Coherent and Incoherent Coupling Dynamics between Neutral and Charged Excitons in Monolayer MoSe2

Hao, Kai; Xu, Lixiang; Nagler, Philipp; Singh, Akshay; Tran, Kha; Dass, Chandriker Kavir; Schüller, Christian; Korn, Tobias; Li, Xiaoqin; Moody, Galan

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02041

Title: Coherent and Incoherent Coupling Dynamics between Neutral and Charged Excitons in Monolayer MoSe₂

Abstract

The optical properties of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides are dominated by both neutral excitons (electron–hole pairs) and charged excitons (trions) that are stable even at room temperature. While trions directly influence charge transport properties in optoelectronic devices, excitons may be relevant through exciton–trion coupling and conversion phenomena. Here in this work, we reveal the coherent and incoherent nature of exciton–trion coupling and the relevant time scales in monolayer MoSe₂ using optical two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy. Coherent interaction between excitons and trions is definitively identified as quantum beating of cross peaks in the spectra that persists for a few hundred femtoseconds. For longer times up to 10 ps, surprisingly, the relative intensity of the cross peaks increases, which is attributed to incoherent energy transfer likely due to phonon-assisted up-conversion and down-conversion processes that are efficient even at cryogenic temperature.

Authors:

Hao, Kai ^[1]; Xu, Lixiang ^[1]; Nagler, Philipp ^[2]; Singh, Akshay ^[1]; Tran, Kha ^[1]; Dass, Chandriker Kavir ^[1]; Schüller, Christian ^[2]; Korn, Tobias ^[2]; Li, Xiaoqin ^[1]; Moody, Galan ^[3]

Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States). Dept. of Physics and Center for Complex Quantum Systems
Univ. of Regensburg (Germany). Dept. of Physics
National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO (United States)

Publication Date:: Fri Jul 22 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Research Org.:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Spins and Heat in Nanoscale Electronic Systems (SHINES)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1388923

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012670

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nano Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 16; Journal Issue: 8; Related Information: SHINES partners with University of California, Riverside (lead); Arizona State University; Colorado State University; Johns Hopkins University; University of California Irvine; University of California Los Angeles; University of Texas at Austin; Journal ID: ISSN 1530-6984

Publisher:: American Chemical Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; phonons; thermal conductivity; thermoelectric; spin dynamics; spintronics

Citation Formats


                    Hao, Kai, Xu, Lixiang, Nagler, Philipp, Singh, Akshay, Tran, Kha, Dass, Chandriker Kavir, Schüller, Christian, Korn, Tobias, Li, Xiaoqin, and Moody, Galan. Coherent and Incoherent Coupling Dynamics between Neutral and Charged Excitons in Monolayer MoSe2.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02041.

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                    Hao, Kai, Xu, Lixiang, Nagler, Philipp, Singh, Akshay, Tran, Kha, Dass, Chandriker Kavir, Schüller, Christian, Korn, Tobias, Li, Xiaoqin, & Moody, Galan. Coherent and Incoherent Coupling Dynamics between Neutral and Charged Excitons in Monolayer MoSe2.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02041

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                    Hao, Kai, Xu, Lixiang, Nagler, Philipp, Singh, Akshay, Tran, Kha, Dass, Chandriker Kavir, Schüller, Christian, Korn, Tobias, Li, Xiaoqin, and Moody, Galan. Fri .  
"Coherent and Incoherent Coupling Dynamics between Neutral and Charged Excitons in Monolayer MoSe2".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02041.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1388923.

