Measurements of Sub-degree B-mode Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background from 100 Square Degrees of SPTpol Data
Abstract
We present a measurement of the $$B$$-mode polarization power spectrum (the $BB$ spectrum) from 100 $$\mathrm{deg}^2$$ of sky observed with SPTpol, a polarization-sensitive receiver currently installed on the South Pole Telescope. The observations used in this work were taken during 2012 and early 2013 and include data in spectral bands centered at 95 and 150 GHz. We report the $BB$ spectrum in five bins in multipole space, spanning the range $$300 \le \ell \le 2300$$, and for three spectral combinations: 95 GHz $$\times$$ 95 GHz, 95 GHz $$\times$$ 150 GHz, and 150 GHz $$\times$$ 150 GHz. We subtract small ($$< 0.5 \sigma$$ in units of statistical uncertainty) biases from these spectra and account for the uncertainty in those biases. The resulting power spectra are inconsistent with zero power but consistent with predictions for the $BB$ spectrum arising from the gravitational lensing of $$E$$-mode polarization. If we assume no other source of $BB$ power besides lensed $$B$$ modes, we determine a preference for lensed $$B$$ modes of $$4.9 \sigma$$. After marginalizing over tensor power and foregrounds, namely polarized emission from galactic dust and extragalactic sources, this significance is $$4.3 \sigma$$. Fitting for a single parameter, $$A_\mathrm{lens}$$, that multiplies the predicted lensed $$B$$-mode spectrum, and marginalizing over tensor power and foregrounds, we find $$A_\mathrm{lens} = 1.08 \pm 0.26$$, indicating that our measured spectra are consistent with the signal expected from gravitational lensing. The data presented here provide the best measurement to date of the $$B$$-mode power spectrum on these angular scales.
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- Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Physics; Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Kavli Inst. for Cosmological Physics (KICP); Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Dept. of Physics
- Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Kavli Inst. for Cosmological Physics (KICP); Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Dept. of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences
- Cardiff Univ. (United Kingdom). School of Physics and Astronomy
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
- Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Dept. of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences; National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO (United States). NIST Quantum Devices Group
- National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO (United States). NIST Quantum Devices Group
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Kavli Inst. for Cosmological Physics (KICP); McGill Univ., Montreal, QC (Canada). Dept of Physics; Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). High Energy Physics Division
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Kavli Inst. for Cosmological Physics (KICP); Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Dept. of Astronomy and Astrophysics; Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Kavli Inst. for Cosmological Physics (KICP); Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Dept of Physics; Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). High Energy Physics Division
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Kavli Inst. for Cosmological Physics (KICP); Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Dept of Physics; Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). High Energy Physics Division; Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Dept. of Astronomy and Astrophysics; Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Enrico Fermi Inst.
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Kavli Inst. for Cosmological Physics (KICP); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). High Energy Physics Division; Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Dept. Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Univ. of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban (South Africa). School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Kavli Inst. for Cosmological Physics
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Kavli Inst. for Cosmological Physics (KICP); Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Dept. of Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Kavli Inst. for Cosmological Physics (KICP); Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Dept. of Astronomy and Astrophysics; California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
- McGill Univ., Montreal, QC (Canada). Dept of Physics; Canadian Inst. for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON (Canada). CIFAR Program in Cosmology and Gravity
- Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Dept. of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences
- McGill Univ., Montreal, QC (Canada). Dept of Physics
- Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Dept. of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences; Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Dept. of Physics
- Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Physics; SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics
- Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Physics Division
- National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO (United States). NIST Quantum Devices Group; SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States). Steward Observatory
- Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States). Dept. of Physics
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Kavli Inst. for Cosmological Physics (KICP); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). High Energy Physics Division
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Kavli Inst. for Cosmological Physics (KICP); Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Dept. of Astronomy and Astrophysics; Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Dept. of Physics; Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Enrico Fermi Inst.
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Materials Sciences Division
- California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
- Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States). School of Physics and Astronomy
- Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics; Univ. of Melbourne (Australia). School of Physics
- Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH (United States). Center for Education and Research in Cosmology and Astrophysics and Physics Dept.
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Kavli Inst. for Cosmological Physics; Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Enrico Fermi Inst.; School of the Art Inst. of Chicago, Chicago, IL (United States). Liberal Arts Dept.
