Reaching the quantum limit of sensitivity in electron spin resonance

Bienfait, A.; Pla, J. J.; Kubo, Y.; Stern, M.; Zhou, X.; Lo, C. C.; Weis, C. D.; Schenkel, T.; Thewalt, M. L.  W.; Vion, D.; Esteve, D.; Julsgaard, B.; Mølmer, K.; Morton, J. J.  L.; Bertet, P.

doi:10.1038/nnano.2015.282

Title: Reaching the quantum limit of sensitivity in electron spin resonance

Abstract

The detection and characterization of paramagnetic species by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is widely used throughout chemistry, biology and materials science, from in vivo imaging to distance measurements in spin-labelled proteins. ESR relies on the inductive detection of microwave signals emitted by the spins into a coupled microwave resonator during their Larmor precession. However, such signals can be very small, prohibiting the application of ESR at the nanoscale (for example, at the single-cell level or on individual nanoparticles). Here in this work, using a Josephson parametric microwave amplifier combined with high-quality-factor superconducting microresonators cooled at millikelvin temperatures, we improve the state-of-the-art sensitivity of inductive ESR detection by nearly four orders of magnitude. We demonstrate the detection of 1,700 bismuth donor spins in silicon within a single Hahn echo with unit signal-to-noise ratio, reduced to 150 spins by averaging a single Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence. This unprecedented sensitivity reaches the limit set by quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field instead of thermal or technical noise, which constitutes a novel regime for magnetic resonance. In conclusion, the detection volume of our resonator is ~0.02nl, and our approach can be readily scaled down further to improve sensitivity, providing a new versatile toolbox for ESRmore » at the nanoscale.« less

Authors:

Bienfait, A. ^[1]; Pla, J. J. ^[2];

^[1]; Stern, M. ^[3]; Zhou, X. ^[4]; Lo, C. C. ^[2]; Weis, C. D. ^[5]; Schenkel, T. ^[5]; Thewalt, M. L. W. ^[6]; Vion, D. ^[1]; Esteve, D. ^[1]; Julsgaard, B. ^[7]; Mølmer, K. ^[7]; Morton, J. J. L. ^[2]; Bertet, P. ^[1]

Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France). Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNR
University College London (United Kingdom). London Centre for Nanotechnology
Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France). Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNR; Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan (Israel). Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, BINA
Univ. Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France). Quantronics Group, SPEC, CEA, CNR; Institute of Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology. ISEN Department
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division
Simon Fraser University, Burnaby (British Columbia). Department of Physics
Aarhus University (Denmark). Department of Physics and Astronomy

Publication Date:: Mon Dec 14 00:00:00 EST 2015

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1379135

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature Nanotechnology

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 11; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 1748-3387

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS

Citation Formats


                    Bienfait, A., Pla, J. J., Kubo, Y., Stern, M., Zhou, X., Lo, C. C., Weis, C. D., Schenkel, T., Thewalt, M. L.  W., Vion, D., Esteve, D., Julsgaard, B., Mølmer, K., Morton, J. J.  L., and Bertet, P. Reaching the quantum limit of sensitivity in electron spin resonance.  United States: N. p., 2015. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/nnano.2015.282.

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                    Bienfait, A., Pla, J. J., Kubo, Y., Stern, M., Zhou, X., Lo, C. C., Weis, C. D., Schenkel, T., Thewalt, M. L.  W., Vion, D., Esteve, D., Julsgaard, B., Mølmer, K., Morton, J. J.  L., & Bertet, P. Reaching the quantum limit of sensitivity in electron spin resonance.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.282

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                    Bienfait, A., Pla, J. J., Kubo, Y., Stern, M., Zhou, X., Lo, C. C., Weis, C. D., Schenkel, T., Thewalt, M. L.  W., Vion, D., Esteve, D., Julsgaard, B., Mølmer, K., Morton, J. J.  L., and Bertet, P. Mon .  
"Reaching the quantum limit of sensitivity in electron spin resonance".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.282.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1379135.

