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Title: Low-bandgap mixed tin–lead iodide perovskite absorbers with long carrier lifetimes for all-perovskite tandem solar cells

Abstract

Tandem solar cells using only metal-halide perovskite sub-cells are an attractive choice for next-generation solar cells. However, the progress in developing efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cells has been hindered by the lack of high-performance low-bandgap perovskite solar cells. Here in this paper, we report efficient mixed tin-lead iodide low-bandgap (~1.25 eV) perovskite solar cells with open-circuit voltages up to 0.85 V and over 70% external quantum efficiencies in the infrared wavelength range of 700-900 nm, delivering a short-circuit current density of over 29 mA cm-2 and demonstrating suitability for bottom-cell applications in all-perovskite tandem solar cells. Our low-bandgap perovskite solar cells achieve a maximum power conversion efficiency of 17.6% and a certified efficiency of 17.01% with a negligible current-voltage hysteresis. Finally, when mechanically stacked with a ~1.58 eV bandgap perovskite top cell, our best all-perovskite 4-terminal tandem solar cell shows a steady-state efficiency of 21.0%.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [1]
  1. Univ. of Toledo, OH (United States). Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization (PVIC)
  2. Univ. of Toledo, OH (United States). Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization (PVIC); Wuhan Univ. (China). Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology
  3. Univ. of Toledo, OH (United States). Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization (PVIC); Southeast Univ., Nanjing (China). Ordered Matter Science Research Center
  4. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States). Chemistry and Nanoscience Center
  5. Wuhan Univ. (China). Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology
  6. Southeast Univ., Nanjing (China). Ordered Matter Science Research Center
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Solar Energy Technologies Office (EE-4S). SunShot Initiative; USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1371834
Report Number(s):
NREL/JA-5900-68901
Journal ID: ISSN 2058-7546; MainId:17308;UUID:6fe33abc-0f68-e711-9c0f-2c44fd93e385;MainAdminID:5786
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC36-08GO28308; FOA-0000990; AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nature Energy
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 2; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 2058-7546
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
14 SOLAR ENERGY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; perovskite solar cells; tandom solar cells

Citation Formats

Zhao, Dewei, Yu, Yue, Wang, Changlei, Liao, Weiqiang, Shrestha, Niraj, Grice, Corey R., Cimaroli, Alexander J., Guan, Lei, Ellingson, Randy J., Zhu, Kai, Zhao, Xingzhong, Xiong, Ren-Gen, and Yan, Yanfa. Low-bandgap mixed tin–lead iodide perovskite absorbers with long carrier lifetimes for all-perovskite tandem solar cells. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.18.
Zhao, Dewei, Yu, Yue, Wang, Changlei, Liao, Weiqiang, Shrestha, Niraj, Grice, Corey R., Cimaroli, Alexander J., Guan, Lei, Ellingson, Randy J., Zhu, Kai, Zhao, Xingzhong, Xiong, Ren-Gen, & Yan, Yanfa. Low-bandgap mixed tin–lead iodide perovskite absorbers with long carrier lifetimes for all-perovskite tandem solar cells. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2017.18
Zhao, Dewei, Yu, Yue, Wang, Changlei, Liao, Weiqiang, Shrestha, Niraj, Grice, Corey R., Cimaroli, Alexander J., Guan, Lei, Ellingson, Randy J., Zhu, Kai, Zhao, Xingzhong, Xiong, Ren-Gen, and Yan, Yanfa. Wed . "Low-bandgap mixed tin–lead iodide perovskite absorbers with long carrier lifetimes for all-perovskite tandem solar cells". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2017.18. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1371834.
@article{osti_1371834,
title = {Low-bandgap mixed tin–lead iodide perovskite absorbers with long carrier lifetimes for all-perovskite tandem solar cells},
author = {Zhao, Dewei and Yu, Yue and Wang, Changlei and Liao, Weiqiang and Shrestha, Niraj and Grice, Corey R. and Cimaroli, Alexander J. and Guan, Lei and Ellingson, Randy J. and Zhu, Kai and Zhao, Xingzhong and Xiong, Ren-Gen and Yan, Yanfa},
abstractNote = {Tandem solar cells using only metal-halide perovskite sub-cells are an attractive choice for next-generation solar cells. However, the progress in developing efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cells has been hindered by the lack of high-performance low-bandgap perovskite solar cells. Here in this paper, we report efficient mixed tin-lead iodide low-bandgap (~1.25 eV) perovskite solar cells with open-circuit voltages up to 0.85 V and over 70% external quantum efficiencies in the infrared wavelength range of 700-900 nm, delivering a short-circuit current density of over 29 mA cm-2 and demonstrating suitability for bottom-cell applications in all-perovskite tandem solar cells. Our low-bandgap perovskite solar cells achieve a maximum power conversion efficiency of 17.6% and a certified efficiency of 17.01% with a negligible current-voltage hysteresis. Finally, when mechanically stacked with a ~1.58 eV bandgap perovskite top cell, our best all-perovskite 4-terminal tandem solar cell shows a steady-state efficiency of 21.0%.},
doi = {10.1038/nenergy.2017.18},
journal = {Nature Energy},
number = 4,
volume = 2,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Wed Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}