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@article{osti_1388923,

  title        = {Coherent and Incoherent Coupling Dynamics between Neutral and Charged Excitons in Monolayer MoSe2},

  author       = {Hao, Kai and Xu, Lixiang and Nagler, Philipp and Singh, Akshay and Tran, Kha and Dass, Chandriker Kavir and Schüller, Christian and Korn, Tobias and Li, Xiaoqin and Moody, Galan},

  abstractNote = {The optical properties of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides are dominated by both neutral excitons (electron–hole pairs) and charged excitons (trions) that are stable even at room temperature. While trions directly influence charge transport properties in optoelectronic devices, excitons may be relevant through exciton–trion coupling and conversion phenomena. Here in this work, we reveal the coherent and incoherent nature of exciton–trion coupling and the relevant time scales in monolayer MoSe2 using optical two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy. Coherent interaction between excitons and trions is definitively identified as quantum beating of cross peaks in the spectra that persists for a few hundred femtoseconds. For longer times up to 10 ps, surprisingly, the relative intensity of the cross peaks increases, which is attributed to incoherent energy transfer likely due to phonon-assisted up-conversion and down-conversion processes that are efficient even at cryogenic temperature.},

  doi          = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02041},

  journal      = {Nano Letters},

  number       = 8,

  volume       = 16,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Jul 22 00:00:00 EDT 2016},

  month        = {Fri Jul 22 00:00:00 EDT 2016}

}

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The emerging field of valleytronics aims to exploit the valley pseudospin of electrons residing near Bloch band extrema as an information carrier. Recent experiments demonstrating optical generation and manipulation of exciton valley coherence (the superposition of electron-hole pairs at opposite valleys) in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) provide a critical step towards control of this quantum degree of freedom. The charged exciton (trion) in TMDs is an intriguing alternative to the neutral exciton for control of valley pseudospin because of its long spontaneous recombination lifetime, its robust valley polarization, and its coupling to residual electronic spin. Trion valley coherence hasmore »« less
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https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/aa70f9

Full Text Available
Well separated trion and neutral excitons on superacid treated MoS{sub 2} monolayers

Journal Article Cadiz, Fabian ; Tricard, Simon ; Gay, Maxime ; ... - Applied Physics Letters

Developments in optoelectronics and spin-optronics based on transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers (MLs) need materials with efficient optical emission and well-defined transition energies. In as-exfoliated MoS{sub 2} MLs, the photoluminescence (PL) spectra even at low temperature consist typically of broad, overlapping contributions from neutral, charged excitons (trions) and localized states. Here, we show that in superacid treated MoS{sub 2} MLs, the PL intensity increases by up to 60 times at room temperature. The neutral and charged exciton transitions are spectrally well separated in PL and reflectivity at T = 4 K, with linewidth for the neutral exciton of 15 meV, but both transitions have similarmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4954837
Imaging Charged Exciton Localization in van der Waals WSe₂/MoSe₂ Heterobilayers

Journal Article Gabel, Matthew ; El-Khoury, Patrick Z. ; Gu, Yi - Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

Exciton localization in transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayers is behind a variety of interesting phenomena and applications, including broad-spectrum solar cells and singlephoton emissions. Strain fields at the periphery of topographically distinct features such as nanoscopic bubbles were recently associated with localized charge-neutral excitons. Here, we use tip-enhanced photoluminescence (PL) to visualize excitons in WSe₂/MoSe₂ heterobilayers (HBL). We find strong optical emission from charged excitons, particularly positively charged trions, in HBL supported by interlayer charge transfer. Our results reveal strong trion confinement, with a localization length scale comparable to the trion size, at the apex region inside individual nanoscopic bubbles. Nano-PL mappingmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03093

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Valley-dependent exciton fine structure and Autler–Townes doublets from Berry phases in monolayer MoSe₂

Journal Article Yong, Chaw-Keong ; Utama, M. Iqbal Bakti ; Ong, Chin Shen ; ... - Nature Materials

The Berry phase of Bloch states can have profound effects on electron dynamics and lead to novel transport phenomena, such as the anomalous Hall effect and the valley Hall effect. Recently, it was predicted that the Berry phase effect can also modify the exciton states in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers, and lift the energy degeneracy of exciton states with opposite angular momentum through an effective valley-orbital coupling. Here, we report the observation and control of the Berry phase-induced splitting of the 2p exciton states in monolayer molybdenum diselenide (MoSe₂) using the intraexciton optical Stark spectroscopy. We observe the time-reversal-symmetric analoguemore »« less
Cited by 28
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-019-0447-8