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@article{osti_1379135,

  title        = {Reaching the quantum limit of sensitivity in electron spin resonance},

  author       = {Bienfait, A. and Pla, J. J. and Kubo, Y. and Stern, M. and Zhou, X. and Lo, C. C. and Weis, C. D. and Schenkel, T. and Thewalt, M. L.  W. and Vion, D. and Esteve, D. and Julsgaard, B. and Mølmer, K. and Morton, J. J.  L. and Bertet, P.},

  abstractNote = {The detection and characterization of paramagnetic species by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is widely used throughout chemistry, biology and materials science, from in vivo imaging to distance measurements in spin-labelled proteins. ESR relies on the inductive detection of microwave signals emitted by the spins into a coupled microwave resonator during their Larmor precession. However, such signals can be very small, prohibiting the application of ESR at the nanoscale (for example, at the single-cell level or on individual nanoparticles). Here in this work, using a Josephson parametric microwave amplifier combined with high-quality-factor superconducting microresonators cooled at millikelvin temperatures, we improve the state-of-the-art sensitivity of inductive ESR detection by nearly four orders of magnitude. We demonstrate the detection of 1,700 bismuth donor spins in silicon within a single Hahn echo with unit signal-to-noise ratio, reduced to 150 spins by averaging a single Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence. This unprecedented sensitivity reaches the limit set by quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field instead of thermal or technical noise, which constitutes a novel regime for magnetic resonance. In conclusion, the detection volume of our resonator is ~0.02nl, and our approach can be readily scaled down further to improve sensitivity, providing a new versatile toolbox for ESR at the nanoscale.},

  doi          = {10.1038/nnano.2015.282},

  journal      = {Nature Nanotechnology},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 11,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Dec 14 00:00:00 EST 2015},

  month        = {Mon Dec 14 00:00:00 EST 2015}

}

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DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1903.01887

Dynamical coupling between a nuclear spin ensemble and electromechanical phonons
journal, August 2018

Okazaki, Yuma; Mahboob, Imran; Onomitsu, Koji
Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05463-3

Angular dependent micro-ESR characterization of a locally doped Gd3+:Al2O3 system
text, January 2015

Wisby, I. S.; de Graaf, S. E.; Gwilliam, R.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1512.02270

Concepts and Criteria for Blind Quantum Source Separation
text, January 2016

Deville, Alain; Deville, Yannick
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1611.04002

Controlling spin-orbit interactions in silicon quantum dots using magnetic field direction
text, January 2018

Tanttu, Tuomo; Hensen, Bas; Chan, Kok Wai
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1807.10415

Storing quantum information in spins and high-sensitivity ESR
text, January 2019

Morton, John J. L.; Bertet, Patrice
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1906.02092

A microwave resonator integrated on a polymer microfluidic chip
text, January 2016

Kiss, S. Z.; Rostas, A. M.; Heidinger, L.
Karlsruhe
DOI: 10.5445/ir/1000058658

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Indirectly detected chemical shift correlation NMR spectroscopy in solids under fast magic angle spinning

