Probing CP violation with non-unitary mixing in long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments: DUNE as a case study

Escrihuela, F. J.; Forero, D. V.; Miranda, O. G.; Tórtola, M.; Valle, J. W. F.

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/aa79ec

Title: Probing CP violation with non-unitary mixing in long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments: DUNE as a case study

Abstract

When neutrino masses arise from the exchange of neutral heavy leptons, as in most seesaw schemes, the effective lepton mixing matrix N describing neutrino propagation is non-unitary, hence neutrinos are not exactly orthonormal. New CP violation phases appear in N that could be confused with the standard phase $${\delta }_{\mathrm{CP}}$$ characterizing the three neutrino paradigm.We study the potential of the long-baseline neutrino experiment DUNE in probing CP violation induced by the standard CP phase in the presence of non-unitarity. In order to accomplish this we develop our previous formalism, so as to take into account the neutrino interactions with the medium, important in long baseline experiments such as DUNE. In this study we find that the expected CP sensitivity of DUNE is somewhat degraded with respect to that characterizing the standard unitary case. However the effect is weaker than might have been expected thanks mainly to the wide neutrino beam. We also investigate the sensitivity of DUNE to the parameters characterizing non-unitarity. In this case we find that there is no improvement expected with respect to the current situation, unless the near detector setup is revamped.

Authors:

Escrihuela, F. J. ^[1];

^[2]; Miranda, O. G. ^[3];

^[1];

^[1]

Univ. of Valencia (Spain). Inst. of Corpuscular Physics and AHEP Group
Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA (United States). Center for Neutrino Physics
Inst. Politecnico Nacional (IPN), Zacatenco (Mexico). Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV). Physics Dept.

Publication Date:: 2017-09-08

Research Org.:: Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE; Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO) (Spain); National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT) (Mexico); Generalitat Valenciana (Spain); Universities Research Association (URA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1389096

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1425732

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0013632; FPA2014-58183-P; CSD2009-00064; SEV-2014-0398; PROMETEOII/2014/084; GV2016-142; 166639; SC0009973

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: New Journal of Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: New Journal of Physics Journal Volume: 19 Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 1367-2630

Publisher:: IOP Publishing

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; neutrino masses and mixings; neutrino oscillations; neutrino interactions

Citation Formats


                    Escrihuela, F. J., Forero, D. V., Miranda, O. G., Tórtola, M., and Valle, J. W. F. Probing CP violation with non-unitary mixing in long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments: DUNE as a case study.  United Kingdom: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aa79ec.

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                    Escrihuela, F. J., Forero, D. V., Miranda, O. G., Tórtola, M., & Valle, J. W. F. Probing CP violation with non-unitary mixing in long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments: DUNE as a case study.  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aa79ec

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                    Escrihuela, F. J., Forero, D. V., Miranda, O. G., Tórtola, M., and Valle, J. W. F. Fri .  
"Probing CP violation with non-unitary mixing in long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments: DUNE as a case study".  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aa79ec.

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@article{osti_1389096,

  title        = {Probing CP violation with non-unitary mixing in long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments: DUNE as a case study},

  author       = {Escrihuela, F. J. and Forero, D. V. and Miranda, O. G. and Tórtola, M. and Valle, J. W. F.},

  abstractNote = {When neutrino masses arise from the exchange of neutral heavy leptons, as in most seesaw schemes, the effective lepton mixing matrix N describing neutrino propagation is non-unitary, hence neutrinos are not exactly orthonormal. New CP violation phases appear in N that could be confused with the standard phase ${\delta }_{\mathrm{CP}}$ characterizing the three neutrino paradigm.We study the potential of the long-baseline neutrino experiment DUNE in probing CP violation induced by the standard CP phase in the presence of non-unitarity. In order to accomplish this we develop our previous formalism, so as to take into account the neutrino interactions with the medium, important in long baseline experiments such as DUNE. In this study we find that the expected CP sensitivity of DUNE is somewhat degraded with respect to that characterizing the standard unitary case. However the effect is weaker than might have been expected thanks mainly to the wide neutrino beam. We also investigate the sensitivity of DUNE to the parameters characterizing non-unitarity. In this case we find that there is no improvement expected with respect to the current situation, unless the near detector setup is revamped.},

