Amorphous calcium carbonate particles form coral skeletons
Abstract
Do corals form their skeletons by precipitation from solution or by attachment of amorphous precursor particles as observed in other minerals and biominerals? The classical model assumes precipitation in contrast with observed “vital effects,” that is, deviations from elemental and isotopic compositions at thermodynamic equilibrium. Here, we show direct spectromicroscopy evidence in Stylophora pistillata corals that two amorphous precursors exist, one hydrated and one anhydrous amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC); that these are formed in the tissue as 400-nm particles; and that they attach to the surface of coral skeletons, remain amorphous for hours, and finally, crystallize into aragonite (CaCO3). We show in both coral and synthetic aragonite spherulites that crystal growth by attachment of ACC particles is more than 100 times faster than ion-by-ion growth from solution. Fast growth provides a distinct physiological advantage to corals in the rigors of the reef, a crowded and fiercely competitive ecosystem. Corals are affected by warming-induced bleaching and postmortem dissolution, but the finding here that ACC particles are formed inside tissue may make coral skeleton formation less susceptible to ocean acidification than previously assumed. If this is how other corals form their skeletons, perhaps this is how a few corals survived past CO2more »
- Authors:
-
[5]
- Marine Biology Department, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel,
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706,
- Marine Biology Department, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel,, H. Steinitz Marine Biology Laboratory, The Interuniversity Institute of Marine Science, Eilat 88103, Israel,
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720,
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706,, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706,, Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1377090
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1408474
- Grant/Contract Number:
- FG02-07ER15899; AC02-05CH11231; BSF-2010065; BSF-2014035
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Journal Volume: 114 Journal Issue: 37; Journal ID: ISSN 0027-8424
- Publisher:
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; 58 GEOSCIENCES; mesocrystal; PEEM; calcification crisis; vital effects; ocean acidification
Citation Formats
Mass, Tali, Giuffre, Anthony J., Sun, Chang-Yu, Stifler, Cayla A., Frazier, Matthew J., Neder, Maayan, Tamura, Nobumichi, Stan, Camelia V., Marcus, Matthew A., and Gilbert, Pupa U. P. A. Amorphous calcium carbonate particles form coral skeletons. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1073/pnas.1707890114.
Mass, Tali, Giuffre, Anthony J., Sun, Chang-Yu, Stifler, Cayla A., Frazier, Matthew J., Neder, Maayan, Tamura, Nobumichi, Stan, Camelia V., Marcus, Matthew A., & Gilbert, Pupa U. P. A. Amorphous calcium carbonate particles form coral skeletons. United States. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707890114
Mass, Tali, Giuffre, Anthony J., Sun, Chang-Yu, Stifler, Cayla A., Frazier, Matthew J., Neder, Maayan, Tamura, Nobumichi, Stan, Camelia V., Marcus, Matthew A., and Gilbert, Pupa U. P. A. Mon .
"Amorphous calcium carbonate particles form coral skeletons". United States. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707890114.
@article{osti_1377090,
title = {Amorphous calcium carbonate particles form coral skeletons},
author = {Mass, Tali and Giuffre, Anthony J. and Sun, Chang-Yu and Stifler, Cayla A. and Frazier, Matthew J. and Neder, Maayan and Tamura, Nobumichi and Stan, Camelia V. and Marcus, Matthew A. and Gilbert, Pupa U. P. A.},
abstractNote = {Do corals form their skeletons by precipitation from solution or by attachment of amorphous precursor particles as observed in other minerals and biominerals? The classical model assumes precipitation in contrast with observed “vital effects,” that is, deviations from elemental and isotopic compositions at thermodynamic equilibrium. Here, we show direct spectromicroscopy evidence in Stylophora pistillata corals that two amorphous precursors exist, one hydrated and one anhydrous amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC); that these are formed in the tissue as 400-nm particles; and that they attach to the surface of coral skeletons, remain amorphous for hours, and finally, crystallize into aragonite (CaCO3). We show in both coral and synthetic aragonite spherulites that crystal growth by attachment of ACC particles is more than 100 times faster than ion-by-ion growth from solution. Fast growth provides a distinct physiological advantage to corals in the rigors of the reef, a crowded and fiercely competitive ecosystem. Corals are affected by warming-induced bleaching and postmortem dissolution, but the finding here that ACC particles are formed inside tissue may make coral skeleton formation less susceptible to ocean acidification than previously assumed. If this is how other corals form their skeletons, perhaps this is how a few corals survived past CO2 increases, such as the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum that occurred 56 Mya.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1707890114},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = 37,
volume = 114,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Aug 28 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Mon Aug 28 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
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