Long-term thermal effects on injectivity evolution during CO 2 storage

Vilarrasa, Victor; Rinaldi, Antonio P.; Rutqvist, Jonny

doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.07.019

Title: Long-term thermal effects on injectivity evolution during CO ₂ storage

Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) is likely to reach the bottom of injection wells at a colder temperature than that of the storage formation, causing cooling of the rock. This cooling, together with overpressure, tends to open up fractures, which may enhance injectivity. Here, we investigate cooling effects on injectivity enhancement by modeling the In Salah CO ₂ storage site and a theoretical, long-term injection case. We use stress-dependent permeability functions that predict an increase in permeability as the effective stress acting normal to fractures decreases. Normal effective stress can decrease either due to overpressure or cooling. We calibrate our In Salah model, which includes a fracture zone perpendicular to the well, obtaining a good fitting with the injection pressure measured at KB-502 and the rapid CO ₂ breakthrough that occurred at the observation well KB-5 located 2 km away from the injection well. CO ₂ preferentially advances through the fracture zone, which becomes two orders of magnitude more permeable than the rest of the reservoir. Nevertheless, the effect of cooling on the long-term injectivity enhancement is limited in pressure dominated storage sites, like at In Salah, because most of the permeability enhancement is due to overpressure. But, thermal effectsmore »« less

Authors:

Vilarrasa, Victor ^[1]; Rinaldi, Antonio P. ^[2]; Rutqvist, Jonny ^[3]

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Earth and Environmental Sciences Area; Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona (Spain). Inst. of Environmental Assessment and Water Research; Associated Unit Hydrogeology Group (UPC-CSIC), Barcelona (Spain)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Earth and Environmental Sciences Area; Swiss Federal Inst. of Technology, Zurich (Switzerland). Swiss Seismological Service
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Earth and Environmental Sciences Area

Publication Date:: Tue Aug 22 00:00:00 EDT 2017

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE)

OSTI Identifier:: 1379923

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 64; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 1750-5836

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 58 GEOSCIENCES; cooling; fracture aperture; permeability increase; thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling

Citation Formats


                    Vilarrasa, Victor, Rinaldi, Antonio P., and Rutqvist, Jonny. Long-term thermal effects on injectivity evolution during CO 2 storage.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.07.019.

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                    Vilarrasa, Victor, Rinaldi, Antonio P., & Rutqvist, Jonny. Long-term thermal effects on injectivity evolution during CO 2 storage.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.07.019

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                    Vilarrasa, Victor, Rinaldi, Antonio P., and Rutqvist, Jonny. Tue .  
"Long-term thermal effects on injectivity evolution during CO 2 storage".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.07.019.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1379923.

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@article{osti_1379923,

  title        = {Long-term thermal effects on injectivity evolution during CO 2 storage},

  author       = {Vilarrasa, Victor and Rinaldi, Antonio P. and Rutqvist, Jonny},

  abstractNote = {Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is likely to reach the bottom of injection wells at a colder temperature than that of the storage formation, causing cooling of the rock. This cooling, together with overpressure, tends to open up fractures, which may enhance injectivity. Here, we investigate cooling effects on injectivity enhancement by modeling the In Salah CO 2 storage site and a theoretical, long-term injection case. We use stress-dependent permeability functions that predict an increase in permeability as the effective stress acting normal to fractures decreases. Normal effective stress can decrease either due to overpressure or cooling. We calibrate our In Salah model, which includes a fracture zone perpendicular to the well, obtaining a good fitting with the injection pressure measured at KB-502 and the rapid CO 2 breakthrough that occurred at the observation well KB-5 located 2 km away from the injection well. CO 2 preferentially advances through the fracture zone, which becomes two orders of magnitude more permeable than the rest of the reservoir. Nevertheless, the effect of cooling on the long-term injectivity enhancement is limited in pressure dominated storage sites, like at In Salah, because most of the permeability enhancement is due to overpressure. But, thermal effects enhance injectivity in cooling dominated storage sites, which may decrease the injection pressure by 20%, saving a significant amount of compression energy all over the duration of storage projects. Overall, our simulation results show that cooling has the potential to enhance injectivity in fractured reservoirs.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.07.019},

  journal      = {International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 64,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Aug 22 00:00:00 EDT 2017},

  month        = {Tue Aug 22 00:00:00 EDT 2017}

}

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.07.019

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Title: Long-term thermal effects on injectivity evolution during CO 2 storage

Abstract

Citation Formats

A finite–element model for simulation of carbon dioxide sequestration journal, August 2014

CO2 migration and pressure evolution in deep saline aquifers journal, September 2015

A full field simulation of the in Salah gas production and CO2 storage project using a coupled geo-mechanical and thermal fluid flow simulator journal, January 2011