Thesis/Dissertation Mao, Kanmi

The development of fast magic angle spinning (MAS) opened up an opportunity for the indirect detection of insensitive low-γ nuclei (e.g., ¹³C and ¹⁵N) via the sensitive high-{gamma} nuclei (e.g., ¹H and ¹⁹F) in solid-state NMR, with advanced sensitivity and resolution. In this thesis, new methodology utilizing fast MAS is presented, including through-bond indirectly detected heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) spectroscopy, which is assisted by multiple RF pulse sequences for ¹H-¹H homonuclear decoupling. Also presented is a simple new strategy for optimization of ¹H-¹H homonuclear decoupling. As applications, various classes of materials, such as catalytic nanoscale materials, biomolecules, and organic complexes, are studied by combining indirect detection and other one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR techniques. Indirectly detected through-bond HETCOR spectroscopy utilizing refocused INEPT (INEPTR) mixing was developed under fast MAS (Chapter 2). The time performance of this approach in ¹H detected 2D ¹H{l_brace}¹³C{r_brace} spectra was significantly improved, by a factor of almost 10, compared to the traditional ¹³C detected experiments, as demonstrated by measuring naturally abundant organic-inorganic mesoporous hybrid materials. The through-bond scheme was demonstrated as a new analytical tool, which provides complementary structural information in solid-state systems in addition to through-space correlation. To further benefit the sensitivity of the INEPT transfer in rigid solids, the combined rotation and multiple-pulse spectroscopy (CRAMPS) was implemented for homonuclear ¹H decoupling under fast MAS (Chapter 3). Several decoupling schemes (PMLG5_m^{more » $$\bar{x}$$}, PMLG5_mm^$$\bar{x}$$x and SAM3) were analyzed to maximize the performance of through-bond transfer based on decoupling efficiency as well as scaling factors. Indirect detection with assistance of PMLG_m^$$\bar{x}$$ during INEPTR transfer proved to offer the highest sensitivity gains of 3-10. In addition, the CRAMPS sequence was applied under fast MAS to increase the ¹H resolution during t₁ evolution in the traditional, ¹³C detected HETCOR scheme. Two naturally abundant solids, tripeptide N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (f-MLF-OH) and brown coal, with well ordered and highly disordered structures, respectively, are studied to confirm the capabilities of these techniques. Concomitantly, a simple optimization of ¹H homonuclear dipolar decoupling at MAS rates exceeding 10 kHz was developed (Chapter 4). The fine-tuned decoupling efficiency can be obtained by minimizing the signal loss due to transverse relaxation in a simple spin-echo experiment, using directly the sample of interest. The excellent agreement between observed decoupling pattern and earlier theoretical predictions confirmed the utility of this strategy. The properties of naturally abundant surface-bound fluorocarbon groups in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were investigated by the above-mentioned multidimensional solid-state NMR experiments and theoretical modeling (Chapter 5). Two conformations of (pentafluorophenyl)propyl groups (abbreviated as PFP) were determined as PFP-prone and PFP-upright, whose aromatic rings are located above the siloxane bridges and in roughly upright position, respectively. Several 1D and 2D NMR techniques were implemented in the characterizations, including indirectly detected ¹H{l_brace}¹³C{r_brace} and ¹⁹F{l_brace}¹³C{r_brace} 2D HETCOR, Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) assisted ²⁹Si direct polarization and ²⁹Si¹⁹F 2D experiments, 2D double-quantum (DQ) ¹⁹F MAS NMR spectra and spin-echo measurements. Furthermore, conformational details of two types of PFP were confirmed by theoretical calculation, operated by Dr. Takeshi Kobayashi. Finally, the arrangement of two surfactants, cetyltrimetylammoium bromide (CTAB) and cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB), mixed inside the MSN pores, was studied by solid-state NMR (Chapter 6). By analyzing the ¹H-¹H DQMAS and NOESY correlation spectra, the CTAB and CPB molecules were shown to co-exist inside the pores without forming significant monocomponent domains. A 'folded-over' conformation of CPB headgroups was proposed according to the results from ¹H-²⁹Si 2D HETCOR.« less
https://doi.org/10.2172/1029608

Full Text Available
Persistence of slow fluctuations in the overdoped regime of Ba(Fe_1-xRh_x)₂As₂ superconductors

Thesis/Dissertation Bossoni, L. ; Moroni, M. ; Julien, M. H. ; ...

We present nuclear magnetic resonance evidence that very slow (1 MHz) spin fluctuations persist into the overdoped regime of Ba(Fe_1-xRh_x)₂As₂ superconductors. Measurements of the ⁷⁵As spin echo decay rate, obtained both with Hahn Echo and Carr Purcell Meiboom Gill pulse sequences, show that the slowing down of spin uctuations can be described by short-range diffusive dynamics, likely involving domain walls motions separating (π/a, 0) from (0, π/a) correlated regions. This slowing down of the fluctuations is weakly sensitive to the external magnetic field and, although fading away with doping, it extends deeply into the overdoped regime.
https://doi.org/10.2172/1326829

Full Text Available
Nuclear magnetic resonance evaluation of stroke: a preliminary report

Journal Article Bryan, R N ; Willcott, M R ; Schneiders, N J ; ... - Radiology; (United States)