Full Text Available

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Title: Coherent and Incoherent Coupling Dynamics between Neutral and Charged Excitons in Monolayer MoSe2

Abstract

Citation Formats

Atomically Thin MoS2 A New Direct-Gap Semiconductor journal, September 2010

Emerging Photoluminescence in Monolayer MoS2 journal, April 2010

Spin and pseudospins in layered transition metal dichalcogenides journal, April 2014

Coupled Spin and Valley Physics in Monolayers of MoS 2 and Other Group-VI Dichalcogenides journal, May 2012

Optical generation of excitonic valley coherence in monolayer WSe2 journal, August 2013

Direct measurement of exciton valley coherence in monolayer WSe2 journal, February 2016

Exciton Binding Energy and Nonhydrogenic Rydberg Series in Monolayer WS 2 journal, August 2014

Exciton Binding Energy of Monolayer WS2 journal, March 2015

Tightly bound trions in monolayer MoS2 journal, December 2012

Electrical control of neutral and charged excitons in a monolayer semiconductor journal, February 2013

Coherent Electronic Coupling in Atomically Thin MoSe 2 journal, May 2014

Excitonic luminescence upconversion in a two-dimensional semiconductor journal, December 2015

Emerging Device Applications for Semiconducting Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides journal, January 2014

Electronics and optoelectronics of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides journal, November 2012

Quantum beats of excitons in quantum wells journal, April 1990

Raman Quantum Beats of Interacting Excitons journal, January 1998

Interacting many-body systems in quantum wells: Evidence for exciton-trion-electron correlations journal, June 2004

Observation of electromagnetically induced transparency journal, May 1991

Degenerate quantum-beat laser: Lasing without inversion and inversion without lasing journal, June 1989

Experimental Demonstration of Laser Oscillation without Population Inversion via Quantum Interference in Rb journal, August 1995

Cooling of a semiconductor by luminescence up-conversion journal, August 1999

Laser cooling of a semiconductor by 40 kelvin journal, January 2013

Multi-dimensional coherent optical spectroscopy of semiconductor nanostructures: Collinear and non-collinear approaches journal, March 2015

Many-Body Interactions in Semiconductors Probed by Optical Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform Spectroscopy journal, February 2006

Photoluminescence emission and Raman response of monolayer MoS_2, MoSe_2, and WSe_2 journal, January 2013

Splitting between bright and dark excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers journal, March 2016

Polarization analysis of excitons in monolayer and bilayer transition-metal dichalcogenides journal, September 2015

A versatile ultrastable platform for optical multidimensional Fourier-transform spectroscopy journal, July 2009

Exciton dynamics in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides journal, January 2016

Resonant internal quantum transitions and femtosecond radiative decay of excitons in monolayer WSe2 journal, July 2015

Intrinsic homogeneous linewidth and broadening mechanisms of excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides journal, September 2015

Optical Coherence in Atomic-Monolayer Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides Limited by Electron-Phonon Interactions journal, March 2016

Resonance lineshapes in two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy journal, January 2010

Quantum beats versus polarization interference: An experimental distinction journal, December 1992

Nature of nonlinear four-wave-mixing beats in semiconductors journal, August 1993

Persistent exciton-type many-body interactions in GaAs quantum wells measured using two-dimensional optical spectroscopy journal, May 2012

Coherent Excitonic Coupling in an Asymmetric Double InGaAs Quantum Well Arises from Many-Body Effects journal, January 2014

Isolating quantum coherence using coherent multi-dimensional spectroscopy with spectrally shaped pulses journal, January 2014

Coherent Coupling of Excitons and Trions in a Photoexcited CdTe/CdMgTe Quantum Well journal, March 2014