Numerical modeling of the pumping tests at the Ketzin pilot site for CO2 injection: Model calibration and heterogeneity effects journal, March 2014

Thermal coupling may control mechanical stability of geothermal reservoirs during cold water injection journal, January 2013

Development of a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical model in discontinuous media for carbon sequestration journal, September 2013

Solving iTOUGH2 simulation and optimization problems using the PEST protocol journal, July 2011

Geomechanical response to CO2 injection at Krechba, In Salah, Algeria journal, February 2012

Geomechanical modeling for CO2 storage in Nisku aquifer in Wabamun Lake area in Canada journal, September 2012

Optimization of a CO2 storage project based on thermal, geomechanical and induced fracturing effects journal, October 2015

Effects of thermal stresses on caprock integrity during CO2 storage journal, January 2013

Evaluating the impact of fractures on the performance of the In Salah CO2 storage site journal, March 2010

Seismic and aseismic deformations and impact on reservoir permeability: The case of EGS stimulation at The Geysers, California, USA: EGS AT THE GEYSERS journal, November 2015

Above-zone pressure monitoring and geomechanical analyses for a field-scale CO 2 injection project in Cranfield, MS : Above-zone pressure monitoring and geomechanical analyses for a field-scale CO journal, November 2013

Hydro-thermo-mechanical analysis during injection of cold fluid into a geologic formation journal, July 2015

A numerical study on the long term thermo-poroelastic effects of cold water injection into naturally fractured geothermal reservoirs journal, July 2011

Coupled Hydro-mechanical Processes Associated with Multiphase Flow in a Dual-continuum System: Formulations and an Application journal, October 2012

On the relationship between stress and elastic strain for porous and fractured rock journal, February 2009

On the anisotropy of the aperture correlation and effective transmissivity in fractures generated by sliding between identical self-affine surfaces journal, January 2005

Satellite imaging to monitor CO2 movement at Krechba, Algeria journal, February 2009

A study of injection-induced mechanical deformation at the In Salah CO2 storage project journal, March 2011

Detection of surface deformation related with CO2 injection by DInSAR at In Salah, Algeria journal, February 2009

Microseismic Monitoring and Interpretation of Injection Data from the in Salah CO2 Storage Site (Krechba), Algeria journal, January 2013

Transient CO2 leakage and injection in wellbore-reservoir systems for geologic carbon sequestration journal, October 2011

Coupled multi-phase thermo-poromechanical effects. Case study: CO2 injection at In Salah, Algeria journal, July 2011

Modeling of deep fracture zone opening and transient ground surface uplift at KB-502 CO2 injection well, In Salah, Algeria journal, January 2013

Effects of fault-zone architecture on earthquake magnitude and gas leakage related to CO 2 injection in a multi-layered sedimentary system : Modeling and Analysis: Effects of fault architecture related to CO journal, January 2014

Fault reactivation during CO 2 sequestration: Effects of well orientation on seismicity and leakage journal, June 2015

Plume development around well KB-502 at the In Salah CO2 storage site journal, January 2009

Monitoring the geologic storage of carbon dioxide using multicomponent SAR interferometry journal, January 2013

A modeling approach for analysis of coupled multiphase fluid flow, heat transfer, and deformation in fractured porous rock journal, June 2002

Coupled reservoir-geomechanical analysis of CO2 injection and ground deformations at In Salah, Algeria journal, March 2010

Coupled non-isothermal, multiphase fluid flow, and geomechanical modeling of ground surface deformations and potential for induced micro-seismicity at the In Salah CO2 storage operation journal, January 2011

Fault activation and induced seismicity in geological carbon storage – Lessons learned from recent modeling studies journal, December 2016

Status of the TOUGH-FLAC simulator and recent applications related to coupled fluid flow and crustal deformations journal, June 2011

The Geomechanics of CO2 Storage in Deep Sedimentary Formations journal, January 2012

Fractured rock stress-permeability relationships from in situ data and effects of temperature and chemical-mechanical couplings journal, September 2014

A note on induced stress changes in hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs journal, April 1998

Assessment of carbon dioxide plume behaviour within the storage reservoir and the lower caprock around the KB-502 injection well at In Salah journal, March 2012

Numerical simulation of non-isothermal compositional gas flow: Application to carbon dioxide injection into gas reservoirs journal, May 2011

CO2-H2O mixtures in the geological sequestration of CO2. II. Partitioning in chloride brines at 12–100°C and up to 600 bar journal, July 2005

The microseismic response at the In Salah Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) site journal, January 2015

Reservoir monitoring and characterization using satellite geodetic data: Interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations from the Krechba field, Algeria journal, November 2008

