Zinc sparks induce physiochemical changes in the egg zona pellucida that prevent polyspermy

Que, Emily L.; Duncan, Francesca E.; Bayer, Amanda R.; Philips, Steven J.; Roth, Eric W.; Bleher, Reiner; Gleber, Sophie C.; Vogt, Stefan; Woodruff, Teresa K.; O’Halloran, Thomas V.

doi:10.1039/C6IB00212A

Title: Zinc sparks induce physiochemical changes in the egg zona pellucida that prevent polyspermy

Journal Article · 18 January 2017 · Integrative Biology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C6IB00212A · OSTI ID:1369059

^[1]; Duncan, Francesca E. ^[1]; Bayer, Amanda R. ^[1]; Philips, Steven J. ^[1];

^[2]; Bleher, Reiner ^[2]; Gleber, Sophie C. ^[3]; Vogt, Stefan ^[3]; Woodruff, Teresa K. ^[4]; O’Halloran, Thomas V. ^[1]

Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States); Northwestern Univ. Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center, Evanston, IL (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States); Northwestern Univ., Chicago, IL (United States)

During fertilization or chemically-induced egg activation, the mouse egg releases billions of zinc atoms in brief bursts known as ‘zinc sparks.’ The zona pellucida (ZP), a glycoprotein matrix surrounding the egg, is the first structure zinc ions encounter as they diffuse away from the plasma membrane. Following fertilization, the ZP undergoes changes described as ‘hardening’, which prevent multiple sperm from fertilizing the egg and thereby establish a block to polyspermy. A major event in zona hardening is cleavage of ZP2 proteins by ovastacin; however, the overall physiochemical changes contributing to zona hardening are not well understood. Using x-ray fluorescence microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and biological function assays, we tested the hypothesis that zinc release contributes to ZP hardening. We found that the zinc content in the ZP increases by 300% following activation and that zinc exposure modulates the architecture of the ZP matrix. Importantly, zinc-induced structural changes of the ZP have a direct biological consequence; namely, they reduce the ability of sperm to bind to the ZP. These results provide a paradigm-shifting model in which fertilization-induced zinc sparks contribute to the polyspermy block by altering conformations of the ZP matrix. Finally, this adds a previously unrecognized factor, namely zinc, to the process of ZP hardening.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Chicago Biomedical Consortium; National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE; W.M. Keck Foundation

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1369059

Journal Information:: Integrative Biology, Journal Name: Integrative Biology Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 9; ISSN IBNIEK; ISSN 1757-9694

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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