Strong Quantum Coherence between Fermi Liquid Mahan Excitons journal, April 2016

Biexciton formation and exciton coherent coupling in layered GaSe journal, April 2015

Coherent coupling between distant excitons revealed by two-dimensional nonlinear hyperspectral imaging journal, December 2010

Four-wave mixing dynamics of excitons in InGaAs self-assembled quantum dots journal, June 2007

Measurement of electronic splitting in PbS quantum dots by two-dimensional nonlinear spectroscopy journal, August 2012

Influence of exciton-exciton interactions on the coherent optical response in GaAs quantum wells journal, December 1993

Effects of correlation between inhomogeneously broadened transitions on quantum beats in transient four-wave mixing journal, April 1994

Correlation coefficient for dephasing of light-hole excitons and heavy-hole excitons in GaAs quantum wells journal, February 2008

Correlation and dephasing effects on the non-radiative coherence between bright excitons in an InAs QD ensemble measured with 2D spectroscopy journal, June 2013

Two-Quantum Many-Body Coherences in Two-Dimensional Fourier-Transform Spectra of Exciton Resonances in Semiconductor Quantum Wells journal, March 2010

Two-Dimensional Double-Quantum Spectra Reveal Collective Resonances in an Atomic Vapor journal, May 2012

Phonon-limited mobility in n -type single-layer MoS 2 from first principles journal, March 2012

Trion formation dynamics in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides journal, January 2016

Coherence in Energy Transfer and Photosynthesis journal, April 2015

Evidence for wavelike energy transfer through quantum coherence in photosynthetic systems journal, April 2007

Long-lived nanosecond spin relaxation and spin coherence of electrons in monolayer MoS2 and WS2 journal, August 2015

Coupled exciton-trion spin dynamics in a MoSe 2 monolayer journal, September 2018

Nanophotonics with 2D transition metal dichalcogenides [Invited] journal, January 2018

Triple sum frequency pump-probe spectroscopy of transition metal dichalcogenides journal, December 2019

Coherent coupling of individual quantum dots measured with phase-referenced two-dimensional spectroscopy: Photon echo versus double quantum coherence journal, July 2017

Many-body theory of optical absorption in doped two-dimensional semiconductors journal, March 2019

Exciton States in Monolayer MoSe 2 and MoTe 2 Probed by Upconversion Spectroscopy journal, September 2018

Interlayer charge transport controlled by exciton–trion coherent coupling journal, April 2019

Coherent feedback control of two-dimensional excitons journal, January 2020

Multidimensional Coherent Spectroscopy of Semiconductors journal, November 2018

Exchange-driven intravalley mixing of excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides journal, December 2018

Polarimetry of photon echo on charged and neutral excitons in semiconductor quantum wells journal, April 2019

Trion valley coherence in monolayer semiconductors journal, May 2017

Ultrafast quantum beats of anisotropic excitons in atomically thin ReS2 journal, January 2018

Nonlinear dynamics of trions under strong optical excitation in monolayer MoSe2 journal, February 2018

Impact of photodoping on inter- and intralayer exciton emission in a MoS 2 /MoSe 2 /MoS 2 heterostructure journal, August 2018

Single-scan acquisition of multiple multidimensional spectra journal, January 2019

Many-body simulation of two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of excitons and trions in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides journal, July 2019

Temporally Resolving Synchronous Degenerate and Nondegenerate Two-Photon Absorption in 2D Semiconducting Monolayers journal, December 2018

Neutral and charged inter-valley biexcitons in monolayer MoSe2 journal, June 2017

Exciton valley dynamics in monolayer Mo 1-x W x Se 2 (x = 0, 0.5, 1) journal, October 2017

Advances in multi-dimensional coherent spectroscopy of semiconductor nanostructures journal, May 2017

Polarimetry of photon echo on charged and neutral excitons in semiconductor quantum wells text, January 2019

