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Title: The role of atmospheric stability/turbulence on wakes at the Egmond aan Zee offshore wind farm

Abstract

Here, the aim of the paper is to present results from the NREL SOWFA project that compares simulations from models of different fidelity to meteorological and turbine data from the Egmond aan Zee wind farm. Initial results illustrate that wake behavior and impacts are strongly impacted by turbulence intensity. This includes both power losses from wakes and loading illustrated by the out of plane bending moment. Here we focus on understanding the relationship between turbulence and atmospheric stability and whether power losses due to wakes can effectively be characterized by measures of turbulence alone or whether atmospheric stability as a whole plays a fundamental role in wake behavior. The study defines atmospheric stability using the Monin-Obukhov length estimated based on the temperature difference between 116 and 70 m. The data subset selected using this method for the calculation of the Monin-Obukhov length indicate little diurnal or directional dependence of the stability classes but a dominance of stable classes in the spring/unstable classes in fall and of near-neutral classes at high wind speeds. The analysis is complicated by the need to define turbulence intensity. We can select the ratio of the standard deviation of wind speed to mean wind speed inmore » each observation period using data from the meteorological mast, in which case a substantial amount of data must be excluded due to the presence of the wind farm. An alternative is to use data from the wind turbines which could provide a larger data set for analysis. These approaches are examined and compared to illustrate their robustness. Finally, power losses from wakes are categorized according to stability and/or turbulence in order to understand their relative importance in determining the behavior of wind turbine wakes.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [4];  [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States)
  2. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
  3. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
  4. Vestas Wind Systems A/S, Aarhus (Denmark)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
OSTI Identifier:
1390030
Report Number(s):
NREL/JA-5000-70106
Journal ID: ISSN 1742-6588
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC36-08GO28308
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Physics. Conference Series
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 625; Journal ID: ISSN 1742-6588
Publisher:
IOP Publishing
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
17 WIND ENERGY; atmospheric stability; turbulence; wake behavior; wind farm

Citation Formats

Barthelmie, R. J., Churchfield, Matthew J., Moriarty, Patrick J., Lundquist, Julie K., Oxley, G. S., Hahn, S., and Pryor, S. C. The role of atmospheric stability/turbulence on wakes at the Egmond aan Zee offshore wind farm. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/625/1/012002.
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Barthelmie, R. J., Churchfield, Matthew J., Moriarty, Patrick J., Lundquist, Julie K., Oxley, G. S., Hahn, S., & Pryor, S. C. The role of atmospheric stability/turbulence on wakes at the Egmond aan Zee offshore wind farm. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/625/1/012002
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Barthelmie, R. J., Churchfield, Matthew J., Moriarty, Patrick J., Lundquist, Julie K., Oxley, G. S., Hahn, S., and Pryor, S. C. Thu . "The role of atmospheric stability/turbulence on wakes at the Egmond aan Zee offshore wind farm". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/625/1/012002. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1390030.
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@article{osti_1390030,
title = {The role of atmospheric stability/turbulence on wakes at the Egmond aan Zee offshore wind farm},
author = {Barthelmie, R. J. and Churchfield, Matthew J. and Moriarty, Patrick J. and Lundquist, Julie K. and Oxley, G. S. and Hahn, S. and Pryor, S. C.},
abstractNote = {Here, the aim of the paper is to present results from the NREL SOWFA project that compares simulations from models of different fidelity to meteorological and turbine data from the Egmond aan Zee wind farm. Initial results illustrate that wake behavior and impacts are strongly impacted by turbulence intensity. This includes both power losses from wakes and loading illustrated by the out of plane bending moment. Here we focus on understanding the relationship between turbulence and atmospheric stability and whether power losses due to wakes can effectively be characterized by measures of turbulence alone or whether atmospheric stability as a whole plays a fundamental role in wake behavior. The study defines atmospheric stability using the Monin-Obukhov length estimated based on the temperature difference between 116 and 70 m. The data subset selected using this method for the calculation of the Monin-Obukhov length indicate little diurnal or directional dependence of the stability classes but a dominance of stable classes in the spring/unstable classes in fall and of near-neutral classes at high wind speeds. The analysis is complicated by the need to define turbulence intensity. We can select the ratio of the standard deviation of wind speed to mean wind speed in each observation period using data from the meteorological mast, in which case a substantial amount of data must be excluded due to the presence of the wind farm. An alternative is to use data from the wind turbines which could provide a larger data set for analysis. These approaches are examined and compared to illustrate their robustness. Finally, power losses from wakes are categorized according to stability and/or turbulence in order to understand their relative importance in determining the behavior of wind turbine wakes.},
doi = {10.1088/1742-6596/625/1/012002},
journal = {Journal of Physics. Conference Series},
number = ,
volume = 625,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jun 18 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Thu Jun 18 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
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Journal Article:
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Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/625/1/012002
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Works referenced in this record:

Dependence of the Monin–Obukhov Stability Parameter on the Bulk Richardson Number over the Ocean
journal, April 1997

Dependence of offshore wind turbine fatigue loads on atmospheric stratification
journal, June 2014

Modelling and measurements of power losses and turbulence intensity in wind turbine wakes at Middelgrunden offshore wind farm
journal, January 2007

  • Barthelmie, R. J.; Frandsen, S. T.; Nielsen, M. N.
  • Wind Energy, Vol. 10, Issue 6, p. 517-528
  • DOI: 10.1002/we.238
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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Vertical Wind Profiles in Non-Neutral Conditions: Comparison of Models and Measurements From Frøya
    journal, January 2019

    • Domagalski, Piotr; Bardal, Lars Morten; Sætran, Lars Roar
    • Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Vol. 141, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1115/1.4041816
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