Photocyclic behavior of rhodopsin induced by an atypical isomerization mechanism

Gulati, Sahil; Jastrzebska, Beata; Banerjee, Surajit; Placeres, Ángel L.; Miszta, Przemyslaw; Gao, Songqi; Gunderson, Karl; Tochtrop, Gregory P.; Filipek, Sławomir; Katayama, Kota; Kiser, Philip D.; Mogi, Muneto; Stewart, Phoebe L.; Palczewski, Krzysztof

doi:10.1073/pnas.1617446114

Title: Photocyclic behavior of rhodopsin induced by an atypical isomerization mechanism

Journal Article · 13 March 2017 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1617446114 · OSTI ID:1368263

Gulati, Sahil ^[1]; Jastrzebska, Beata ^[1]; Banerjee, Surajit ^[2]; Placeres, Ángel L. ^[1]; Miszta, Przemyslaw ^[3]; Gao, Songqi ^[1]; Gunderson, Karl ^[4]; Tochtrop, Gregory P. ^[1];

^[3]; Katayama, Kota ^[1];

^[5]; Mogi, Muneto ^[4]; Stewart, Phoebe L. ^[1];

^[1]

Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH (United States)
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Univ. of Warsaw (Poland)
Novartis Inst. for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA (United States)
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH (United States); Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH (United States)

Vertebrate rhodopsin (Rh) contains 11-cis-retinal as a chromophore to convert light energy into visual signals. On absorption of light, 11-cis-retinal is isomerized to all-trans-retinal, constituting a one-way reaction that activates transducin (G_t) followed by chromophore release. Here we report that bovine Rh, regenerated instead with a six-carbon-ring retinal chromophore featuring a C¹¹=C¹² double bond locked in its cis conformation (Rh6mr), employs an atypical isomerization mechanism by converting 11-cis to an 11,13-dicis configuration for prolonged G_t activation. We report time-dependent UV-vis spectroscopy, HPLC, and molecular mechanics analyses revealed an atypical thermal reisomerization of the 11,13-dicis to the 11-cis configuration on a slow timescale, which enables Rh6mr to function in a photocyclic manner similar to that of microbial Rhs. With this photocyclic behavior, Rh6mr repeatedly recruits and activates G_t in response to light stimuli, making it an excellent candidate for optogenetic tools based on retinal analog-bound vertebrate Rhs. Overall, we report these comprehensive structure–function studies unveil a unique photocyclic mechanism of Rh activation by an 11-cis–to–11,13-dicis isomerization.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Institutes of Health (NIH); US Department of Veterans Affairs; National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; EY021126; EY027283; EY025214; CA157735; IK2BX002683; MCB-084480; P41 GM103403; S10 RR029205

OSTI ID:: 1368263

Journal Information:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 114, Issue 13; ISSN 0027-8424

Publisher:: National Academy of SciencesCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: ENGLISH

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
rhodopsin
vision
GPCR
isomerization
chromophore

Title: Photocyclic behavior of rhodopsin induced by an atypical isomerization mechanism

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References (68)

Cited By (9)

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