X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Characterization of the Synthesis Process: Revealing the Interactions in Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide-Modified Sulfur–Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites
In this paper, we have investigated the chemical bonding interaction of S in a CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CH 3(CH 2) 15N +(CH 3) 3Br –)-modified sulfur–graphene oxide (S–GO) nanocomposite used as the cathode material for Li/S cells by S K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The results show that the introduction of CTAB to the S–GO nanocomposite and changes in the synthesis recipe including alteration of the S precursor ratios and the sequence of mixing ingredients lead to the formation of different S species. CTAB modifies the cathode materials through bonding with Na 2S x in the precursor solution, which is subsequently converted to C–S bonds during the heat treatment at 155 °C. Moreover, GO bonds with CTAB and acts as the nucleation center for S precipitation. Finally, all these interactions among S, CTAB, and GO help to immobilize the sulfur in the cathode and may be responsible for the enhanced cell cycle life of CTAB–S–GO nanocomposite-based Li/S cells.
- Authors:
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[1];
[2];
[3];
[4];
[5];
[5];
[5];
[6];
[2];
[7];
[8]
- Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Hefei (China); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Harbin Inst. of Technology (China)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Harbin Inst. of Technology (China)
- Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Hefei (China)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231; 2013CB834605; U1232102; 21173200; 21473178; 2015SRG-HSC031; 2015HSC-UP022
- Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Physical Chemistry. C
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 120; Journal Issue: 19; Journal ID: ISSN 1932-7447
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society
- Research Org:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Hefei (China)
- Sponsoring Org:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22); National Basic Research Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC); Hefei Science Center of CAS (China)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1379346