Nine patients who had acute and subacute stroke were examined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) using a 6-MHz Bruker Instruments proton scanner. A modified Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill pulse sequence was used for signal detection. The resultant string of spin-echoes was Fourier transformed into projections that were subsequently back-projected to a series of spin-echo images. From these images, spin density and T/sub 2/ were calculated for each pixel. The NMR scans revealed stroke in each of the patients, while CT demonstrated only eight of the lesions. T/sub 2/ was prolonged in all of the ischemic regions and is the most sensitive NMR parametermore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.149.1.6310680
A sup 1 H NMR probe for mobility in the reactive center loops of serpins: Spin-echo studies of native and modified forms of ovalbumin and. alpha. sub 1 -proteinase inhibitor

Journal Article Hood, D B ; Gettins, P - Biochemistry; (United States)

It has recently been proposed that the expression of inhibitory activity in serine protease inhibitors (serpins) is a function of the mobility of the extended {alpha}-helical reactive center loop. The authors have employed solution {sup 1}H NMR methods, including the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) and Hahn spin-echo pulse sequences, to try to identify such regions by virtue of their anticipated longer {Tau}{sub 2} relaxation times in two of the best characterized members of the serpin superfamily, ovalbumin and {alpha}{sub 1}-proteinase inhibitor. The CPMG spectra of native ovalbumin reveal the presence of long-lived resonances form the methyl protons of alanine residues and themore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00101a021
High-field QCPMG NMR of Strontium Nuclei in Natural Minerals

Journal Article Bowers, Geoffrey M ; Lipton, Andrew S ; Mueller, Karl T - Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

We found that the only stable NMR-active isotope of strontium, ⁸⁷Sr, is a spin-9/2 quadrupolar nucleus that has a low gyromagnetic ratio, a low natural abundance, and a large nuclear electric quadrupole moment. In this work, we utilize the quadrupolar Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (QCPMG) pulse sequence and a 21.14 T NMR spectrometer at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to characterize the strontium sites in the natural minerals strontianite (SrCO ₃) and celestine (SrSO ₄). QCPMG at 21.14 T was found to provide sensitivity enhancements of roughly two orders of magnitude over Hahn-echo experiments at an 11.74 T magnetic field. We extracted themore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssnmr.2005.08.002

Similar Records

Title: Reaching the quantum limit of sensitivity in electron spin resonance

Abstract

Citation Formats

Electrical activation and electron spin resonance measurements of implanted bismuth in isotopically enriched silicon-28 journal, April 2012

Amplification and squeezing of quantum noise with a tunable Josephson metamaterial journal, October 2008

Optical detection of magnetic resonance in a single molecule journal, May 1993

Electroelastic Hyperfine Tuning of Phosphorus Donors in Silicon journal, January 2011

Planar microresonators for EPR experiments journal, August 2005

The initialization and manipulation of quantum information stored in silicon by bismuth dopants journal, August 2010

Observation of Quantum Jumps in a Superconducting Artificial Atom journal, March 2011

In vivo EPR detection and imaging of endogenous nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice journal, August 1996

Spin Echoes journal, November 1950

Single-shot readout of an electron spin in silicon journal, September 2010

High-gain weakly nonlinear flux-modulated Josephson parametric amplifier using a SQUID array journal, June 2014

Nanomechanical motion measured with an imprecision below that at the standard quantum limit journal, November 2009

Orthogonal Spin Labeling and Gd(III)–Nitroxide Distance Measurements on Bacteriophage T4-Lysozyme journal, March 2013

Induction-detection electron spin resonance with spin sensitivity of a few tens of spins journal, February 2015

Phase-preserving amplification near the quantum limit with a Josephson ring modulator journal, May 2010

Lock-in detection for pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance journal, April 2012

Superconducting microstrip resonator for pulsed ESR of thin films journal, May 2013

Probing Dynamics of an Electron-Spin Ensemble via a Superconducting Resonator journal, February 2013

Fast Charge Sensing of a Cavity-Coupled Double Quantum Dot Using a Josephson Parametric Amplifier journal, July 2015

Microstrip resonators for electron‐spin resonance journal, July 1991

Fast, low-power manipulation of spin ensembles in superconducting microresonators journal, June 2014

Direct observation of the precession of individual paramagnetic spins on oxidized silicon surfaces journal, May 1989