Satellite-based measurements of surface deformation reveal fluid flow associated with the geological storage of carbon dioxide: FLUID FLOW ASSOCIATED WITH THE STORAGE OF CO journal, February 2010

Comparison of geomechanical deformation induced by megatonne-scale CO2 storage at Sleipner, Weyburn, and In Salah journal, July 2013

Simulation of seismic events induced by CO2 injection at In Salah, Algeria journal, September 2015

Thermal effects on geologic carbon storage journal, February 2017

Shear-Induced Flow Channels in a Single Rock Fracture and Their Effect on Solute Transport journal, December 2010

Liquid CO2 injection for geological storage in deep saline aquifers journal, May 2013

Semianalytical Solution for $$\text{ CO}_{2}$$ Plume Shape and Pressure Evolution During $$\text{ CO}_{2}$$ Injection in Deep Saline Formations journal, January 2013

Long term impacts of cold CO2 injection on the caprock integrity journal, May 2014

Thermal and capillary effects on the caprock mechanical stability at In Salah, Algeria journal, April 2015

The role of the stress regime on microseismicity induced by overpressure and cooling in geologic carbon storage journal, October 2016

Geomechanical behavior of the reservoir and caprock system at the In Salah CO2 storage project journal, May 2014

Validity of Cubic Law for fluid flow in a deformable rock fracture journal, December 1980

Effect of shear displacement on the aperture and permeability of a rock fracture journal, December 1998

Natural fractures within Knox reservoirs in the Appalachian Basin: characterization and impact on poroelastic response of injection journal, September 2019

The Influence of Coupled Thermomechanical Processes on the Pressure and Temperature due to Cold Water Injection into Multiple Fracture Zones in Deep Rock Formation journal, January 2020

Geomechanical Response of Fractured Reservoirs journal, September 2018

Influence of interphase mass transfer and diffusion processes on CO2-brine displacement in saline aquifers journal, November 2019

Induced seismicity in geologic carbon storage journal, January 2019

Potential of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$CO2 based geothermal energy extraction from hot sedimentary and dry rock reservoirs, and enabling carbon geo-sequestration journal, January 2020

Title: Long-term thermal effects on injectivity evolution during CO ₂ storage

A finite–element model for simulation of carbon dioxide sequestration
journal, August 2014

CO2 migration and pressure evolution in deep saline aquifers
journal, September 2015

A full field simulation of the in Salah gas production and CO2 storage project using a coupled geo-mechanical and thermal fluid flow simulator
journal, January 2011

Numerical modeling of the pumping tests at the Ketzin pilot site for CO2 injection: Model calibration and heterogeneity effects
journal, March 2014

Thermal coupling may control mechanical stability of geothermal reservoirs during cold water injection
journal, January 2013

Development of a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical model in discontinuous media for carbon sequestration
journal, September 2013

Solving iTOUGH2 simulation and optimization problems using the PEST protocol
journal, July 2011

Geomechanical response to CO2 injection at Krechba, In Salah, Algeria
journal, February 2012

Geomechanical modeling for CO2 storage in Nisku aquifer in Wabamun Lake area in Canada
journal, September 2012

Optimization of a CO2 storage project based on thermal, geomechanical and induced fracturing effects
journal, October 2015

Effects of thermal stresses on caprock integrity during CO2 storage
journal, January 2013

Evaluating the impact of fractures on the performance of the In Salah CO2 storage site
journal, March 2010

Seismic and aseismic deformations and impact on reservoir permeability: The case of EGS stimulation at The Geysers, California, USA: EGS AT THE GEYSERS
journal, November 2015

Above-zone pressure monitoring and geomechanical analyses for a field-scale CO ₂ injection project in Cranfield, MS : Above-zone pressure monitoring and geomechanical analyses for a field-scale CO
journal, November 2013

Hydro-thermo-mechanical analysis during injection of cold fluid into a geologic formation
journal, July 2015

A numerical study on the long term thermo-poroelastic effects of cold water injection into naturally fractured geothermal reservoirs
journal, July 2011

Coupled Hydro-mechanical Processes Associated with Multiphase Flow in a Dual-continuum System: Formulations and an Application
journal, October 2012

On the relationship between stress and elastic strain for porous and fractured rock
journal, February 2009

On the anisotropy of the aperture correlation and effective transmissivity in fractures generated by sliding between identical self-affine surfaces
journal, January 2005

Satellite imaging to monitor CO2 movement at Krechba, Algeria
journal, February 2009

A study of injection-induced mechanical deformation at the In Salah CO2 storage project
journal, March 2011

Detection of surface deformation related with CO2 injection by DInSAR at In Salah, Algeria
journal, February 2009