Title: Coherent and Incoherent Coupling Dynamics between Neutral and Charged Excitons in Monolayer MoSe₂

Atomically Thin ${MoS}_{2}$ A New Direct-Gap Semiconductor
journal, September 2010

Emerging Photoluminescence in Monolayer MoS₂
journal, April 2010

Spin and pseudospins in layered transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, April 2014

Coupled Spin and Valley Physics in Monolayers of ${MoS}_{2}$ and Other Group-VI Dichalcogenides
journal, May 2012

Optical generation of excitonic valley coherence in monolayer WSe2
journal, August 2013

Direct measurement of exciton valley coherence in monolayer WSe2
journal, February 2016

Exciton Binding Energy and Nonhydrogenic Rydberg Series in Monolayer ${WS}_{2}$
journal, August 2014

Exciton Binding Energy of Monolayer WS2
journal, March 2015

Tightly bound trions in monolayer MoS2
journal, December 2012

Electrical control of neutral and charged excitons in a monolayer semiconductor
journal, February 2013

Coherent Electronic Coupling in Atomically Thin ${MoSe}_{2}$
journal, May 2014

Excitonic luminescence upconversion in a two-dimensional semiconductor
journal, December 2015

Emerging Device Applications for Semiconducting Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
journal, January 2014

Electronics and optoelectronics of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, November 2012

Quantum beats of excitons in quantum wells
journal, April 1990

Raman Quantum Beats of Interacting Excitons
journal, January 1998

Interacting many-body systems in quantum wells: Evidence for exciton-trion-electron correlations
journal, June 2004

Observation of electromagnetically induced transparency
journal, May 1991

Degenerate quantum-beat laser: Lasing without inversion and inversion without lasing
journal, June 1989

Experimental Demonstration of Laser Oscillation without Population Inversion via Quantum Interference in Rb
journal, August 1995

Cooling of a semiconductor by luminescence up-conversion
journal, August 1999

Laser cooling of a semiconductor by 40 kelvin
journal, January 2013

Multi-dimensional coherent optical spectroscopy of semiconductor nanostructures: Collinear and non-collinear approaches
journal, March 2015

Many-Body Interactions in Semiconductors Probed by Optical Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform Spectroscopy
journal, February 2006

Photoluminescence emission and Raman response of monolayer MoS_2, MoSe_2, and WSe_2
journal, January 2013

Splitting between bright and dark excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers
journal, March 2016

Polarization analysis of excitons in monolayer and bilayer transition-metal dichalcogenides
journal, September 2015

A versatile ultrastable platform for optical multidimensional Fourier-transform spectroscopy
journal, July 2009

Exciton dynamics in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, January 2016

Resonant internal quantum transitions and femtosecond radiative decay of excitons in monolayer WSe2
journal, July 2015

Intrinsic homogeneous linewidth and broadening mechanisms of excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, September 2015

Optical Coherence in Atomic-Monolayer Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides Limited by Electron-Phonon Interactions
journal, March 2016

Resonance lineshapes in two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy
journal, January 2010

Quantum beats versus polarization interference: An experimental distinction
journal, December 1992

Nature of nonlinear four-wave-mixing beats in semiconductors
journal, August 1993

Persistent exciton-type many-body interactions in GaAs quantum wells measured using two-dimensional optical spectroscopy
journal, May 2012

Coherent Excitonic Coupling in an Asymmetric Double InGaAs Quantum Well Arises from Many-Body Effects
journal, January 2014

Isolating quantum coherence using coherent multi-dimensional spectroscopy with spectrally shaped pulses
journal, January 2014

Coherent Coupling of Excitons and Trions in a Photoexcited CdTe/CdMgTe Quantum Well
journal, March 2014

Strong Quantum Coherence between Fermi Liquid Mahan Excitons
journal, April 2016

Biexciton formation and exciton coherent coupling in layered GaSe
journal, April 2015

Coherent coupling between distant excitons revealed by two-dimensional nonlinear hyperspectral imaging
journal, December 2010