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journal, December 2018

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  • APL Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5060953

Roadmap on halide perovskite and related devices
journal, January 2020


Enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability with a new type of hollow 3D perovskite {en}FASnI 3
journal, August 2017

  • Ke, Weijun; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Zhu, Menghua
  • Science Advances, Vol. 3, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701293

Strained hybrid perovskite thin films and their impact on the intrinsic stability of perovskite solar cells
journal, November 2017


Sequentially Vapor-Grown Hybrid Perovskite for Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells
journal, January 2018


Optimization of anti-solvent engineering toward high performance perovskite solar cells
journal, April 2019

  • Li, Jian; Yang, Ruihan; Que, Longcheng
  • Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 34, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2019.122

Interplay of Structural and Optoelectronic Properties in Formamidinium Mixed Tin-Lead Triiodide Perovskites
journal, June 2018

  • Parrott, Elizabeth S.; Green, Thomas; Milot, Rebecca L.
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 33
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201802803

Composition-Tuned Wide Bandgap Perovskites: From Grain Engineering to Stability and Performance Improvement
journal, July 2018

  • Zhou, Yang; Jia, Yong-Heng; Fang, Hong-Hua
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 35
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201803130

Merits and Challenges of Ruddlesden-Popper Soft Halide Perovskites in Electro-Optics and Optoelectronics
journal, October 2018


From Lead Halide Perovskites to Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites and Perovskite Derivatives
journal, January 2019


Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells: From Materials and Devices to Applications
journal, August 2019


A‐Site Management for Highly Crystalline Perovskites
journal, November 2019


Compositionally Graded Absorber for Efficient and Stable Near-Infrared-Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, January 2018


Inorganic Materials as Hole Selective Contacts and Intermediate Tunnel Junction Layer for Monolithic Perovskite-CIGSe Tandem Solar Cells
journal, September 2018

  • Wang, Yajie; Wenisch, Robert; Schlatmann, Rutger
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 30
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201801692

A Review on Additives for Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, April 2020

  • Liu, Shuang; Guan, Yanjun; Sheng, Yusong
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 13
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201902492

Soft Template‐Controlled Growth of High‐Quality CsPbI 3 Films for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells
journal, January 2020


Perovskite Solar Cells: From the Atomic Level to Film Quality and Device Performance
journal, February 2018

  • Saliba, Michael; Correa-Baena, Juan-Pablo; Grätzel, Michael
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703226

Narrow Bandgap Pb–Sn Perovskites/InGaZnO Hybrid Phototransistors for Near‐Infrared Detection
journal, October 2019

  • Yan, Lizhi; Du, Xingzhi; Liu, Chuan
  • physica status solidi (a), Vol. 216, Issue 23
  • DOI: 10.1002/pssa.201900417

Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Next‐Generation Optoelectronics
journal, April 2019


CsSnI 3 Solar Cells via an Evaporation-Assisted Solution Method
journal, February 2018