Microseismic Monitoring and Interpretation of Injection Data from the in Salah CO2 Storage Site (Krechba), Algeria
journal, January 2013

Transient CO2 leakage and injection in wellbore-reservoir systems for geologic carbon sequestration
journal, October 2011

Coupled multi-phase thermo-poromechanical effects. Case study: CO2 injection at In Salah, Algeria
journal, July 2011

Modeling of deep fracture zone opening and transient ground surface uplift at KB-502 CO2 injection well, In Salah, Algeria
journal, January 2013

Effects of fault-zone architecture on earthquake magnitude and gas leakage related to CO ₂ injection in a multi-layered sedimentary system : Modeling and Analysis: Effects of fault architecture related to CO
journal, January 2014

Fault reactivation during CO ₂ sequestration: Effects of well orientation on seismicity and leakage
journal, June 2015

Plume development around well KB-502 at the In Salah CO2 storage site
journal, January 2009

Monitoring the geologic storage of carbon dioxide using multicomponent SAR interferometry
journal, January 2013

A modeling approach for analysis of coupled multiphase fluid flow, heat transfer, and deformation in fractured porous rock
journal, June 2002

Coupled reservoir-geomechanical analysis of CO2 injection and ground deformations at In Salah, Algeria
journal, March 2010

Coupled non-isothermal, multiphase fluid flow, and geomechanical modeling of ground surface deformations and potential for induced micro-seismicity at the In Salah CO2 storage operation
journal, January 2011

Fault activation and induced seismicity in geological carbon storage – Lessons learned from recent modeling studies
journal, December 2016

Status of the TOUGH-FLAC simulator and recent applications related to coupled fluid flow and crustal deformations
journal, June 2011

The Geomechanics of CO2 Storage in Deep Sedimentary Formations
journal, January 2012

Fractured rock stress-permeability relationships from in situ data and effects of temperature and chemical-mechanical couplings
journal, September 2014

A note on induced stress changes in hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs
journal, April 1998

Assessment of carbon dioxide plume behaviour within the storage reservoir and the lower caprock around the KB-502 injection well at In Salah
journal, March 2012

Numerical simulation of non-isothermal compositional gas flow: Application to carbon dioxide injection into gas reservoirs
journal, May 2011

CO2-H2O mixtures in the geological sequestration of CO2. II. Partitioning in chloride brines at 12–100°C and up to 600 bar
journal, July 2005

The microseismic response at the In Salah Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) site
journal, January 2015

Reservoir monitoring and characterization using satellite geodetic data: Interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations from the Krechba field, Algeria
journal, November 2008

Satellite-based measurements of surface deformation reveal fluid flow associated with the geological storage of carbon dioxide: FLUID FLOW ASSOCIATED WITH THE STORAGE OF CO
journal, February 2010

Comparison of geomechanical deformation induced by megatonne-scale CO2 storage at Sleipner, Weyburn, and In Salah
journal, July 2013

Simulation of seismic events induced by CO2 injection at In Salah, Algeria
journal, September 2015

Thermal effects on geologic carbon storage
journal, February 2017

Shear-Induced Flow Channels in a Single Rock Fracture and Their Effect on Solute Transport
journal, December 2010

Liquid CO2 injection for geological storage in deep saline aquifers
journal, May 2013

Semianalytical Solution for $$\text{ CO}_{2}$$ Plume Shape and Pressure Evolution During $$\text{ CO}_{2}$$ Injection in Deep Saline Formations
journal, January 2013

Long term impacts of cold CO2 injection on the caprock integrity
journal, May 2014

Thermal and capillary effects on the caprock mechanical stability at In Salah, Algeria
journal, April 2015

The role of the stress regime on microseismicity induced by overpressure and cooling in geologic carbon storage
journal, October 2016

Geomechanical behavior of the reservoir and caprock system at the In Salah CO2 storage project
journal, May 2014

Validity of Cubic Law for fluid flow in a deformable rock fracture
journal, December 1980

Effect of shear displacement on the aperture and permeability of a rock fracture
journal, December 1998

Natural fractures within Knox reservoirs in the Appalachian Basin: characterization and impact on poroelastic response of injection
journal, September 2019

The Influence of Coupled Thermomechanical Processes on the Pressure and Temperature due to Cold Water Injection into Multiple Fracture Zones in Deep Rock Formation
journal, January 2020

Geomechanical Response of Fractured Reservoirs
journal, September 2018

Influence of interphase mass transfer and diffusion processes on CO2-brine displacement in saline aquifers
journal, November 2019

Induced seismicity in geologic carbon storage
journal, January 2019

Potential of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$CO2 based geothermal energy extraction from hot sedimentary and dry rock reservoirs, and enabling carbon geo-sequestration
journal, January 2020