  doi          = {10.1088/1367-2630/aa79ec},

  journal      = {New Journal of Physics},

  number       = 9,

  volume       = 19,

  place        = {United Kingdom},

  year         = {2017},

  month        = {9}

}

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With the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) as an example, we show that the presence of even one sterile neutrino of mass ~1 eV can significantly impact the measurements of CP violation in long baseline experiments. Using a probability level analysis and neutrino-antineutrino asymmetry calculations, we discuss the large magnitude of these effects, and show how they translate into significant event rate deviations at DUNE. These results demonstrate that measurements which, when interpreted in the context of the standard three family paradigm, indicate CP conservation at long baselines, may, in fact hide large CP violation if there is a sterilemore »« less
Cited by 24
https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2015)039

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Non-Unitary PMNS Matrix, Leptogenesis and Low Energy CP Violation

Journal Article Rodejohann, Werner - AIP Conference Proceedings

It is well-known that for unflavored leptogenesis there is in general no connection between low and high energy CP violation. We stress that for a non-unitary lepton mixing matrix this may not be the case. We give an illustrative example for this connection and show that the non-standard CP phases that are induced by non-unitarity can be responsible for observable effects in neutrino oscillation experiments as well as for the generation of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3399406
Probing nonunitary mixing and CP violation at a neutrino factory

Journal Article Antusch, Stefan ; Blennow, Mattias ; Fernandez-Martinez, Enrique ; ... - Physical Review. D, Particles Fields

A low-energy nonunitary leptonic mixing matrix is a generic feature of many extensions of the standard model. In such a case, the task of future precision neutrino oscillation experiments is more ambitious than measuring the three mixing angles and the leptonic (Dirac) CP phase, i.e., the accessible parameters of a unitary leptonic mixing matrix. A nonunitary mixing matrix has 13 parameters that affect neutrino oscillations, out of which four are CP violating. In the scheme of minimal unitarity violation we analyze the potential of a neutrino factory for determining or constraining the parameters of the nonunitary leptonic mixing matrix, therebymore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVD.80.033002

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Title: Probing CP violation with non-unitary mixing in long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments: DUNE as a case study

Abstract

Citation Formats

Limits on neutral heavy lepton production from Z0 decay journal, September 1990

Confronting spin flavor solutions of the solar neutrino problem with current and future solar neutrino data journal, November 2002

Leptonic CP violation with massless neutrinos journal, July 1989

Measuring the leptonic C P phase in neutrino oscillations with nonunitary mixing journal, February 2017

Neutrino oscillations journal, July 2013

Neutrino oscillations and the seesaw origin of neutrino mass journal, July 2016

Discriminating sterile neutrinos and unitarity violation with C P invariants journal, April 2017

Erratum: On the description of nonunitary neutrino mixing [Phys. Rev. D 92 , 053009 (2015)] journal, June 2016

Unitarity and the three flavor neutrino mixing matrix journal, June 2016

Large Mixing Angle Oscillations as a Probe of the Deep Solar Interior journal, March 2003

Updated global analysis of the atmospheric neutrino data in terms of neutrino oscillations journal, July 2000

Extending limits on neutral heavy leptons journal, June 1984

Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance journal, May 2006

Analysis of leptonic charged weak interactions journal, January 1985

Fast decaying neutrinos and observable flavour violation in a new class of majoron models journal, January 1989

MSW effect in a fluctuating matter density journal, September 1996

Improved Measurement of the π → e ν Branching Ratio journal, August 2015

Leptonic CP violating asymmetries in Z0 decays journal, August 1990

Search for neutral heavy leptons produced in Z decays journal, March 1997

Neutrino oscillations in matter journal, May 1978

Search for νμ→νe oscillations in the NOMAD experiment journal, September 2003

Final results on oscillation from the CHORUS experiment journal, April 2008

Production mechanisms and signatures of isosinglet neutral heavy leptons in Z0 decays journal, February 1990

