Double side read-out technique for mitigation of radiation damage effects in PbWO4 crystals

Lucchini, Marco Toliman; Auffray, E.; Benaglia, A.; Cavallari, F.; Cockerill, D.; Dolgopolov, A.; Faure, J. L.; Golubev, N.; Hobson, P. R.; Jain, S.; Korjik, M.; Mechinski, V.; Singovski, A.; de Fatis, T. Tabarelli; Tarasov, I.; Zahid, S.

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/11/04/P04021

Title: Double side read-out technique for mitigation of radiation damage effects in PbWO₄ crystals

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Abstract

Test beam results of a calorimetric module based on 3×3×22 cm³ PbWO₄ crystals, identical to those used in the CMS ECAL Endcaps, read out by a pair of photodetectors coupled to the two opposite sides (front and rear) of each crystal are presented. Nine crystals with different level of induced absorption, from 0 to 20 m^-1, have been tested using electrons in the 50–200 GeV energy range. Photomultiplier tubes have been chosen as photodetectors to allow for a precise measurement of highly damaged crystals. The information provided by this double side read-out configuration allows to correct for event-by-event fluctuations of the longitudinal development of electromagnetic showers. By strongly mitigating the effect of non-uniform light collection efficiency induced by radiation damage, the double side read-out technique significantly improves the energy resolution with respect to a single side read-out configuration. The non-linearity of the response arising in damaged crystals is also corrected by a double side read-out configuration and the response linearity of irradiated crystals is restored. In high radiation environments at future colliders, as it will be the case for detectors operating during the High Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider, defects can be created inside the scintillator volume leadingmore »« less

Authors:

Lucchini, Marco Toliman ^[1]; Auffray, E. ^[1]; Benaglia, A. ^[1]; Cavallari, F. ^[2]; Cockerill, D. ^[3]; Dolgopolov, A. ^[4]; Faure, J. L. ^[5]; Golubev, N. ^[6]; Hobson, P. R. ^[7]; Jain, S. ^[8]; Korjik, M. ^[9]; Mechinski, V. ^[9]; Singovski, A. ^[10]; de Fatis, T. Tabarelli ^[11]; Tarasov, I. ^[12]; Zahid, S. ^[7]

European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland)
INFN Sezione di Roma and Sapienza Univ. di Roma, Roma (Italy)
STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab., Didcot (United Kingdom)
Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
DEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russia)
Brunel Univ., Middlesex (United Kingdom)
National Central Univ., Taoyuan City (Taiwan)
Byelorussian State Univ., Minsk (Belarus)
Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)
Univ. of Milano-Bicocca, Milano (Italy)
Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt (Germany)

Publication Date:: Mon Apr 18 00:00:00 EDT 2016

Research Org.:: Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1373305

Report Number(s):: FERMILAB-PUB-16-708
Journal ID: ISSN 1748-0221; 1450049

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11359

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Instrumentation

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 11; Journal Issue: 04; Journal ID: ISSN 1748-0221

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; calorimeter methods; calorimeters; radiation damage to detector materials (solid state); radiation-hard detectors

Citation Formats


                    Lucchini, Marco Toliman, Auffray, E., Benaglia, A., Cavallari, F., Cockerill, D., Dolgopolov, A., Faure, J. L., Golubev, N., Hobson, P. R., Jain, S., Korjik, M., Mechinski, V., Singovski, A., de Fatis, T. Tabarelli, Tarasov, I., and Zahid, S. Double side read-out technique for mitigation of radiation damage effects in PbWO4 crystals.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1088/1748-0221/11/04/P04021.

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                    Lucchini, Marco Toliman, Auffray, E., Benaglia, A., Cavallari, F., Cockerill, D., Dolgopolov, A., Faure, J. L., Golubev, N., Hobson, P. R., Jain, S., Korjik, M., Mechinski, V., Singovski, A., de Fatis, T. Tabarelli, Tarasov, I., & Zahid, S. Double side read-out technique for mitigation of radiation damage effects in PbWO4 crystals.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/11/04/P04021

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                    Lucchini, Marco Toliman, Auffray, E., Benaglia, A., Cavallari, F., Cockerill, D., Dolgopolov, A., Faure, J. L., Golubev, N., Hobson, P. R., Jain, S., Korjik, M., Mechinski, V., Singovski, A., de Fatis, T. Tabarelli, Tarasov, I., and Zahid, S. Mon .  
"Double side read-out technique for mitigation of radiation damage effects in PbWO4 crystals".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/11/04/P04021.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1373305.

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@article{osti_1373305,

  title        = {Double side read-out technique for mitigation of radiation damage effects in PbWO4 crystals},

  author       = {Lucchini, Marco Toliman and Auffray, E. and Benaglia, A. and Cavallari, F. and Cockerill, D. and Dolgopolov, A. and Faure, J. L. and Golubev, N. and Hobson, P. R. and Jain, S. and Korjik, M. and Mechinski, V. and Singovski, A. and de Fatis, T. Tabarelli and Tarasov, I. and Zahid, S.},

  abstractNote = {Test beam results of a calorimetric module based on 3×3×22 cm3 PbWO4 crystals, identical to those used in the CMS ECAL Endcaps, read out by a pair of photodetectors coupled to the two opposite sides (front and rear) of each crystal are presented. Nine crystals with different level of induced absorption, from 0 to 20 m-1, have been tested using electrons in the 50–200 GeV energy range. Photomultiplier tubes have been chosen as photodetectors to allow for a precise measurement of highly damaged crystals. The information provided by this double side read-out configuration allows to correct for event-by-event fluctuations of the longitudinal development of electromagnetic showers. By strongly mitigating the effect of non-uniform light collection efficiency induced by radiation damage, the double side read-out technique significantly improves the energy resolution with respect to a single side read-out configuration. The non-linearity of the response arising in damaged crystals is also corrected by a double side read-out configuration and the response linearity of irradiated crystals is restored. In high radiation environments at future colliders, as it will be the case for detectors operating during the High Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider, defects can be created inside the scintillator volume leading to a non-uniform response of the calorimetric cell. As a result, the double side read-out technique presented in this study provides a valuable way to improve the performance of calorimeters based on scintillators whose active volumes are characterized by high aspect ratio cells similar to those used in this study.},

  doi          = {10.1088/1748-0221/11/04/P04021},

  journal      = {Journal of Instrumentation},

  number       = 04,

  volume       = 11,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Apr 18 00:00:00 EDT 2016},

  month        = {Mon Apr 18 00:00:00 EDT 2016}

}

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Title: Double side read-out technique for mitigation of radiation damage effects in PbWO4 crystals

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Title: Double side read-out technique for mitigation of radiation damage effects in PbWO₄ crystals