Energy Level Tuning of PEDOT:PSS for High Performance Tin-Lead Mixed Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, November 2018


Two‐Terminal Perovskites Tandem Solar Cells: Recent Advances and Perspectives
journal, May 2019


Progress towards highly stable and lead-free perovskite solar cells
journal, March 2018

  • Abd Mutalib, Muhazri; Ahmad Ludin, Norasikin; Nik Ruzalman, Nik Ahmad Aizudden
  • Materials for Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Vol. 7, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1007/s40243-018-0113-0

Long-lived hot-carrier light emission and large blue shift in formamidinium tin triiodide perovskites
journal, January 2018


Efficient two-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cells enabled by high-quality low-bandgap absorber layers
journal, November 2018


Design of low bandgap tin–lead halide perovskite solar cells to achieve thermal, atmospheric and operational stability
journal, October 2019


Highly efficient planar perovskite solar cells achieved by simultaneous defect engineering and formation kinetic control
journal, January 2018

  • Cheng, Jiaqi; Zhang, Hong; Zhang, Shaoqing
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 46
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8ta08819e

Hot-substrate deposition of all-inorganic perovskite films for low-temperature processed high-efficiency solar cells
journal, January 2019

  • Wang, Ze; Liu, Xiaodong; Lin, Yiwei
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1039/c8ta09855g

Bulk recrystallization for efficient mixed-cation mixed-halide perovskite solar cells
journal, January 2019

  • Lin, Liangyou; Wang, Jacob Tse-Wei; Jones, Timothy W.
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 44
  • DOI: 10.1039/c9ta08351k

Atmospherically induced defects in (FASnI 3 ) 0.6 (MAPbI 3−3 x Cl 3 x ) 0.4 perovskites
journal, February 2019

  • Junda, Maxwell M.; Zhao, Dewei; Subedi, Biwas
  • Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 52, Issue 17
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ab05b2

Wide-bandgap, low-bandgap, and tandem perovskite solar cells
journal, July 2019

  • Song, Zhaoning; Chen, Cong; Li, Chongwen
  • Semiconductor Science and Technology, Vol. 34, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6641/ab27f7

Promises and challenges of perovskite solar cells
journal, November 2017

  • Correa-Baena, Juan-Pablo; Saliba, Michael; Buonassisi, Tonio
  • Science, Vol. 358, Issue 6364
  • DOI: 10.1126/science.aam6323

Carrier lifetimes of >1 μs in Sn-Pb perovskites enable efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cells
journal, April 2019


Surfactant-controlled ink drying enables high-speed deposition of perovskite films for efficient photovoltaic modules
text, January 2018

  • X., Zheng,; Q., Wang,; Y., Bai,
  • The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
  • DOI: 10.17615/06w1-cw07

Enhancing electron diffusion length in narrow-bandgap perovskites for efficient monolithic perovskite tandem solar cells
text, January 2019

  • Z., Ni,; J., Huang,; J., Zhao,
  • The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
  • DOI: 10.17615/1x7d-nh55

Strained hybrid perovskite thin films and their impact on the intrinsic stability of perovskite solar cells
text, January 2017

  • Jinsong, Huang,; Haotong, Wei,; E., Shield, Jeffrey
  • The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
  • DOI: 10.17615/74eg-ak28

Analysing the Prospects of Perovskite Solar Cells within the Purview of Recent Scientific Advancements
journal, June 2018

  • Bhat, Aakash; Dhamaniya, Bhanu; Chhillar, Priyanka
  • Crystals, Vol. 8, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.3390/cryst8060242

“Unleaded” Perovskites: Status Quo and Future Prospects of Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, September 2018

  • Ke, Weijun; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.
  • Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 47
  • DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803230

Combining Efficiency and Stability in Mixed Tin–Lead Perovskite Solar Cells by Capping Grains with an Ultrathin 2D Layer
journal, March 2020


Vacuum‐Assisted Growth of Low‐Bandgap Thin Films (FA 0.8 MA 0.2 Sn 0.5 Pb 0.5 I 3 ) for All‐Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
journal, December 2019