Non-unitarity, sterile neutrinos, and non-standard neutrino interactions journal, April 2017

Rare Kaon and Pion Decays: Incisive Probes for New Physics Beyond the Standard Model journal, November 2011

Probing CP violation with T2K, NOνA and DUNE in the presence of non-unitarity journal, September 2016

Search for ν μ → ν e and ν ¯ μ → ν ¯ e Oscillations at NuTeV journal, June 2002

Measurement of neutrino mixing angle θ 13 and mass difference Δ m ee 2 from reactor antineutrino disappearance in the RENO experiment journal, July 2016

The simplest resonant spin-flavour solution to the solar neutrino problem journal, February 2001

How Sensitive is a Neutrino Factory to the Angle θ 13 ? journal, February 2002

Combining experimental and cosmological constraints on heavy neutrinos journal, August 2017

Neutrino oscillations refitted journal, November 2014

Lepton flavour non-conservation at high energies in a superstring inspired standard model journal, March 1987

Branching ratio for the rare pion decay into positron and neutrino journal, January 1993

Supersymmetric SO(10) Seesaw Mechanism with Low B − L Scale journal, October 2005

A framework for testing leptonic unitarity by neutrino oscillation experiments journal, February 2017

A facility to search for hidden particles at the CERN SPS: the SHiP physics case journal, October 2016

Nobel Lecture: The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory: Observation of flavor change for solar neutrinos journal, July 2016

First muon-neutrino disappearance study with an off-axis beam journal, February 2012

Two-Loop Effective Theory Analysis of π ( K ) → e ν ¯ e [ γ ] Branching Ratios journal, December 2007

Nobel Lecture: Discovery of atmospheric neutrino oscillations journal, July 2016

Helioseismology journal, November 2002

Dynamical left-right symmetry breaking journal, March 1996

Effect of steriles states on lepton magnetic moments and neutrinoless double beta decay journal, September 2014

Observation of Electron-Antineutrino Disappearance at Daya Bay journal, April 2012

Resonant oscillations of massless neutrinos in matter journal, December 1987

New features in the simulation of neutrino oscillation experiments with GLoBES 3.0 journal, September 2007

The effect of random matter density perturbations on the MSW solution to the solar neutrino problem journal, July 1996

Reactor ν ¯ e disappearance in the Double Chooz experiment journal, September 2012

Enhanced Lepton Flavor Violation with Massless Neutrinos: a Study of muon and tau Decays journal, February 1992

Symmetrical parametrizations of the lepton mixing matrix journal, October 2011

Non-unitarity of the leptonic mixing matrix: present bounds and future sensitivities journal, October 2014

Neutrino mass and baryon-number nonconservation in superstring models journal, September 1986

Isosinglet-neutral heavy-lepton production in Z-decays and neutrino mass journal, September 1990

Global constraints on heavy neutrino mixing journal, August 2016

Hints for Leptonic C P Violation or New Physics? journal, July 2016

Intensity of Plasmon Satellites in Ultrasoft-X-Ray Photoemission Spectra journal, January 1980

The CHORUS experiment to search for νμ → ντ oscillation journal, December 1997

Search for heavy Majorana neutrinos with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV journal, July 2015

Confusing nonstandard neutrino interactions with oscillations at a neutrino factory journal, July 2002

Non-standard neutrino interactions at DUNE journal, July 2016

Testing nonunitarity of neutrino mixing matrices at neutrino factories journal, August 2008

First Measurement of Electron Neutrino Appearance in NOvA journal, April 2016

Observation of Reactor Electron Antineutrinos Disappearance in the RENO Experiment journal, May 2012

Solar fusion cross sections. II. The p p chain and CNO cycles journal, April 2011

New Ambiguity in Probing C P Violation in Neutrino Oscillations journal, August 2016