Atomic clock transitions in silicon-based spin qubits journal, June 2013

Increasing sensitivity of pulse EPR experiments using echo train detection schemes journal, November 2013

Mechanical detection of magnetic resonance journal, December 1992

Electron Spin Resonance Experiments on Donors in Silicon. I. Electronic Structure of Donors by the Electron Nuclear Double Resonance Technique journal, June 1959

Subnanometre resolution in three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of individual dark spins journal, March 2014

Quantum limits on noise in linear amplifiers journal, October 1982

Planar microresonators for EPR experiments text, January 2005

Subnanometre resolution in three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of individual dark spins text, January 2014

Spin Echoes journal, December 1950

Amplification and squeezing of quantum noise with a tunable Josephson metamaterial text, January 2008

Phase preserving amplification near the quantum limit with a Josephson Ring Modulator text, January 2009

Dispersive magnetometry with a quantum limited SQUID parametric amplifier text, January 2010

Electrical activation and electron spin resonance measurements of implanted bismuth in isotopically enriched silicon-28 text, January 2012

Probing dynamics of an electron-spin ensemble via a superconducting resonator text, January 2012

Atomic clock transitions in silicon-based spin qubits text, January 2013

Fast charge sensing of a cavity-coupled double quantum dot using a Josephson parametric amplifier text, January 2015

Increasing sensitivity of pulse EPR experiments using echo train detection schemes journal, November 2013

Orthogonal Spin Labeling and Gd(III)–Nitroxide Distance Measurements on Bacteriophage T4-Lysozyme journal, March 2013

Atomic clock transitions in silicon-based spin qubits journal, June 2013

Fast, low-power manipulation of spin ensembles in superconducting microresonators journal, June 2014

Planar microresonators for EPR experiments text, January 2005

Observation of quantum jumps in a superconducting artificial atom text, January 2010

Lock-in detection for pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance text, January 2011

Sub-nanometer resolution in three-dimensional magnetic-resonance imaging of individual dark spins text, January 2014

Fast charge sensing of a cavity-coupled double quantum dot using a Josephson parametric amplifier text, January 2015

Nonlinear Properties of Supercurrent-Carrying Single- and Multi-Layer Thin-Film Superconductors journal, January 2020

Irradiation of materials with short, intense ion pulses at NDCX-II journal, May 2017

Controlling spin relaxation with a cavity journal, February 2016

All-electric control of donor nuclear spin qubits in silicon journal, August 2017

Dynamical coupling between a nuclear spin ensemble and electromechanical phonons journal, August 2018

Simultaneous coherence enhancement of optical and microwave transitions in solid-state electronic spins journal, July 2018

Superradiant emission from colour centres in diamond journal, September 2018

Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy using a single artificial atom journal, March 2019

Coupling molecular spin centers to microwave planar resonators: towards integration of molecular qubits in quantum circuits journal, January 2016

Recent progress in the electron paramagnetic resonance study of polymers journal, January 2018

Vanadyl spin qubit 2D arrays and their integration on superconducting resonators journal, January 2020

Inductive-detection electron-spin resonance spectroscopy with 65 spins/ Hz sensitivity journal, November 2017

Sensitive spin detection using an on-chip SQUID-waveguide resonator journal, November 2017

High precision single qubit tuning via thermo-magnetic field control journal, March 2018

Magnetic field dependent microwave losses in superconducting niobium microstrip resonators journal, July 2018

Advanced surface resonators for electron spin resonance of single microcrystals journal, December 2018

Frequency-tunable high- Q superconducting resonators via wireless control of nonlinear kinetic inductance journal, May 2019

Engineering nonlinear response of superconducting niobium microstrip resonators via aluminum cladding journal, November 2019

Tuning high-Q superconducting resonators by magnetic field reorientation journal, December 2019

Quantum information processing with superconducting circuits: a review journal, September 2017

A hybrid-systems approach to spin squeezing using a highly dissipative ancillary system journal, May 2016

Proposal for detecting a single electron spin in a microwave resonator journal, February 2017

Coherent Magneto-optomechanical Signal Transduction and Long-Distance Phase-Shift Keying journal, September 2019

Identification and time-resolved study of ferrimagnetic spin-wave modes in a microwave cavity in the strong-coupling regime journal, January 2020

