctuations: Possible application to twisted bilayer graphene text, January 2018

Nematic superconductivity in doped Bi2Se3 topological superconductors text, January 2018

Generalized Anderson's theorem for superconductors derived from topological insulators text, January 2019

Direction and symmetry transition of the vector order parameter in topological superconductors Cu$_x$Bi$_2$Se$_3$ text, January 2019

Title: Robust odd-parity superconductivity in the doped topological insulator ${Nb}_{x} {Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$

Topological insulators and superconductors
journal, October 2011

Impurity-induced states in conventional and unconventional superconductors
journal, May 2006

Unusual nature of fully gapped superconductivity in In-doped SnTe
journal, October 2013

The superconducting phases of ${UPt}_{3}$
journal, March 2002

Superconducting doped topological materials
journal, July 2015

Anomalous temperature dependence of the magnetic field penetration depth in superconducting UBe13
journal, June 1986

Thermodynamic evidence for nematic superconductivity in CuxBi2Se3
journal, October 2016

Evidence of nodes in the order parameter of the superconducting doped topological insulator ${Nb}_{x} {Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$ via penetration depth measurements
journal, November 2016

Defect independence of the irreversibility line in proton-irradiated Y-Ba-Cu-O crystals
journal, August 1990

Topological surface states in nodal superconductors
journal, May 2015

Theory of dirty superconductors
journal, September 1959

Superconductivity with two-fold symmetry in topological superconductor Sr x Bi2Se3
journal, January 2017

Enhanced superconducting pairing interaction in indium-doped tin telluride
journal, January 2009

Existence of Majorana Fermions and Topological Order in Nodal Superconductors with Spin-Orbit Interactions in External Magnetic Fields
journal, November 2010

Robust superconductivity with nodes in the superconducting topological insulator ${Cu}_{x} {Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$ : Zeeman orbital field and nonmagnetic impurities
journal, February 2015

Distinguishing d -wave superconductors from highly anisotropic s -wave superconductors
journal, June 1994

Odd-parity topological superconductor with nematic order: Application to ${Cu}_{x} {Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$
journal, September 2014

Effect of proton irradiation on superconductivity in optimally doped ${BaFe}_{2} ({As}_{1 - x} P_{x})_{2}$ single crystals
journal, March 2016

Odd-Parity Topological Superconductors: Theory and Application to ${Cu}_{x} {Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$
journal, August 2010

Topological Crystalline Insulators and Topological Superconductors: From Concepts to Materials
journal, March 2015

Critical temperature of an anisotropic superconductor containing both nonmagnetic and magnetic impurities
journal, October 1998

Finding a direction
journal, May 2016

Rotational Symmetry Breaking in a Trigonal Superconductor Nb-doped ${Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$
journal, January 2017

Superconductivity with Topological Surface State in Sr _x Bi ₂ Se ₃
journal, August 2015

Rotational symmetry breaking in the topological superconductor SrxBi2Se3 probed by upper-critical field experiments
journal, June 2016

Search for Majorana Fermions in Superconductors
journal, April 2013

Optimizing the superconducting transition temperature and upper critical field of Sn $_{1 - x}$ In $_{x}$ Te
journal, July 2013

Gap renormalization in dirty anisotropic superconductors: Implications for the order parameter of the cuprates
journal, August 1994

Multiple Fermi surfaces in superconducting Nb-doped ${Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$
journal, July 2016

Structure and properties of irradiation defects in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−x
journal, October 1999

Classification of topological quantum matter with symmetries
journal, August 2016

Unusual upper critical field behavior in Nb-doped bismuth selenides
journal, May 2017

Spin-Orbit Locking as a Protection Mechanism of the Odd-Parity Superconducting State against Disorder
journal, October 2012

Odd-parity superconductors with two-component order parameters: Nematic and chiral, full gap, and Majorana node
journal, November 2016

Anomalous suppression of the superfluid density in the Cu $_{x}$ Bi $_{2}$ Se $_{3}$ superconductor upon progressive Cu intercalation
journal, November 2012

Superconductivity in ${Cu}_{x} {Bi}_{2} {Se}_{3}$ and its Implications for Pairing in the Undoped Topological Insulator
journal, February 2010

Doping- and irradiation-controlled pinning of vortices in BaFe $_{2}$ (As $_{1 - x}$ P $_{x}$ ) $_{2}$ single crystals
journal, October 2011

Nonmagnetic impurity effects in a three-dimensional topological superconductor: From $p$ - to $s$ -wave behaviors
journal, June 2014

The superconductivity of ${Sr}_{2} {RuO}_{4}$ and the physics of spin-triplet pairing
journal, May 2003

Topological superconductors: a review
journal, May 2017

Spin-rotation symmetry breaking in the superconducting state of CuxBi2Se3
journal, May 2016

Majorana returns
journal, September 2009

Magnetic Penetration Depth in Unconventional Superconductors
journal, January 2007

Enhanced superconducting pairing interaction in indium-doped tin telluride
text, January 2008

Search for Majorana fermions in superconductors
text, January 2011

Unusual nature of fully-gapped superconductivity in In-doped SnTe
text, January 2013

Topological Crystalline Insulators and Topological Superconductors: From Concepts to Materials
text, January 2015

Superconducting doped topological materials
text, January 2015

Classification of topological quantum matter with symmetries
text, January 2015

Superconductivity with two-fold symmetry in topological superconductor SrxBi2Se3
text, January 2016

Impurity-induced states in conventional and unconventional superconductors
preprint, January 2004

Magnetic Penetration Depth in Unconventional Superconductors
text, January 2006

Gap Renormalization in Dirty Anisotropic Superconductors: Implications for the Order Parameter of the Cuprates
text, January 1994

Critical temperature of an anisotropic superconductor containing both nonmagnetic and magnetic impurities
text, January 1998

Direction and symmetry transition of the vector order parameter in topological superconductors CuxBi2Se3
journal, January 2020

Nematic topological superconducting phase in Nb-doped Bi2Se3
journal, October 2017

Superconducting and normal-state anisotropy of the doped topological insulator Sr0.1Bi2Se3
journal, May 2018

Visualizing pairing symmetry in nematic superconductors using spin-polarized spectroscopy of magnetic impurities
journal, October 2019

Structural distortion behind the nematic superconductivity in Sr _x Bi ₂ Se ₃
journal, October 2018

Zero Cu valence and superconductivity in high-quality $C u_{x} B i_{2} S e_{3}$ crystal
journal, November 2019

Possible structural origin of superconductivity in Sr-doped $B i_{2} S e_{3}$
journal, January 2018

Generalized Anderson’s theorem for superconductors derived from topological insulators
journal, February 2020

Nematic Superconductivity in Doped Bi2Se3 Topological Superconductors
journal, December 2018

Nematic superconductivity stabilized by density wave fluctuations: Possible application to twisted bilayer graphene
text, January 2018

Nematic superconductivity in doped Bi2Se3 topological superconductors
text, January 2018

Generalized Anderson's theorem for superconductors derived from topological insulators
text, January 2019

Direction and symmetry transition of the vector order parameter in topological superconductors Cu$_x$Bi$_2$Se$_3$
text, January 2019