Neutrino masses in SU(2) ⊗ U(1) theories journal, November 1980

Tree-level lepton universality violation in the presence of sterile neutrinos: impact for R K and R π journal, February 2013

Sterile neutrinos in leptonic and semileptonic decays journal, February 2014

Final NOMAD results on νμ→ντ and νe→ντ oscillations including a new search for ντ appearance using hadronic τ decays journal, September 2001

Simulation of long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments with GLoBES journal, May 2005

Measurements of neutrino oscillation in appearance and disappearance channels by the T2K experiment with 6.6 × 1 0 20 protons on target journal, April 2015

Resonant origin for density fluctuations deep within the Sun: helioseismology and magneto-gravity waves journal, February 2004

Measurement of electron antineutrino oscillation based on 1230 days of operation of the Daya Bay experiment journal, April 2017

On the description of nonunitary neutrino mixing journal, September 2015

Review of Particle Physics journal, September 2008

Mixing between ordinary and exotic fermions journal, August 1988

Limits on neutral heavy lepton production from Z0 decay
journal, September 1990

Confronting spin flavor solutions of the solar neutrino problem with current and future solar neutrino data
journal, November 2002

Leptonic CP violation with massless neutrinos
journal, July 1989

Measuring the leptonic $C P$ phase in neutrino oscillations with nonunitary mixing
journal, February 2017

Neutrino oscillations
journal, July 2013

Neutrino oscillations and the seesaw origin of neutrino mass
journal, July 2016

Discriminating sterile neutrinos and unitarity violation with $C P$ invariants
journal, April 2017

Erratum: On the description of nonunitary neutrino mixing [Phys. Rev. D 92 , 053009 (2015)]
journal, June 2016

Unitarity and the three flavor neutrino mixing matrix
journal, June 2016

Large Mixing Angle Oscillations as a Probe of the Deep Solar Interior
journal, March 2003

Updated global analysis of the atmospheric neutrino data in terms of neutrino oscillations
journal, July 2000

Extending limits on neutral heavy leptons
journal, June 1984

Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
journal, May 2006

Analysis of leptonic charged weak interactions
journal, January 1985

Fast decaying neutrinos and observable flavour violation in a new class of majoron models
journal, January 1989

MSW effect in a fluctuating matter density
journal, September 1996

Improved Measurement of the $π \to e ν$ Branching Ratio
journal, August 2015

Leptonic CP violating asymmetries in Z0 decays
journal, August 1990

Search for neutral heavy leptons produced in Z decays
journal, March 1997

Neutrino oscillations in matter
journal, May 1978

Search for νμ→νe oscillations in the NOMAD experiment
journal, September 2003

Final results on oscillation from the CHORUS experiment
journal, April 2008

Production mechanisms and signatures of isosinglet neutral heavy leptons in Z0 decays
journal, February 1990

Non-unitarity, sterile neutrinos, and non-standard neutrino interactions
journal, April 2017

Rare Kaon and Pion Decays: Incisive Probes for New Physics Beyond the Standard Model
journal, November 2011

Probing CP violation with T2K, NOνA and DUNE in the presence of non-unitarity
journal, September 2016

Search for $ν_{μ} \to ν_{e}$ and ${\bar{ν}}_{μ} \to {\bar{ν}}_{e}$ Oscillations at NuTeV
journal, June 2002

Measurement of neutrino mixing angle θ 13 and mass difference $Δ m_{ee}^{2}$ from reactor antineutrino disappearance in the RENO experiment
journal, July 2016

The simplest resonant spin-flavour solution to the solar neutrino problem
journal, February 2001

How Sensitive is a Neutrino Factory to the Angle $θ_{13}$ ?
journal, February 2002

Combining experimental and cosmological constraints on heavy neutrinos
journal, August 2017

Neutrino oscillations refitted
journal, November 2014

Lepton flavour non-conservation at high energies in a superstring inspired standard model
journal, March 1987

Branching ratio for the rare pion decay into positron and neutrino
journal, January 1993

Supersymmetric SO(10) Seesaw Mechanism with Low $B − L$ Scale
journal, October 2005