Observation of Collective Coupling between an Engineered Ensemble of Macroscopic Artificial Atoms and a Superconducting Resonator journal, November 2016

Selective Optical Addressing of Nuclear Spins through Superhyperfine Interaction in Rare-Earth Doped Solids journal, May 2018

Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of Er 3 + : Y 2 SiO 5 using a Josephson bifurcation amplifier: Observation of hyperfine and quadrupole structures journal, January 2018

Logical Qubit in a Linear Array of Semiconductor Quantum Dots journal, June 2018

Controlling Spin-Orbit Interactions in Silicon Quantum Dots Using Magnetic Field Direction journal, May 2019

Nonlinear Properties of Supercurrent-Carrying Single- and Multi-Layer Thin-Film Superconductors text, January 2020

Electrical activation and electron spin resonance measurements of implanted bismuth in isotopically enriched silicon-28
journal, April 2012

Amplification and squeezing of quantum noise with a tunable Josephson metamaterial
journal, October 2008

Optical detection of magnetic resonance in a single molecule
journal, May 1993

Electroelastic Hyperfine Tuning of Phosphorus Donors in Silicon
journal, January 2011

Planar microresonators for EPR experiments
journal, August 2005

The initialization and manipulation of quantum information stored in silicon by bismuth dopants
journal, August 2010

Observation of Quantum Jumps in a Superconducting Artificial Atom
journal, March 2011

In vivo EPR detection and imaging of endogenous nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice
journal, August 1996

Spin Echoes
journal, November 1950

Single-shot readout of an electron spin in silicon
journal, September 2010

High-gain weakly nonlinear flux-modulated Josephson parametric amplifier using a SQUID array
journal, June 2014

Nanomechanical motion measured with an imprecision below that at the standard quantum limit
journal, November 2009

Orthogonal Spin Labeling and Gd(III)–Nitroxide Distance Measurements on Bacteriophage T4-Lysozyme
journal, March 2013

Induction-detection electron spin resonance with spin sensitivity of a few tens of spins
journal, February 2015

Phase-preserving amplification near the quantum limit with a Josephson ring modulator
journal, May 2010

Lock-in detection for pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance
journal, April 2012

Superconducting microstrip resonator for pulsed ESR of thin films
journal, May 2013

Probing Dynamics of an Electron-Spin Ensemble via a Superconducting Resonator
journal, February 2013

Fast Charge Sensing of a Cavity-Coupled Double Quantum Dot Using a Josephson Parametric Amplifier
journal, July 2015

Microstrip resonators for electron‐spin resonance
journal, July 1991

Fast, low-power manipulation of spin ensembles in superconducting microresonators
journal, June 2014

Direct observation of the precession of individual paramagnetic spins on oxidized silicon surfaces
journal, May 1989

Atomic clock transitions in silicon-based spin qubits
journal, June 2013

Increasing sensitivity of pulse EPR experiments using echo train detection schemes
journal, November 2013

Mechanical detection of magnetic resonance
journal, December 1992

Electron Spin Resonance Experiments on Donors in Silicon. I. Electronic Structure of Donors by the Electron Nuclear Double Resonance Technique
journal, June 1959

Subnanometre resolution in three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of individual dark spins
journal, March 2014

Quantum limits on noise in linear amplifiers
journal, October 1982

Planar microresonators for EPR experiments
text, January 2005

Subnanometre resolution in three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of individual dark spins
text, January 2014

Spin Echoes
journal, December 1950

Amplification and squeezing of quantum noise with a tunable Josephson metamaterial
text, January 2008

Phase preserving amplification near the quantum limit with a Josephson Ring Modulator
text, January 2009

Dispersive magnetometry with a quantum limited SQUID parametric amplifier
text, January 2010

Electrical activation and electron spin resonance measurements of implanted bismuth in isotopically enriched silicon-28
text, January 2012

Probing dynamics of an electron-spin ensemble via a superconducting resonator
text, January 2012

Atomic clock transitions in silicon-based spin qubits
text, January 2013

Fast charge sensing of a cavity-coupled double quantum dot using a Josephson parametric amplifier
text, January 2015