Four-wave mixing dynamics of excitons in InGaAs self-assembled quantum dots
journal, June 2007

Measurement of electronic splitting in PbS quantum dots by two-dimensional nonlinear spectroscopy
journal, August 2012

Influence of exciton-exciton interactions on the coherent optical response in GaAs quantum wells
journal, December 1993

Effects of correlation between inhomogeneously broadened transitions on quantum beats in transient four-wave mixing
journal, April 1994

Correlation coefficient for dephasing of light-hole excitons and heavy-hole excitons in GaAs quantum wells
journal, February 2008

Correlation and dephasing effects on the non-radiative coherence between bright excitons in an InAs QD ensemble measured with 2D spectroscopy
journal, June 2013

Two-Quantum Many-Body Coherences in Two-Dimensional Fourier-Transform Spectra of Exciton Resonances in Semiconductor Quantum Wells
journal, March 2010

Two-Dimensional Double-Quantum Spectra Reveal Collective Resonances in an Atomic Vapor
journal, May 2012

Phonon-limited mobility in $n$ -type single-layer MoS $_{2}$ from first principles
journal, March 2012

Trion formation dynamics in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, January 2016

Coherence in Energy Transfer and Photosynthesis
journal, April 2015

Evidence for wavelike energy transfer through quantum coherence in photosynthetic systems
journal, April 2007

Long-lived nanosecond spin relaxation and spin coherence of electrons in monolayer MoS2 and WS2
journal, August 2015

Coupled exciton-trion spin dynamics in a MoSe ₂ monolayer
journal, September 2018

Nanophotonics with 2D transition metal dichalcogenides [Invited]
journal, January 2018

Triple sum frequency pump-probe spectroscopy of transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, December 2019

Coherent coupling of individual quantum dots measured with phase-referenced two-dimensional spectroscopy: Photon echo versus double quantum coherence
journal, July 2017

Many-body theory of optical absorption in doped two-dimensional semiconductors
journal, March 2019

Exciton States in Monolayer ${MoSe}_{2}$ and ${MoTe}_{2}$ Probed by Upconversion Spectroscopy
journal, September 2018

Interlayer charge transport controlled by exciton–trion coherent coupling
journal, April 2019

Coherent feedback control of two-dimensional excitons
journal, January 2020

Multidimensional Coherent Spectroscopy of Semiconductors
journal, November 2018

Exchange-driven intravalley mixing of excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, December 2018

Polarimetry of photon echo on charged and neutral excitons in semiconductor quantum wells
journal, April 2019

Trion valley coherence in monolayer semiconductors
journal, May 2017

Ultrafast quantum beats of anisotropic excitons in atomically thin ReS2
journal, January 2018

Nonlinear dynamics of trions under strong optical excitation in monolayer MoSe2
journal, February 2018

Impact of photodoping on inter- and intralayer exciton emission in a MoS ₂ /MoSe ₂ /MoS ₂ heterostructure
journal, August 2018

Single-scan acquisition of multiple multidimensional spectra
journal, January 2019

Many-body simulation of two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of excitons and trions in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
journal, July 2019

Temporally Resolving Synchronous Degenerate and Nondegenerate Two-Photon Absorption in 2D Semiconducting Monolayers
journal, December 2018

Neutral and charged inter-valley biexcitons in monolayer MoSe2
journal, June 2017

Exciton valley dynamics in monolayer Mo _1-x W _x Se ₂ (x = 0, 0.5, 1)
journal, October 2017

Advances in multi-dimensional coherent spectroscopy of semiconductor nanostructures
journal, May 2017

Polarimetry of photon echo on charged and neutral excitons in semiconductor quantum wells
text, January 2019

Coherent coupling of individual quantum dots measured with phase-referenced two-dimensional spectroscopy: photon echo versus double quantum coherence
text, January 2017

Inter-layer charge transport controlled by exciton-trion coherent coupling
text, January 2019