A framework for testing leptonic unitarity by neutrino oscillation experiments
journal, February 2017

A facility to search for hidden particles at the CERN SPS: the SHiP physics case
journal, October 2016

Nobel Lecture: The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory: Observation of flavor change for solar neutrinos
journal, July 2016

First muon-neutrino disappearance study with an off-axis beam
journal, February 2012

Two-Loop Effective Theory Analysis of $π$ $(K) \to e {\bar{ν}}_{e} [γ]$ Branching Ratios
journal, December 2007

Nobel Lecture: Discovery of atmospheric neutrino oscillations
journal, July 2016

Helioseismology
journal, November 2002

Dynamical left-right symmetry breaking
journal, March 1996

Effect of steriles states on lepton magnetic moments and neutrinoless double beta decay
journal, September 2014

Observation of Electron-Antineutrino Disappearance at Daya Bay
journal, April 2012

Resonant oscillations of massless neutrinos in matter
journal, December 1987

New features in the simulation of neutrino oscillation experiments with GLoBES 3.0
journal, September 2007

The effect of random matter density perturbations on the MSW solution to the solar neutrino problem
journal, July 1996

Reactor ${\bar{ν}}_{e}$ disappearance in the Double Chooz experiment
journal, September 2012

Enhanced Lepton Flavor Violation with Massless Neutrinos: a Study of muon and tau Decays
journal, February 1992

Symmetrical parametrizations of the lepton mixing matrix
journal, October 2011

Non-unitarity of the leptonic mixing matrix: present bounds and future sensitivities
journal, October 2014

Neutrino mass and baryon-number nonconservation in superstring models
journal, September 1986

Isosinglet-neutral heavy-lepton production in Z-decays and neutrino mass
journal, September 1990

Global constraints on heavy neutrino mixing
journal, August 2016

Hints for Leptonic $C P$ Violation or New Physics?
journal, July 2016

Intensity of Plasmon Satellites in Ultrasoft-X-Ray Photoemission Spectra
journal, January 1980

The CHORUS experiment to search for νμ → ντ oscillation
journal, December 1997

Search for heavy Majorana neutrinos with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV
journal, July 2015

Confusing nonstandard neutrino interactions with oscillations at a neutrino factory
journal, July 2002

Non-standard neutrino interactions at DUNE
journal, July 2016

Testing nonunitarity of neutrino mixing matrices at neutrino factories
journal, August 2008

First Measurement of Electron Neutrino Appearance in NOvA
journal, April 2016

Observation of Reactor Electron Antineutrinos Disappearance in the RENO Experiment
journal, May 2012

Solar fusion cross sections. II. The $p p$ chain and CNO cycles
journal, April 2011

New Ambiguity in Probing $C P$ Violation in Neutrino Oscillations
journal, August 2016

Neutrino masses in SU(2) ⊗ U(1) theories
journal, November 1980

Tree-level lepton universality violation in the presence of sterile neutrinos: impact for R K and R π
journal, February 2013

Sterile neutrinos in leptonic and semileptonic decays
journal, February 2014

Final NOMAD results on νμ→ντ and νe→ντ oscillations including a new search for ντ appearance using hadronic τ decays
journal, September 2001

Simulation of long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments with GLoBES
journal, May 2005

Measurements of neutrino oscillation in appearance and disappearance channels by the T2K experiment with $6.6 \times 1 0^{20}$ protons on target
journal, April 2015

Resonant origin for density fluctuations deep within the Sun: helioseismology and magneto-gravity waves
journal, February 2004

Measurement of electron antineutrino oscillation based on 1230 days of operation of the Daya Bay experiment
journal, April 2017

On the description of nonunitary neutrino mixing
journal, September 2015

Review of Particle Physics
journal, September 2008

Mixing between ordinary and exotic fermions
journal, August 1988

Limits on neutrino mixing with new heavy particles
journal, May 1994

Precision tau physics
journal, March 2014

Enhanced solar antineutrino flux in random magnetic fields
journal, December 2004