- McGill Univ., Montreal, QC (Canada). Dept of Physics; Three-Speed Logic, Inc., Vancouver, BC (Canada)
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States)
- Univ. of Toronto, ON (Canada). Dunlap Inst. for Astronomy & Astrophysics; Univ. of Toronto, ON (Canada). Dept. of Astronomy & Astrophysics
- Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States). Astronomy Dept.; Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States). Dept. of Physics
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). High Energy Physics Division
- Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics, Dept. of Physics; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); National Science Foundation (NSF); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
- Contributing Org.:
- SPT
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1390209
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1390207
- Report Number(s):
- arXiv:1503.02315; FERMILAB-PUB-15-672-AE
Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357; 1351177
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-07CH11359; AC02-06CH11357; AC02-05CH11231; PLR-1248097; PHY-0114422; GBMF#947; AST-1402161
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online); Journal Volume: 807; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357
- Publisher:
- Institute of Physics (IOP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; cosmic background radiation; cosmology observations
Citation Formats
Keisler, R., Hoover, S., Harrington, N., Henning, J. W., Ade, P. A. R., Aird, K. A., Austermann, J. E., Beall, J. A., Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Bleem, L. E., Carlstrom, J. E., Chang, C. L., Chiang, H. C., Cho, H-M., Citron, R., Crawford, T. M., Crites, A. T., de Haan, T., Dobbs, M. A., Everett, W., Gallicchio, J., Gao, J., George, E. M., Gilbert, A., Halverson, N. W., Hanson, D., Hilton, G. C., Holder, G. P., Holzapfel, W. L., Hou, Z., Hrubes, J. D., Huang, N., Hubmayr, J., Irwin, K. D., Knox, L., Lee, A. T., Leitch, E. M., Li, D., Luong-Van, D., Marrone, D. P., McMahon, J. J., Mehl, J., Meyer, S. S., Mocanu, L., Natoli, T., Nibarger, J. P., Novosad, V., Padin, S., Pryke, C., Reichardt, C. L., Ruhl, J. E., Saliwanchik, B. R., Sayre, J. T., Schaffer, K. K., Shirokoff, E., Smecher, G., Stark, A. A., Story, K. T., Tucker, C., Vanderlinde, K., Vieira, J. D., Wang, G., Whitehorn, N., Yefremenko, V., and Zahn, O. Measurements of Sub-degree B-mode Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background from 100 Square Degrees of SPTpol Data. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/807/2/151.
Keisler, R., Hoover, S., Harrington, N., Henning, J. W., Ade, P. A. R., Aird, K. A., Austermann, J. E., Beall, J. A., Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Bleem, L. E., Carlstrom, J. E., Chang, C. L., Chiang, H. C., Cho, H-M., Citron, R., Crawford, T. M., Crites, A. T., de Haan, T., Dobbs, M. A., Everett, W., Gallicchio, J., Gao, J., George, E. M., Gilbert, A., Halverson, N. W., Hanson, D., Hilton, G. C., Holder, G. P., Holzapfel, W. L., Hou, Z., Hrubes, J. D., Huang, N., Hubmayr, J., Irwin, K. D., Knox, L., Lee, A. T., Leitch, E. M., Li, D., Luong-Van, D., Marrone, D. P., McMahon, J. J., Mehl, J., Meyer, S. S., Mocanu, L., Natoli, T., Nibarger, J. P., Novosad, V., Padin, S., Pryke, C., Reichardt, C. L., Ruhl, J. E., Saliwanchik, B. R., Sayre, J. T., Schaffer, K. K., Shirokoff, E., Smecher, G., Stark, A. A., Story, K. T., Tucker, C., Vanderlinde, K., Vieira, J. D., Wang, G., Whitehorn, N., Yefremenko, V., & Zahn, O. Measurements of Sub-degree B-mode Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background from 100 Square Degrees of SPTpol Data. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/807/2/151
Keisler, R., Hoover, S., Harrington, N., Henning, J. W., Ade, P. A. R., Aird, K. A., Austermann, J. E., Beall, J. A., Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Bleem, L. E., Carlstrom, J. E., Chang, C. L., Chiang, H. C., Cho, H-M., Citron, R., Crawford, T. M., Crites, A. T., de Haan, T., Dobbs, M. A., Everett, W., Gallicchio, J., Gao, J., George, E. M., Gilbert, A., Halverson, N. W., Hanson, D., Hilton, G. C., Holder, G. P., Holzapfel, W. L., Hou, Z., Hrubes, J. D., Huang, N., Hubmayr, J., Irwin, K. D., Knox, L., Lee, A. T., Leitch, E. M., Li, D., Luong-Van, D., Marrone, D. P., McMahon, J. J., Mehl, J., Meyer, S. S., Mocanu, L., Natoli, T., Nibarger, J. P., Novosad, V., Padin, S., Pryke, C., Reichardt, C. L., Ruhl, J. E., Saliwanchik, B. R., Sayre, J. T., Schaffer, K. K., Shirokoff, E., Smecher, G., Stark, A. A., Story, K. T., Tucker, C., Vanderlinde, K., Vieira, J. D., Wang, G., Whitehorn, N., Yefremenko, V., and Zahn, O. Thu .