Increasing sensitivity of pulse EPR experiments using echo train detection schemes
journal, November 2013

Orthogonal Spin Labeling and Gd(III)–Nitroxide Distance Measurements on Bacteriophage T4-Lysozyme
journal, March 2013

Atomic clock transitions in silicon-based spin qubits
journal, June 2013

Fast, low-power manipulation of spin ensembles in superconducting microresonators
journal, June 2014

Planar microresonators for EPR experiments
text, January 2005

Observation of quantum jumps in a superconducting artificial atom
text, January 2010

Lock-in detection for pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance
text, January 2011

Sub-nanometer resolution in three-dimensional magnetic-resonance imaging of individual dark spins
text, January 2014

Fast charge sensing of a cavity-coupled double quantum dot using a Josephson parametric amplifier
text, January 2015

Nonlinear Properties of Supercurrent-Carrying Single- and Multi-Layer Thin-Film Superconductors
journal, January 2020

Irradiation of materials with short, intense ion pulses at NDCX-II
journal, May 2017

Controlling spin relaxation with a cavity
journal, February 2016

All-electric control of donor nuclear spin qubits in silicon
journal, August 2017

Dynamical coupling between a nuclear spin ensemble and electromechanical phonons
journal, August 2018

Simultaneous coherence enhancement of optical and microwave transitions in solid-state electronic spins
journal, July 2018

Superradiant emission from colour centres in diamond
journal, September 2018

Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy using a single artificial atom
journal, March 2019

Coupling molecular spin centers to microwave planar resonators: towards integration of molecular qubits in quantum circuits
journal, January 2016

Recent progress in the electron paramagnetic resonance study of polymers
journal, January 2018

Vanadyl spin qubit 2D arrays and their integration on superconducting resonators
journal, January 2020

Inductive-detection electron-spin resonance spectroscopy with 65 spins/ Hz sensitivity
journal, November 2017

Sensitive spin detection using an on-chip SQUID-waveguide resonator
journal, November 2017

High precision single qubit tuning via thermo-magnetic field control
journal, March 2018

Magnetic field dependent microwave losses in superconducting niobium microstrip resonators
journal, July 2018

Advanced surface resonators for electron spin resonance of single microcrystals
journal, December 2018

Frequency-tunable high- Q superconducting resonators via wireless control of nonlinear kinetic inductance
journal, May 2019

Engineering nonlinear response of superconducting niobium microstrip resonators via aluminum cladding
journal, November 2019

Tuning high-Q superconducting resonators by magnetic field reorientation
journal, December 2019

Quantum information processing with superconducting circuits: a review
journal, September 2017

A hybrid-systems approach to spin squeezing using a highly dissipative ancillary system
journal, May 2016

Proposal for detecting a single electron spin in a microwave resonator
journal, February 2017

Coherent Magneto-optomechanical Signal Transduction and Long-Distance Phase-Shift Keying
journal, September 2019

Identification and time-resolved study of ferrimagnetic spin-wave modes in a microwave cavity in the strong-coupling regime
journal, January 2020

Observation of Collective Coupling between an Engineered Ensemble of Macroscopic Artificial Atoms and a Superconducting Resonator
journal, November 2016

Selective Optical Addressing of Nuclear Spins through Superhyperfine Interaction in Rare-Earth Doped Solids
journal, May 2018

Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of ${Er}^{3 +} : Y_{2} {SiO}_{5}$ using a Josephson bifurcation amplifier: Observation of hyperfine and quadrupole structures
journal, January 2018

Logical Qubit in a Linear Array of Semiconductor Quantum Dots
journal, June 2018

Controlling Spin-Orbit Interactions in Silicon Quantum Dots Using Magnetic Field Direction
journal, May 2019

Nonlinear Properties of Supercurrent-Carrying Single- and Multi-Layer Thin-Film Superconductors
text, January 2020

Nonlinear Properties of Supercurrent-Carrying Single- and Multi-Layer Thin-Film Superconductors
text, January 2020

Nonlinear Properties of Supercurrent-Carrying Single- and Multi-Layer Thin-Film Superconductors
text, January 2020

A hybrid-systems approach to spin squeezing using a highly dissipative ancillary system
text, January 2015