  • Abdollahi Nejand, Bahram; Hossain, Ihteaz M.; Jakoby, Marius
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201902583

Homogenous Alloys of Formamidinium Lead Triiodide and Cesium Tin Triiodide for Efficient Ideal-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, July 2017

  • Zong, Yingxia; Wang, Ning; Zhang, Lin
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 56, Issue 41
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705965

Crystallization, Properties, and Challenges of Low-Bandgap Sn-Pb Binary Perovskites
journal, July 2018


Molecular Controlling the Transport Properties for Benzothiadiazole-Based Hole Transport Materials
journal, August 2018

  • Liu, Qian; Lin, Xiaochen; Cao, Xinlan
  • Applied Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.3390/app8091461

Lead-Free Hybrid Perovskite Absorbers for Viable Application: Can We Eat the Cake and Have It too?
journal, November 2017


Polarons in Metal Halide Perovskites
journal, April 2020

  • Meggiolaro, Daniele; Ambrosio, Francesco; Mosconi, Edoardo
  • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 13
  • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201902748

Surfactant-controlled ink drying enables high-speed deposition of perovskite films for efficient photovoltaic modules
journal, May 2018


Tin(iv) dopant removal through anti-solvent engineering enabling tin based perovskite solar cells with high charge carrier mobilities
text, January 2019

  • Bandara, Rmi; Jayawardena, Kdgi; Adeyemo, Stephanie
  • Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
  • DOI: 10.17863/cam.40441

Improving Performance and Stability of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells through Grain Boundary Passivation with Block Copolymers
journal, May 2019


FAPb 0.5 Sn 0.5 I 3 : A Narrow Bandgap Perovskite Synthesized through Evaporation Methods for Solar Cell Applications
journal, August 2019


Low-Bandgap Methylammonium-Rubidium Cation Sn-Rich Perovskites for Efficient Ultraviolet-Visible-Near Infrared Photodetectors
journal, January 2018

  • Zhu, Hugh Lu; Liang, Zhifu; Huo, Zhengbao
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 16
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201706068

Low‐Bandgap Mixed Tin‐Lead Perovskites and Their Applications in All‐Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
journal, February 2019

  • Wang, Changlei; Song, Zhaoning; Li, Chongwen
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 47
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201808801

Tin-Based Perovskite with Improved Coverage and Crystallinity through Tin-Fluoride-Assisted Heterogeneous Nucleation
journal, November 2017


Strategies Toward Extending the Near‐Infrared Photovoltaic Response of Perovskite Solar Cells
journal, August 2019


Opportunities and challenges for tandem solar cells using metal halide perovskite semiconductors
journal, July 2018


An integrated organic–inorganic hole transport layer for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
journal, January 2018

  • Guo, Yaxiong; Lei, Hongwei; Xiong, Liangbin
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1039/c7ta09946k

Study of the Partial Substitution of Pb by Sn in Cs–Pb–Sn–Br Nanocrystals Owing to Obtaining Stable Nanoparticles with Excellent Optical Properties
journal, December 2017

  • Vitoreti, Ana Beatriz Ferreira; Agouram, Said; Solis de la Fuente, Mauricio
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 122, Issue 25
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b02499

Microsecond Carrier Lifetimes, Controlled p-Doping, and Enhanced Air Stability in Low-Bandgap Metal Halide Perovskites
journal, August 2019


Long-lived hot-carrier light emission and large blue shift in formamidinium tin triiodide perovskites
journal, January 2018


Sub-1.4eV bandgap inorganic perovskite solar cells with long-term stability
journal, January 2020


Enhanced optical path and electron diffusion length enable high-efficiency perovskite tandems
journal, March 2020


Sequentially Vapor-Grown Hybrid Perovskite for Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells
journal, January 2018


Enhancing electron diffusion length in narrow-bandgap perovskites for efficient monolithic perovskite tandem solar cells
text, January 2019

  • Z., Ni,; J., Huang,; J., Zhao,
  • The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
  • DOI: 10.17615/1x7d-nh55