"Measurements of Sub-degree B-mode Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background from 100 Square Degrees of SPTpol Data". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/807/2/151. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1390209.
@article{osti_1390209,
title = {Measurements of Sub-degree B-mode Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background from 100 Square Degrees of SPTpol Data},
author = {Keisler, R. and Hoover, S. and Harrington, N. and Henning, J. W. and Ade, P. A. R. and Aird, K. A. and Austermann, J. E. and Beall, J. A. and Bender, A. N. and Benson, B. A. and Bleem, L. E. and Carlstrom, J. E. and Chang, C. L. and Chiang, H. C. and Cho, H-M. and Citron, R. and Crawford, T. M. and Crites, A. T. and de Haan, T. and Dobbs, M. A. and Everett, W. and Gallicchio, J. and Gao, J. and George, E. M. and Gilbert, A. and Halverson, N. W. and Hanson, D. and Hilton, G. C. and Holder, G. P. and Holzapfel, W. L. and Hou, Z. and Hrubes, J. D. and Huang, N. and Hubmayr, J. and Irwin, K. D. and Knox, L. and Lee, A. T. and Leitch, E. M. and Li, D. and Luong-Van, D. and Marrone, D. P. and McMahon, J. J. and Mehl, J. and Meyer, S. S. and Mocanu, L. and Natoli, T. and Nibarger, J. P. and Novosad, V. and Padin, S. and Pryke, C. and Reichardt, C. L. and Ruhl, J. E. and Saliwanchik, B. R. and Sayre, J. T. and Schaffer, K. K. and Shirokoff, E. and Smecher, G. and Stark, A. A. and Story, K. T. and Tucker, C. and Vanderlinde, K. and Vieira, J. D. and Wang, G. and Whitehorn, N. and Yefremenko, V. and Zahn, O.},
abstractNote = {We present a measurement of the $B$-mode polarization power spectrum (the $BB$ spectrum) from 100 $\mathrm{deg}^2$ of sky observed with SPTpol, a polarization-sensitive receiver currently installed on the South Pole Telescope. The observations used in this work were taken during 2012 and early 2013 and include data in spectral bands centered at 95 and 150 GHz. We report the $BB$ spectrum in five bins in multipole space, spanning the range $300 \le \ell \le 2300$, and for three spectral combinations: 95 GHz $\times$ 95 GHz, 95 GHz $\times$ 150 GHz, and 150 GHz $\times$ 150 GHz. We subtract small ($< 0.5 \sigma$ in units of statistical uncertainty) biases from these spectra and account for the uncertainty in those biases. The resulting power spectra are inconsistent with zero power but consistent with predictions for the $BB$ spectrum arising from the gravitational lensing of $E$-mode polarization. If we assume no other source of $BB$ power besides lensed $B$ modes, we determine a preference for lensed $B$ modes of $4.9 \sigma$. After marginalizing over tensor power and foregrounds, namely polarized emission from galactic dust and extragalactic sources, this significance is $4.3 \sigma$. Fitting for a single parameter, $A_\mathrm{lens}$, that multiplies the predicted lensed $B$-mode spectrum, and marginalizing over tensor power and foregrounds, we find $A_\mathrm{lens} = 1.08 \pm 0.26$, indicating that our measured spectra are consistent with the signal expected from gravitational lensing. The data presented here provide the best measurement to date of the $B$-mode power spectrum on these angular scales.},
doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/807/2/151},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal (Online)},
number = 2,
volume = 807,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jul 09 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Thu Jul 09 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
Web of Science
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