Lithium metal protected by atomic layer deposition metal oxide for high performance anodes
Abstract
We present that lithium metal is a highly desirable anode material for lithium batteries due to its extremely high theoretical capacity (3860 mA h g-1), low potential (-3.04 V versus standard hydrogen electrode), and low density (0.534 g cm-3). However, dendrite growth during cycling and low coulombic efficiency, resulting in safety hazards and fast battery fading, are huge barriers to commercialization. Herein, we used atomic layer deposition (ALD) to prepare conformal, ultrathin aluminum oxide coatings on lithium. We investigated the growth mechanism during Al2O3 ALD on lithium by in situ quartz crystal microbalance and found larger growth than expected during the initial cycles. We also discovered that the ALD Al2O3 enhances the wettability of the Li surface towards both carbonate and ether electrolytes, leading to uniform and dense SEI formation and reduced electrolyte consumption during battery operation. Scanning electron microscopy verified that the bare Li surfaces become rough and dendritic after electrochemical cycling, whereas the ALD Al2O3 coated Li surfaces remain smooth and uniform. Analysis of the Li surfaces after cycling using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ transmission electron microscopy revealed that the ALD Al2O3 coating remains intact during electrochemical cycling, and that Li ions diffuse through the coatingmore »
- Authors:
-
[4];
[6]
- Illinois Inst. of Technology, Chicago, IL (United States). Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering; Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States). Energy System Division and Joint Center for Energy Storage Research
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States). Joint Center for Energy Storage Research and Materials Science Division
- Shanghai University (China). Shanghai University Materials Genome Institute and Shanghai Materials Genome Institute
- Univ. of Illinois, Chicago, IL (United States). Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States). Joint Center for Energy Storage Research; Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States). Energy System Division
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States). Energy System Division and Joint Center for Energy Storage Research
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR); National Science Foundation (NSF)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1374715
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Materials Chemistry. A
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 5; Journal Issue: 24; Journal ID: ISSN 2050-7488
- Publisher:
- Royal Society of Chemistry
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Citation Formats
Chen, Lin, Connell, Justin G., Nie, Anmin, Huang, Zhennan, Zavadil, Kevin R., Klavetter, Kyle C., Yuan, Yifei, Sharifi-Asl, Soroosh, Shahbazian-Yassar, Reza, Libera, Joseph A., Mane, Anil U., and Elam, Jeffrey W. Lithium metal protected by atomic layer deposition metal oxide for high performance anodes. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1039/C7TA03116E.
Chen, Lin, Connell, Justin G., Nie, Anmin, Huang, Zhennan, Zavadil, Kevin R., Klavetter, Kyle C., Yuan, Yifei, Sharifi-Asl, Soroosh, Shahbazian-Yassar, Reza, Libera, Joseph A., Mane, Anil U., & Elam, Jeffrey W. Lithium metal protected by atomic layer deposition metal oxide for high performance anodes. United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA03116E
Chen, Lin, Connell, Justin G., Nie, Anmin, Huang, Zhennan, Zavadil, Kevin R., Klavetter, Kyle C., Yuan, Yifei, Sharifi-Asl, Soroosh, Shahbazian-Yassar, Reza, Libera, Joseph A., Mane, Anil U., and Elam, Jeffrey W. Fri .
"Lithium metal protected by atomic layer deposition metal oxide for high performance anodes". United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA03116E. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1374715.
@article{osti_1374715,
title = {Lithium metal protected by atomic layer deposition metal oxide for high performance anodes},
author = {Chen, Lin and Connell, Justin G. and Nie, Anmin and Huang, Zhennan and Zavadil, Kevin R. and Klavetter, Kyle C. and Yuan, Yifei and Sharifi-Asl, Soroosh and Shahbazian-Yassar, Reza and Libera, Joseph A. and Mane, Anil U. and Elam, Jeffrey W.},
abstractNote = {We present that lithium metal is a highly desirable anode material for lithium batteries due to its extremely high theoretical capacity (3860 mA h g-1), low potential (-3.04 V versus standard hydrogen electrode), and low density (0.534 g cm-3). However, dendrite growth during cycling and low coulombic efficiency, resulting in safety hazards and fast battery fading, are huge barriers to commercialization. Herein, we used atomic layer deposition (ALD) to prepare conformal, ultrathin aluminum oxide coatings on lithium. We investigated the growth mechanism during Al2O3 ALD on lithium by in situ quartz crystal microbalance and found larger growth than expected during the initial cycles. We also discovered that the ALD Al2O3 enhances the wettability of the Li surface towards both carbonate and ether electrolytes, leading to uniform and dense SEI formation and reduced electrolyte consumption during battery operation. Scanning electron microscopy verified that the bare Li surfaces become rough and dendritic after electrochemical cycling, whereas the ALD Al2O3 coated Li surfaces remain smooth and uniform. Analysis of the Li surfaces after cycling using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ transmission electron microscopy revealed that the ALD Al2O3 coating remains intact during electrochemical cycling, and that Li ions diffuse through the coating and deposit on the underlying Li. Coin cell testing demonstrated more than two times longer cycling life for the ALD Al2O3 protected Li, and a coulombic efficiency as high as ~98% at a practical current rate of 1 mA cm-2. More significantly, when the electrolyte volume was reduced from 20 to 5 μL, the stabilizing effect of the ALD coating became even more pronounced and the cycling life was around four times longer. Finally, these results indicate that ALD Al2O3 coatings are a promising strategy to stabilize Li anodes for high performance energy storage devices such as Li–S batteries.},
doi = {10.1039/C7TA03116E},
journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry. A},
number = 24,
volume = 5,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri May 26 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Fri May 26 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
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