Macromolecular Design Strategies for Preventing Active-Material Crossover in Non-Aqueous All-Organic Redox-Flow Batteries

Doris, Sean E.; Ward, Ashleigh L.; Baskin, Artem; Frischmann, Peter D.; Gavvalapalli, Nagarjuna; Chénard, Etienne; Sevov, Christo S.; Prendergast, David; Moore, Jeffrey S.; Helms, Brett A.

doi:10.1002/anie.201610582

Title: Macromolecular Design Strategies for Preventing Active-Material Crossover in Non-Aqueous All-Organic Redox-Flow Batteries

Journal Article · 10 January 2017 · Angewandte Chemie (International Edition)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201610582 · OSTI ID:1379650

Doris, Sean E. ^[1]; Ward, Ashleigh L. ^[2]; Baskin, Artem ^[2]; Frischmann, Peter D. ^[2]; Gavvalapalli, Nagarjuna ^[3]; Chénard, Etienne ^[3]; Sevov, Christo S. ^[4]; Prendergast, David ^[2]; Moore, Jeffrey S. ^[3];

^[2]

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States)
Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)

Intermittent energy sources, including solar and wind, require scalable, low-cost, multi-hour energy storage solutions in order to be effectively incorporated into the grid. All-Organic non-aqueous redox-flow batteries offer a solution, but suffer from rapid capacity fade and low Coulombic efficiency due to the high permeability of redox-active species across the battery's membrane. In this paper, we show that active-species crossover is arrested by scaling the membrane's pore size to molecular dimensions and in turn increasing the size of the active material above the membrane's pore-size exclusion limit. When oligomeric redox-active organics (RAOs) were paired with microporous polymer membranes, the rate of active-material crossover was reduced more than 9000-fold compared to traditional separators at minimal cost to ionic conductivity. This corresponds to an absolute rate of RAO crossover of less than 3 μmol cm^-2 day^-1 (for a 1.0 m concentration gradient), which exceeds performance targets recently set forth by the battery industry. Finally, this strategy was generalizable to both high and low-potential RAOs in a variety of non-aqueous electrolytes, highlighting the versatility of macromolecular design in implementing next-generation redox-flow batteries.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOD

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1379650

Journal Information:: Angewandte Chemie (International Edition), Vol. 56, Issue 6; ISSN 1433-7851

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
25 ENERGY STORAGE
energy storage
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Title: Macromolecular Design Strategies for Preventing Active-Material Crossover in Non-Aqueous All-Organic Redox-Flow Batteries

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